Editing 1885 (section)

== Events ==

=== January&ndash;March ===
[[File:Washington Monument Dusk Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|135px|right| [[February 21|Feb. 21]]: [[Washington Monument]] dedicated.]]
* [[January 3]]&ndash;[[January 4|4]] &ndash; [[Sino-French War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Núi Bop]]: French troops under General [[Oscar de Négrier]] defeat a numerically superior [[Qing dynasty|Qing Chinese]] force, in northern [[Vietnam]].
* [[January 17]] &ndash; [[Mahdist War]] in [[Sudan]] &ndash; [[Battle of Abu Klea]]: British troops defeat Mahdist forces. 
* [[January 20]] &ndash; American inventor [[LaMarcus Adna Thompson]] patents a [[roller coaster]].
* [[January 24]] &ndash; Irish rebels damage [[Westminster Hall]] and the [[Tower of London]] with dynamite.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=310–311|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
* [[January 26]] &ndash; [[Mahdist War]] in Sudan: Troops loyal to [[Mahdi]] [[Muhammad Ahmad]] conquer [[Khartoum]]; British commander [[Charles George Gordon]] is killed.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology">{{cite book|last=Williams|first=Hywel|title=Cassell's Chronology of World History|location=London|publisher=Weidenfeld & Nicolson|year=2005|isbn=0-304-35730-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/438 438–440]|url=https://archive.org/details/cassellschronolo0000will/page/438}}</ref>
* [[February 5]] &ndash; King [[Leopold II of Belgium]] establishes the [[Congo Free State]], as a personal possession.
* [[February 9]] &ndash; The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii.
* [[February 16]] &ndash; [[Charles Dow]] publishes the first edition of the [[Dow Jones Industrial Average]]. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and represents the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading American industries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232102/http://articles.philly.com/1995-02-24/news/25702996_1_blue-chip-stocks-industrial-shares-index Dow Record Book Adds Another First]. Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08.</ref>
* [[February 20]] &ndash; The [[Richmond Football Club]] is officially formed at the Royal Hotel in the [[Melbourne]] suburb of [[Richmond, Victoria|Richmond]], [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]].<ref>Hansen (1992), p. 28.</ref>
* [[February 21]] &ndash; United States President [[Chester A. Arthur]] dedicates the [[Washington Monument]].
* [[February 23]]
** [[Sino-French War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Đồng Đăng (1885)|Battle of Đồng Đăng]]: France gains an important victory over China, in the [[Tonkin]] region of modern-day Vietnam.
** An English executioner fails after several attempts to [[Hanging|hang]] [[John Babbacombe Lee]], sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse; Lee's sentence is commuted to life imprisonment.
* [[February 26]] &ndash; The final act of the [[Berlin Conference]] regulates European colonization and trade, in the ''[[scramble for Africa]]''.<ref name="Cassell's Chronology"/>
* [[February 28]] &ndash; February concludes without having a full moon.
* [[March 3]] &ndash; A subsidiary of the American Bell Telephone Company, [[American Telephone and Telegraph]] (AT&T), is incorporated in New York.
* [[March 7]] &ndash; The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid]] is founded.
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Gilbert and Sullivan]]'s comic opera ''[[The Mikado]]'' opens, at the [[Savoy Theatre]] in London.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Hutchinson Factfinder|publisher=Helicon|year=1999|isbn=1-85986-000-1}}</ref>
* [[March 26]]
** [[Prussian deportations]]: The [[Prussia]]n government, motivated by [[Otto von Bismarck]], expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia.
** The [[North-West Rebellion]] in Canada by the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis people]], led by [[Louis Riel]], begins with the [[Battle of Duck Lake]].
** First legal [[cremation]] in England: widowed painter [[Jeanette Pickersgill]] of London, "well known in literary and scientific circles",<ref>{{cite news|title=Cremation|newspaper=[[The Times]]|location=London|date=1885-03-27|page=10|issue= 31405}}</ref> is cremated by the Cremation Society at [[Woking]], [[Surrey]].
* [[March 30]] &ndash; The [[Battle for Kushka]] triggers the [[Panjdeh Incident]], which nearly gives rise to war between the [[British Empire]] and [[Russian Empire]].
* [[March 31]] &ndash; The United Kingdom establishes the [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]].<ref>{{cite book | publisher=[[Sampson Low|Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington]] via [[World Digital Library]] | last=Mackenzie | first=John | title=Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England | location=London | access-date=April 10, 2018 | date=1887 | url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412145903/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/2525/ | archive-date=April 12, 2018 | url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 2]] &ndash; [[Frog Lake Massacre]]: [[Cree]] warriors led by [[Wandering Spirit (Cree leader)|Wandering Spirit]] kill 9 settlers at [[Frog Lake, Alberta|Frog Lake]] in the [[Northwest Territories]].
* [[April 3]] &ndash; [[Gottlieb Daimler]] is granted a German patent, for his single-cylinder, [[water-cooled]] [[engine]] design.
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Luton Town F.C.|Luton Town Football Club]] is created by the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England.
* [[April 14]] &ndash; [[Sino-French War]]: A French victory at [[Kép]] causes China to withdraw its forces from [[Tonkin]], in the final engagement of the conflict.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Symphony No. 7 (Dvořák)]] was premiered at [[St James's Hall]] in London.
* [[April 30]] &ndash; A bill is signed in the New York State legislature, forming the [[Niagara Falls|Niagara Falls State Park]].
* [[May 2]]
** ''[[Good Housekeeping]]'' magazine goes on sale for the first time in the United States.
** [[North-West Rebellion]] &ndash; [[Battle of Cut Knife]]: [[Cree]] and [[Assiniboine]] warriors win their largest victory over Canadian forces.
* [[May 9]]&ndash;[[May 12|12]] &ndash; [[North-West Rebellion]] &ndash; [[Battle of Batoche]]: Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]] rebels, bringing an end to their part in the rebellion.
* [[May 19]] &ndash; After a [[United States Senate election in Illinois, 1885|three-month legislative battle]] in the [[Illinois General Assembly]], [[John A. Logan]] is re-elected to the [[United States Senate]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; The first public train departs [[Swanage railway station]], on the newly built [[Swanage Railway]] in England.
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Loon Lake]]: The Canadian [[North-West Mounted Police]] and allies force a party of Plains [[Cree]] warriors to surrender in the last skirmish of the [[North-West Rebellion]], and the last battle fought on Canadian soil.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; The [[Statue of Liberty]] arrives in [[New York Harbor]].
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury]], becomes [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].

