Editing 1911 (section)

== Events ==
=== January ===
{{Main|January 1911}}
[[File:Siege of Sidney Street – Churchill.jpg|thumb|right|[[January 3]]: [[Siege of Sidney Street]] in London]]
* [[January 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; A decade after federation, the [[Northern Territory]] and the [[Australian Capital Territory]] are added to the Commonwealth of Australia.
* [[January 3]]
** [[1911 Kebin earthquake]]: An earthquake of 7.7 [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] strikes near [[Almaty]] in [[Russian Turkestan]], killing 450 or more people.<ref>{{cite news|title=Thousands Dead Or Hurt In Earthquake|work=[[Pittsburgh Press]]|date=1911-01-05|page=1}}</ref>
** [[Siege of Sidney Street]] in London: Two [[Latvian people|Latvian]] anarchists die, after a seven-hour siege against a combined police and military force. [[Home Secretary]] [[Winston Churchill]] arrives to oversee events.
* [[January 4]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions|Amundsen and Scott expeditions]]: [[Robert Falcon Scott]]'s British [[Terra Nova Expedition|''Terra Nova'' Expedition]] to the South Pole arrives in the Antarctic and establishes a base camp at [[Cape Evans]] on [[Ross Island]].
* [[January 5]]&nbsp;&ndash; Egypt's [[Zamalek SC]] is founded as a general sports and Association football club by Belgian lawyer [[George Merzbach]] as Qasr El Nile Club.
* [[January 14]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions|Amundsen and Scott expeditions]]: [[Roald Amundsen]]'s Norwegian South Pole expedition arrives in the Antarctic and establishes a base camp at the [[Bay of Whales]] on the eastern edge of the [[Ross Ice Shelf]].
* [[January 18]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Eugene B. Ely]] lands on the deck of the [[USS Pennsylvania (ACR-4)|USS ''Pennsylvania'']] stationed in [[San Francisco]] harbor, the first time an aircraft has landed on a ship.
* [[January 26]]&nbsp;&ndash; The United States and Canada announce the successful negotiation of their first reciprocal trade agreement.
* First [[Monte Carlo Rally]] inaugurated.

=== February ===
{{Main|February 1911}}
* [[February 5]]
** The [[Missouri State Capitol]] building in [[Jefferson City, Missouri]] is destroyed by fire after a bolt of lightning strikes the dome.
** The revolution in [[Haiti]] is suppressed after the leader, General Montreuil Guillaume, is captured by government troops and shot. General Millionard is executed two days later.<ref name="AROR March 1911">{{cite journal|title=Record of Current Events|journal=The American Monthly Review of Reviews|date=March 1911|pages=287–290}}</ref>
* [[February 17]]&nbsp;&ndash; The first "quasi-official" airmail flight occurs, when Fred Wiseman carries three letters between [[Petaluma]] and [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]], California.
* [[February 18]]
** The first official air mail flight, second overall, takes place in British India from [[Allahabad]] to [[Naini]] when [[Henri Pequet]] carries 6,500 letters a distance of 13&nbsp;km.
** A serious earthquake causes a landslide that creates [[Lake Sarez]] in modern-day [[Tajikistan]].

=== March ===
{{Main|March 1911}}
* [[March 19]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[International Women's Day]] is celebrated for the first time across Europe.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Temma|last=Kaplan|title=On the Socialist Origins of International Women's Day|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=11|issue=1|date=Spring 1985|pages=163–171|doi=10.2307/3180144|jstor=3180144}}</ref>
* [[March 25]]&nbsp;&ndash; The [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]] in New York City kills 146 people.
* [[March 29]]&nbsp;&ndash; The United States Army adopts a new service pistol, the [[M1911]], designed by [[John Browning]] (it remains the U.S. service pistol for 74 years).

