Editing 1875 in science (section)

==Chemistry==
* [[Gallium]] is discovered [[spectroscopy|spectroscopically]] by French chemist [[Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]]. Later in this year he obtains the free metal by [[electrolysis]] of its [[hydroxide]] and names it. This is the first of [[Dmitri Mendeleev's predicted elements]] to be identified.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Caractères chimiques et spectroscopiques d'un nouveau métal, le gallium, découvert dans une blende de la mine de Pierrefitte, vallée d'Argelès (Pyrénées)|first=Lecoq|last=de Boisbaudran|page=493|journal=[[Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences]]|volume=81|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3038w/f490.table|accessdate=2008-09-23}}; {{cite journal |doi=10.1002/andp.18762351216 |title=Ueber die physikalischen Eigenschaften des Galliums |year=1876 |last1=De Boisbaudran |first1=Lecoq |journal=Annalen der Physik und Chemie |volume=235 |issue=12 |pages=649–650|bibcode=1876AnP...235..649D|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1423754/files/article.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=The discovery of the elements. XIII. Some elements predicted by Mendeleeff|pages=1605–1619|last=Weeks|first=Mary Elvira|authorlink=Mary Elvira Weeks|doi=10.1021/ed009p1605|journal=[[Journal of Chemical Education]]|volume=9|issue=9|year=1932|bibcode=1932JChEd...9.1605W}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=The Ingredients: a Guided Tour of the Elements|last=Ball|first=Philip|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=105|year=2002|isbn=0-19-284100-9}}</ref>
* [[Phenylhydrazine]] is discovered by [[Hermann Emil Fischer]].<ref>Fischer, E. (1875). [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90680z/f589.zoom.langEN "Ueber aromatische Hydrazinverbindungen"] [On aromatic hydrazine compounds.] ''Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft'' '''8''':589-594.</ref>
* Swiss [[chocolatier]] [[Daniel Peter]] working with [[Henri Nestlé]]'s company perfects a method of manufacturing [[milk chocolate]] using [[condensed milk]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Wilson|first1=Philip K.|last2=Hurst|first2=W. Jeffrey|title=Chocolate as Medicine: A Quest Over the Centuries|location=London|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|year=2012|pages=97-8|isbn=978-1-84973-411-0}}</ref>