=== July&ndash;September ===
* [[July]] &ndash; Japan Brewery, predecessor of [[Kirin Company|Kirin Holdings]] is founded in [[Yokohama]], Japan.{{citation needed|date=July 2020}}
* [[July 6]] &ndash; [[Louis Pasteur]] and [[Émile Roux]] successfully test their [[rabies vaccine]]. The patient is [[Joseph Meister]], a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; [[Sarah E. Goode]] is the first African-American woman to apply for and receive a [[patent]], for the invention of the hideaway bed.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; The Reservation at [[Niagara Falls]] opens, enabling access to all for free. [[Thomas Vincent Welch|Thomas V. Welch]] is the first Superintendent of the Park.
* [[July 16]] &ndash; [[BHP|BHP (Broken Hill Proprietary)]], a worldwide [[mining]] and [[natural gas]] producer is founded in [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Silverton |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/6088837 |access-date=8 February 2022 |work=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |date=30 July 1885 |location=Melbourne, Vic. |page=10}}</ref>
* [[July 20]] &ndash; [[The Football Association]] recognises professional players in England.
* [[July 28]] &ndash; [[Louis Riel]]'s trial for [[treason]] begins in [[Regina, Saskatchewan|Regina]].
* [[August 19]] &ndash; ''[[S Andromedae]]'', the only supernova seen in the [[Andromeda Galaxy]] so far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the [[Milky Way]], is discovered.
[[File:ZweiRadMuseumNSU Reitwagen.JPG|250px|right|thumb|The ''[[Daimler Reitwagen|Reitwagen]]'' (riding car), the first internal combustion motorcycle (1885)]]
* [[August 29]] &ndash; [[Gottlieb Daimler]] is granted a German patent for the [[Daimler Reitwagen]], regarded as the first [[motorcycle]], which he has produced with [[Wilhelm Maybach]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Classic motorcycles|first=Mark|last=Gardiner|publisher=MetroBooks|year=1997|isbn=1-56799-460-1|page=16}}</ref>
* [[September 2]] &ndash; The [[Rock Springs massacre]] occurs in [[Rock Springs, Wyoming]]; 150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and forcing several hundred more out of town.
* [[September 6]] &ndash; [[Eastern Rumelia]] declares its union with Bulgaria, completing the unification of Bulgaria.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; [[Saint Thomas Academy]] is founded in [[Minnesota]].
* [[September 12]] &ndash; [[Arbroath FC]] defeats [[Bon Accord FC]], [[Arbroath 36–0 Bon Accord|36-0, in the highest score ever in professional football]].
* [[September 15]] &ndash; A train wreck of the [[P. T. Barnum]] Circus kills giant elephant [[Jumbo]], at [[St. Thomas, Ontario]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; The union of [[Eastern Rumelia]] with [[Bulgaria]] is proclaimed at [[Plovdiv]].
* [[September 30]] &ndash; A British force abolishes the [[Boer]] republic of [[Stellaland]], and adds it to [[British Bechuanaland]].