=== April ===
{{Main|April 1911}}
* [[April 3]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Jean Sibelius]] conducts the première of his [[Symphony No. 4 (Sibelius)|Symphony No. 4]], in [[Helsinki]].
* [[April 8]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]] discovers [[superconductivity]]; he presents his findings on [[April 28]].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=van Delft, D.|author2=Kes, P.|title=The discovery of superconductivity|journal=Physics Today|volume=63|issue=9|date=September 2010|pages=38–43|doi=10.1063/1.3490499|bibcode=2010PhT....63i..38V|doi-access=free}}</ref>
* [[April 13]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: Rebels take [[Agua Prieta]] on the [[Sonora]]–[[Arizona]] border; government troops take the town back [[April 17]], when the rebel leader "Red" López gets drunk.
* [[April 18]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{SS|Lusitania}}, a 5,557-ton [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] passenger liner en route from [[Mozambique]] to [[Lisbon]], strikes Bellows Rock just off [[Cape Point]] and sinks.
* [[April 19]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Francisco I. Madero]]'s troops besiege [[Ciudad Juárez]], but General Juan J. Navarro refuses his surrender demand.
* [[April 22]]&nbsp;&ndash; A passenger train from [[Port Alfred]] to [[Grahamstown]], South Africa derails on the Blaauwkrantz Bridge, and plunges into the ravine {{convert|200|ft|m|0|abbr=off}} below, killing 31 and seriously injuring 23.<ref name="Holland 1">{{Holland-Vol 1|pages=80–83}}</ref><ref name="SAR History">{{cite book|title=The South African Railways&nbsp;– Historical Survey|editor=Hart, George|publisher=Bill Hart; sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd|date=c. 1978|page=24}}</ref>
* [[April 26]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[HŠK Građanski Zagreb]] (predecessor of [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb]]), a Croatian Association football club, is founded in [[Zagreb]].
* [[April 27]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Huanghuagang Uprising]]: In China, rebels take five villages in an attempt to create a power base to fight Imperial rule; those who die are remembered as "The 72 Martyrs" (the event is also called the "Second Guangzhou Uprising" and the "Yellow Flower Mound Revolt").

=== May ===
{{Main|May 1911}}
* [[May 8]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Pancho Villa]] launches an attack against government troops in [[Ciudad Juárez]] without Madero's permission; the government troops surrender on [[May 10]].
* [[May 13]]&ndash;[[May 15|15]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Torreón massacre]]&nbsp;&ndash; Over 300 [[Chinese people|Chinese]] residents are massacred by the revolutionary forces of [[Francisco I. Madero]], in the Mexican city of [[Torreón]].
* [[May 15]]&nbsp;&ndash;[[Standard Oil]] is dissolved by the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] into 34 separate oil companies including [[ExxonMobil|Exxon]], [[Mobil]], [[ChevronTexaco|Chevron]], [[Texaco Company|Texaco]], and others due to violation of the [[Sherman Anti-Trust Act]]
* [[May 17]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Porfirio Díaz]] is convinced to resign, but does not do so yet.
* [[May 21]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: In [[Ciudad Juárez]], a peace treaty is signed between Madero's rebels and government troops.
* [[May 24]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: Government troops fire at anti-Diaz demonstrators in Mexico City, killing about 200 (officials claim only 40).
* [[May 25]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Porfirio Díaz]] signs his resignation and leaves for [[Veracruz]]; on [[May 31]] he leaves for exile in France.
* [[May 30]]&nbsp;&ndash; The first [[Indianapolis 500]] automobile race is held in the United States, won by [[Ray Harroun]] at an average speed of 74.59 miles per hour.
* [[May 31]]&nbsp;&ndash; The hull of the {{RMS|Titanic}} is launched in [[Belfast]], on the same day {{RMS|Olympic}} starts her sea trials.

=== June ===
{{Main|June 1911}}
* [[June 7]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Francisco Madero]] arrives in Mexico City, just after the [[1911 Michoacán earthquake]].
* [[June 14]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{RMS|Olympic}} departs Southampton, England, for her maiden voyage, with a first call at Cherbourg, France.
* [[June 15]]&nbsp;&ndash; RMS ''Olympic'' arrives in [[Cobh|Queenstown]], Ireland, to discharge and take up passengers.
* [[June 21]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{RMS|Olympic}} arrives in New York at the end of her maiden voyage. She proceeds to her quarantine station off Staten Island, which she leaves at 7:45&nbsp;a.m., and is saluted on her way up [[New York Harbor]] by all kinds of craft as she steams to Pier 59 in the North River. With the assistance of twelve tugs, ''Olympic'' is safely moored at 10 a.m.
* [[June 22]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Mary]] are crowned [[King and Queen of the United Kingdom]] and the [[British Dominions]], at [[Westminster Abbey]] in London.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Range |first1=Matthias |title=Music and Ceremonial at British Coronations: From James I to Elizabeth II |date=23 August 2012 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-02344-4 |page=239 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CzmgJGWpDKUC&pg=PA239 |language=en |access-date=March 18, 2023 |archive-date=April 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418141117/https://books.google.com/books?id=CzmgJGWpDKUC&pg=PA239 |url-status=live }}</ref> Moored at Pier 59 of New York Harbor, {{RMS|Olympic}} is decorated for the occasion.
* [[June 23]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Frank C. Mars]] starts the Mars Candy Factory in [[Tacoma, Washington]], origin of [[Mars, Incorporated]], the global [[confectionery]] and pet food brand.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mars.com/global/about-us/history|title=History in the Making|publisher=Mars Inc.|access-date=2020-07-07|archive-date=November 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118221101/http://www.mars.com/global/about-us/history|url-status=live}}</ref>

