Editing 1898 (section)

== Events ==
[[File:World 1898 empires colonies territory.png|thumb|1898 world map]]

=== January&ndash;March ===
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[New York City]] annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: [[Manhattan]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], [[The Bronx]] and [[Staten Island]].
* [[January 13]] &ndash; Novelist [[Émile Zola]]'s [[open letter]] to the President of the French Republic on the [[Dreyfus affair]], {{lang|la|[[J'Accuse…!]]}}, is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper {{lang|la|[[L'Aurore]]}}, accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning [[Alfred Dreyfus]] and of [[antisemitism]].
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of [[Brighton]] rolls out of control down a hill in [[Purley, London]], England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a [[public highway]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|series=Penguin Reference Library|publisher=Penguin|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[February 15]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|6}} explodes and sinks in [[Havana]] Harbor, [[Cuba]], for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' declaration of war on Spain, two months later.[[File:USS Maine h60255a.jpg|thumb|right|[[February 15]]: {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|6}} is sunk.]]
* [[February 23]] &ndash; [[Émile Zola]] is imprisoned in France, after writing {{lang|la|[[J'Accuse…!]]}}.
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[Vladimir Lenin]] creates the [[Russian Social Democratic Labour Party]] in [[Minsk]]
* [[March 14]] &ndash; [[Association football]] and sports club [[BSC Young Boys]] is established in [[Bern]], Switzerland, as the ''{{lang|la|Fussballclub}} Young Boys''.
* [[March 16]] &ndash; In [[Melbourne]] the representatives of five colonies adopt a [[Constitution of Australia|constitution]], which will become the basis of the [[Commonwealth of Australia]].<ref>{{cite book|first=J. A.|last=LaNauze|title=The Making of the Australian Constitution|publisher=Melbourne University Press|year=1972}}</ref>
* [[March 24]] &ndash; Robert Allison of [[Port Carbon, Pennsylvania]], becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile, when he buys a [[Winton automobile]] that has been advertised in ''[[Scientific American]]''.
* [[March 26]] &ndash; The [[Kruger National Park|Sabie Game Reserve]] in South Africa is created, as the first officially designated [[game reserve]].