=== October&ndash;December ===
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Millwall F.C.]] is founded by workers on the [[Isle of Dogs]] in London, as Millwall Rovers.
* [[October 12]] &ndash; The city of [[Fresno, California]], is incorporated.
* [[October 13]] &ndash; The [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] is established in [[Atlanta]] as the Georgia School of Technology.
* [[October 25]] &ndash; [[Symphony No. 4 (Brahms)]] is premiered in [[Meiningen]], Germany, with [[Johannes Brahms]] himself conducting it. 
* [[November]] &ndash; The [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] begins.
* [[November 7]] &ndash; [[Canadian Pacific Railway]]: In [[Craigellachie, British Columbia]], [[Last spike (Canadian Pacific Railway)|construction ends]] on a railway extending across Canada. Prime Minister [[John A. Macdonald]] considers the project to be vital to Canada, due to the exponentially greater potential for military mobility.
* [[November 14]]&ndash;[[November 28|28]] &ndash; [[Serbo-Bulgarian War]]: [[Serbia]] declares war against [[Bulgaria]], but is defeated in the [[Battle of Slivnitsa]] on [[November 17]]&ndash;[[November 19|19]].
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Louis Riel]], Canadian rebel leader of the [[Métis people (Canada)|Métis]], is executed for high [[treason]].
* [[December 1]] &ndash; The [[U.S. Patent Office]] acknowledges this date as the day [[Dr Pepper]] is served for the first time; the exact date of Dr. Pepper's invention is unknown.
* [[December 28]] &ndash; 72 Indian lawyers, academics and journalists gather in [[Bombay]] to form the [[Indian National Congress|Congress Party]].

=== Date unknown ===
[[File:1885Benz.jpg|thumb|200px|right| The [[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]], built in 1885]]
* [[Karl Benz]] produces the [[Benz Patent-Motorwagen]], regarded as the first [[automobile]] (patented and publicly launched the following year).<ref>{{cite book|last=Benz|first=Carl Friedrich|year=1925|title=Lebensfahrt eines deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen|location=Leipzig|publisher=Koehler & Amelang}}</ref>
* [[John Kemp Starley]] demonstrates the [[Rover Company|Rover]] [[safety bicycle]], regarded as the first practical modern bicycle.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/|work=Making the Modern World|title=Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle, 1885|publisher=[[Science Museum (London)]]|access-date=2011-06-27| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110522112647/http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/icons_of_invention/technology/1880-1939/IC.025/ |archive-date=May 22, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
* The [[Home Insurance Building]] in Chicago, designed by [[William Le Baron Jenney]], is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first [[skyscraper]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Home Insurance Building|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370|work=SkyscraperPage|access-date=2011-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629092831/http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=10370 |archive-date=June 29, 2011|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Bicycle Playing Cards]] are first produced.
* The [[Soldiers' and Sailors' Families Association]] is established in the United Kingdom, to provide charitable assistance.
* [[Camp Dudley]], the oldest continually running boys' camp in the United States, is founded.
* [[John Ormsby (translator)|John Ormsby]] publishes his new English translation of ''[[Don Quixote]]'', acclaimed as the most scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th century.
* [[Michigan Technological University]] (originally Michigan Mining School) opens its doors for the first time, in the future Houghton County Fire Hall.
* Chuo Law College, as predecessor of [[Chuo University]], founded in [[Kanda, Tokyo|Kanda]], [[Tokyo]], Japan.{{page needed|date=May 2020}}
* Before [[November 1]] – More than 24,000 Christians killed, 225 churches burnt, seventeen [[orphanage]]s and ten convents destroyed in [[Cochinchina]], now known as [[Vietnam]].<ref>{{cite news |title=24,346 Christians Massacred, Altogether, In Cochin-China |work=The Cornishman |issue=387 |date=17 December 1885 |page=8}}</ref>