* [[June 28]]
** {{RMS|Olympic}} departs New York for her maiden eastbound voyage home to Southampton, England.
** The [[Nakhla meteorite]] falls in the [[Abu Hummus]] region of [[Egypt]], providing evidence of [[water on Mars]].
* [[June]]&nbsp;&ndash; The [[Sixth Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance]] is held in Stockholm, Sweden.

=== July ===
{{Main|July 1911}}
[[File:Sunset across Machu Picchu.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=A| [[July 24]]: [[Machu Picchu]] rediscovered]]
* [[July 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; The presence of the German warship {{SMS|Panther|1901|2}} in the Moroccan port of [[Agadir]] triggers the [[Agadir Crisis]].
* [[July 4]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{RMS|Olympic}}, having crossed the Atlantic, discharges passengers and mail off Plymouth, England.
* [[July 5]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{RMS|Olympic}} arrives in Southampton, England, ending her maiden eastbound voyage from New York.
* [[July 24]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Hiram Bingham III|Hiram Bingham]] rediscovers [[Machu Picchu]] in [[Peru]].
* [[July 25]]&nbsp;&ndash; Headington Football Club merge with Headington Quarry to create Headington United, which much later becomes [[Oxford United F.C.]] in England.
* [[July 28]]&nbsp;&ndash; The [[Australasian Antarctic Expedition]] begins as the [[SY Aurora|SY ''Aurora'']] departs [[London]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bryan|first=R.|date=2011|title=Ordeal by Ice: Ships of the Antarctic|location=Dobbs Ferry|publisher=Sheridan House|isbn=978-1-57409-312-4|page=269}}</ref>

=== August ===
{{Main|August 1911}}
* [[August 17]]–[[August 20|20]]&nbsp;&ndash; Britain's [[National Railway strike of 1911]], its first national strike of railway workers; on August 19 it leads to the [[Llanelli riots of 1911|Llanelli riots]] in Wales which result in 6 deaths.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/waleshistory/2011/08/llanelli_railway_riots_1911.html|publisher=BBC Wales|title=The Llanelli railway riots of 1911|access-date=7 September 2020|archive-date=November 26, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126062932/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/waleshistory/2011/08/llanelli_railway_riots_1911.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[August 21]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Leonardo da Vinci]]'s ''[[Mona Lisa]]'' is stolen from the [[Louvre]] museum in Paris by [[Vincenzo Peruggia]]; the painting is returned in 1913.
* [[August 27]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[CSKA Moscow]], a professional multi-sports club in [[Russia]], is officially founded.<ref>{{cite book|title=Football Dynamo: Modern Russia and the People's Game|isbn=978-0-753-51571-6|page=50|last1=Bennetts|first1=Marc|date=March 5, 2009|publisher=Virgin Books }}</ref>
*[[August 29]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Ishi]], the last unassimilated [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] in the U.S. using [[stone tools]], emerges from hiding near Oroville, California.

=== September ===
{{Main|September 1911}}
* [[September 18]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Pyotr Stolypin]], 3rd Prime Minister of the [[Russian Empire]] is assassinated in [[Kiev]] by Leftist revolutionary [[Dmitry Bogrov]] and is succeeded by Count [[Vadimir Kokovtsov]] 
* [[September 20]]&nbsp;&ndash; {{RMS|Olympic}} collides with [[HMS Hawke (1891)|HMS ''Hawke'']] in [[The Solent]], causing considerable damage to both ships.
* [[September 25]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[French battleship Liberté|French battleship ''Liberté'']] explodes at anchor in [[Toulon]], France, killing around 300 onboard and in the surrounding area.
* [[September 29]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] declares [[Italo-Turkish War|war]] on the [[Ottoman Empire]].