=== April&ndash;June ===
* [[April 5]] &ndash; [[Annie Oakley]] promotes the service of women in combat situations, with the United States military. On this day, she writes a letter to President McKinley "offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should war break out with Spain."<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/research/recover/example-02.html The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107163518/https://www.archives.gov/research/recover/example-02.html |date=November 7, 2020 }}. "Letter to President [[William McKinley]] from Annie Oakley". Retrieved January 24, 2008.</ref> 
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The United States Navy begins a [[blockade]] of [[Cuba]]n ports and the {{USS|Nashville|PG-7|6}} captures a Spanish merchant ship.
* [[April 23]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: A conference of senior [[Spanish Navy]] officers led by naval minister [[Segismundo Bermejo]] decide to send Admiral [[Pascual Cervera]]'s squadron to Cuba and Puerto Rico.
* [[April 25]]
** [[Spanish–American War]]: The United States declares war on Spain; the [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] announces that a state of war has existed since [[April 21]] (later backdating this one more day to [[April 20]]).
** In [[Essen]], German company {{lang|la|italic=no|Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk}} [[RWE]] is founded.<ref>{{cite book|first=Camillo J.|last=Asriel|title=Das R.W.E., Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk A.-G., Essen a.d. Ruhr|language=de|publisher=Girsberger & Company|year=1930|page=1}}</ref>
* [[April 26]] &ndash; An explosion in [[Santa Cruz, California]], kills 13 workers, at the [[California Powder Works]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The California Powder Works|work=Santa Cruz Public Library Local History Articles|url=http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/11/|access-date=2011-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626002035/http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/11/|archive-date=June 26, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[April 29]] &ndash; The [[Paris Auto Show]], the first large-scale [[Vehicle|commercial vehicle exhibition show]], is held in [[Tuileries Garden]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Authority |first=International Driving |title=Paris Motor Show |url=https://idaoffice.org/posts/paris-motor-show-en/ |access-date=2024-07-02 |website=International Driving Authority |language=en}}</ref>
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Manila Bay]]: [[George Dewey|Commodore Dewey]] destroys the Spanish squadron, in the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign.
* [[May 2]] &ndash; Thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens seeking reforms protest in front of the [[capital control]] [[Chinese yuan|yuan]].
* [[May 7]]&ndash;[[May 9|9]] &ndash; [[Bava Beccaris massacre]]: Hundreds of demonstrators are killed, when General [[Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris]] orders troops to fire on a rally in [[Milan]], Italy.
* [[May 8]] &ndash; The first games of the [[Italian Football Federation]] are played, in which [[Genoa C.F.C.|Genoa]] played against [[R.S. Ginnastica Torino|Torino]].
* [[May 12]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The [[Puerto Rican Campaign]] begins, with the [[Bombardment of San Juan]].
* [[May 22]] &ndash; The German Federation football club [[SV Darmstadt 98]] is formed.
* [[May 27]] &ndash; The territory of [[Guangzhouwan|Kwang-Chou-Wan]] is leased by China to France, according to the Treaty of 12 April 1892, as the {{lang|la|Territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan}}, forming part of [[French Indochina]].<ref>{{cite journal|first=A.|last=Choveaux|title=Situation économique du territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan en 1923|journal=[[Annales de Géographie]]|volume=34|issue=187|pages=74–77|year=1925|doi=10.3406/geo.1925.8102}}</ref>
* [[May 28]] &ndash; [[Secondo Pia]] takes the first photographs of the [[Shroud of Turin]] and discovers that the image on the Shroud itself appears to be a [[negative (photography)|photographic negative]].[[File:Philippines Flag Original.svg|thumb|The original flag of the Philippines as conceived by General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]]. The blue is of a lighter shade than the currently mandated royal blue, the sun has eight points as currently but many more rays and it has a mythical face.]]
* [[June 1]] &ndash; The [[Trans-Mississippi Exposition]] [[world's fair|World's Fair]] opens, in [[Omaha, Nebraska]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[William Ramsay]] and [[Morris Travers]] discover [[neon]] at their laboratory at [[University College London]], after extracting it from liquid nitrogen.<ref>{{cite book|first=Christoph|last=Ribbat|title=Flickering Light: A History of Neon|publisher=Reaktion Books|year=2011|page=23}}</ref>
* [[June 9]] &ndash; The British government arranges a [[Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory|99-year rent]] of Hong Kong from China.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Tuone Udaina]], the last known speaker of the [[Dalmatian language]], is killed in an explosion.
* [[June 11]] &ndash; The [[Guangxu Emperor]] announces the creation of what would later become [[Peking University]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=[Peking University Landmark] Peking University Hall |url=https://english.pku.edu.cn/news_events/news/campus/8372.html |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=english.pku.edu.cn}}</ref><ref>Harry Edward King. 1911. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CHINA AS RECENTLY RECONSTRUCTED. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542944.pdf</ref>
* [[June 12]] &ndash; [[Philippine Declaration of Independence]]: After 333 years of Spanish dominance, General [[Emilio Aguinaldo]] declares the [[Philippines]]' independence from Spain.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; [[Yukon|Yukon Territory]] is formed in Canada, with [[Dawson City|Dawson]] chosen as its capital.
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Food processing]] giant [[Nabisco]] is founded in [[New Jersey]].{{page needed|date=May 2020}}
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The United States [[Capture of Guam|captures Guam]], making it the first U.S. [[Overseas expansion of the United States|overseas territory]].
* [[June 28]] &ndash; Effective date of the [[Curtis Act of 1898]] which will lead to the dissolution of tribal and communal lands in Indian Territory and ultimately the creation of the State of [[Oklahoma]] in 1907.

=== July&ndash;September ===
[[File:Pepsi Cola logo 1940.svg|thumb|140px|August 28: [[Caleb Bradham]] names his soft drink  [[Pepsi-Cola]]]]
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: [[Battle of San Juan Hill]] &ndash; United States troops (including [[Buffalo Soldier]]s and [[Theodore Roosevelt]]'s [[Rough Riders]]) take a strategic position close to [[Santiago de Cuba]] from the Spanish.
* [[July 3]]
** [[Spanish–American War]]: [[Battle of Santiago de Cuba]] &ndash; The [[United States Navy]] destroys the [[Spanish Navy]]'s Caribbean Squadron.
** American adventurer [[Joshua Slocum]] completes a 3-year solo [[circumnavigation]] of the world.
* [[July 4]] &ndash; En route from New York to [[Le Havre]], the ocean liner {{SS|La Bourgogne}} collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of [[Sable Island]] with the loss of 549 lives.
* [[July 7]] &ndash; The United States annexes the [[Hawaii|Hawaiian Islands]].
* [[July 17]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: Battle of Santiago Bay. Troops under United States General [[William R. Shafter]] take the city of [[Santiago de Cuba]] from the Spanish.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; "The Adventures of [[Louis de Rougemont]]" first appear in ''[[The Wide World Magazine]]'', as its August 1898 issue goes on sale.<ref>{{cite book|first=Linda|last=Stratmann|title=Fraudsters and Charlatans: A Peek at Some of History's Greatest Rogues|publisher=The History Press|location=Stroud|year=2010}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: The United States invasion of [[Puerto Rico]] begins, with a landing at [[Guánica, Puerto Rico|Guánica Bay]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba.
* [[August 13]] &ndash; [[Spanish–American War]]: [[Battle of Manila (1898)|Battle of Manila]] &ndash; By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of [[Manila]] to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending hostilities in the Philippines.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; The [[Gornergrat railway]] opens, connecting [[Zermatt]] to the [[Gornergrat]] in Switzerland.
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama]] is founded in [[Rio de Janeiro]].
* [[August 23]] &ndash; The [[Southern Cross Expedition]], the first British venture of the [[Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration]], sets sail from London.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes sign the [[Atoka Agreement]], a requirement of the [[Curtis Act of 1898]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in [[Heraklion|Heraklion, Greece]], leading to the establishment of the autonomous [[Cretan State]].
* [[August 28]] &ndash; American pharmacist [[Caleb Bradham]] names his soft drink ''[[Pepsi-Cola]]''.
* [[September 2]] &ndash; [[Battle of Omdurman]] ([[Mahdist War]]): British and Egyptian troops led by [[Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener of Khartoum|Horatio Kitchener]] defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the [[Sudan]]. 11,000 Sudanese are killed and 1,600 wounded in the battle.<ref>{{cite book|first=A. Adu|last=Boahen|title=African Perspectives on Colonialism|location=Baltimore, Md|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=1987|isbn=9780801839313|page=48}}</ref>
* [[September 10]] &ndash; Italian anarchist [[Luigi Lucheni]] assassinates [[Empress Elisabeth of Austria]] in Geneva, as an act of [[propaganda of the deed]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; [[Fashoda Incident]]: A powerful [[flotilla]] of British [[gunboat]]s arrives at the French-occupied fort of [[Fashoda]] on the [[White Nile]], leading to a diplomatic stalemate, until French troops are ordered to withdraw on [[November 3]].
* [[September 21]]
** [[Empress Dowager Cixi]] of China engineers a [[coup d'état]], marking the end of the [[Hundred Days' Reform]]; the [[Guangxu Emperor]] is arrested.
** [[Geert Adriaans Boomgaard]] of [[Groningen]] in the Netherlands becomes the world's first validated [[supercentenarian]].

===October&ndash;December===
* [[October 1]] &ndash; The [[Vienna University of Economics and Business]] is founded, under the name {{lang|la|[[Imperial and royal|K.u.K.]] Exportakademie}}.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Battle of Sugar Point]]: Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U.S. government troops, in northern [[Minnesota]].
* [[October 6]] &ndash; The Sinfonia Club, later to become the [[Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia]] fraternity, is founded at the [[New England Conservatory of Music]] in [[Boston]] by [[Ossian Everett Mills]].
* [[October 15]] &ndash; The [[Fork Union Military Academy]] is founded, in [[Fork Union, Virginia]].<ref>{{cite book|first=John S.|last=Salmon|title=A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers|publisher=University of Virginia Press|year=1994|page=48}}</ref>
* [[October 31]] &ndash; The [[Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem]], is dedicated.
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Negros Revolution]]: Filipinos on the island of [[Negros (Philippines)|Negros]] revolt against [[Spanish East Indies|Spanish rule]] and establish the short-lived [[Republic of Negros]].
* [[November 10]] &ndash; The [[Wilmington insurrection of 1898]], a coup d'état by the white Democratic Party of North Carolina, begins.
* [[November 26]] &ndash; A two-day blizzard known as the [[Portland Gale]] piles snow in [[Boston]], severely impacting the [[Massachusetts]] fishing industry and several coastal [[New England]] towns.
* [[December 9]] &ndash; The first of the two [[Tsavo Man-Eaters]] is shot by [[John Henry Patterson (author)|John Henry Patterson]]; the second is killed 3 weeks later, after 135 railway construction workers have been killed by the lions.
* [[December 10]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1898)|Treaty of Paris]] is signed, ending the [[Spanish–American War]].
* [[December 18]] &ndash; [[Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat]] sets the first official [[land speed record]] in an automobile, averaging {{cvt|63.15|km/h}} over {{cvt|1|km}} in France.
* [[December 26]] &ndash; [[Marie Curie|Marie]] and [[Pierre Curie]] announce the discovery of an element that they name ''[[radium]]''.
* [[December 29]] &ndash; [[Moscow Art Theatre production of The Seagull|The Moscow Art Theatre production of ''The Seagull'']] by [[Anton Chekhov]] opens.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benedetti|first=Jean|year=1999|title=Stanislavski: His Life and Art|edition=Revised|location=London|publisher=Methuen|isbn=0-413-52520-1}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] &ndash; French serial killer [[Joseph Vacher]] is executed at [[Bourg-en-Bresse]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/8353205/The-forensic-mind-of-the-original-Dr-Death.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/8353205/The-forensic-mind-of-the-original-Dr-Death.html |archive-date=January 12, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=The forensic mind of the original Dr Death|first=Liz|last=Hunt|date=March 1, 2011|work=The Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== Unknown dates ===
* The first volume of the [[Linguistic Survey of India]] is published in [[Calcutta]].