=== October ===
{{Main|October 1911}}
* [[October 4]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Qing dynasty|China]] adopts "[[Cup of Solid Gold]]" as its first national anthem. However, it is never performed publicly and is replaced a few months later with a new composition.
* [[October 7]]&nbsp;&ndash; Liberal leader [[Karl Staaff]] returns as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] after a Riksdag election victory based on the promises of defense cuts and social reforms.
* [[October 10]]&nbsp;&ndash; The [[Wuchang Uprising]] starts the [[Xinhai Revolution]] that leads to the founding of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]].
* [[October 16]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Mexican Revolution]]: [[Félix Díaz (politician)|Felix Diaz]], nephew of [[Porfirio Díaz]], occupies the port of [[Veracruz]], as a sign of rebellion against Madero.
* [[October 20]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions|Amundsen and Scott expeditions]]: [[Amundsen]]'s expedition sets out for the South Pole from his base camp.
* [[October 26]]&nbsp;&ndash; In American baseball, the [[Philadelphia Athletics]] defeat the [[New York Giants]], 13–2, to win the [[1911 World Series]] in 6 games. The game is tied 1–1 after three innings, but with four runs in the fourth, and seven runs in the seventh, the A's demolish the Giants. The most unusual play of the game is an [[inside-the-park home run]] made by the A's Jack Barry, on a [[Bunt (baseball)|bunt]].

=== November ===
{{Main|November 1911}}
* [[November 1]]
** The world's first combat aerial bombing mission takes place in Libya, during the [[Italo-Turkish War]]. Second Lieutenant [[Giulio Gavotti]] of [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] drops several small bombs.
** [[Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions|Amundsen and Scott expeditions]]: Capt. Scott's [[Terra Nova Expedition|''Terra Nova'' Expedition]] sets out for the South Pole from his base camp.
* [[November 3]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Chevrolet]] officially enters the automobile market in the United States, in competition with the Ford Model T.
* [[November 4]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Morocco–Congo Treaty]] brings the Agadir Crisis to a close. This treaty leads Morocco to be split between France (as a protectorate) and Spain (as the colony of Spanish Sahara), with Germany forfeiting all claims to Morocco. In return, France gives Germany a portion of the French Congo (as Kamerun) and Germany cedes some of German Kamerun to France (as Chad).
* [[November 5]]&nbsp;&ndash; Italy annexes [[Italian Tripolitania|Tripoli]] and [[Italian Cyrenaica|Cyrenaica]] (confirmed by an act of the Italian Parliament on [[February 25]], [[1912]]).
* [[November 17]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Omega Psi Phi]] fraternity is founded on the campus of Howard University, in Washington, D.C.

=== December ===
{{Main|December 1911}}
[[File:Aan de Zuidpool - p1913-160.jpg|thumb|[[December 14]]: [[Roald Amundsen]] reaches the [[South Pole]]]]
[[File:Franz Marc Blaues Pferd 1911.jpg|thumb|100px|[[December 18]]: [[Franz Marc]], ''Blaues Pferd I'']]
* [[December 1]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Outer Mongolia]], the predecessor of modern-day [[Mongolia]], is declared independent from the [[Qing dynasty|Chinese Empire]].
* [[December 2]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Australasian Antarctic Expedition]] sets sail from [[Hobart]].
* [[December 9]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Cross Mountain Mine disaster]]: A coal mine explosion near [[Briceville, Tennessee]] kills 84 miners, despite rescue efforts led by the [[United States Bureau of Mines]].
* [[December 12]]&nbsp;&ndash; The [[Delhi Durbar#Durbar of 1911|Delhi Durbar]] is held to mark the coronation of [[George V]] and [[Mary of Teck|Queen Mary]] as [[Emperor of India|Emperor]] and Empress of India, and the transfer of the capital of [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]] from [[Calcutta]] to [[Delhi]].
* [[December 14]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Comparison of the Amundsen and Scott expeditions|Amundsen and Scott expeditions]]: [[Roald Amundsen]]'s Norwegian expedition reaches the geographical [[South Pole]], 34 days ahead of Capt. Scott. News of Amundsen's success will not reach the outside world until next March.
* [[December 18]]&nbsp;&ndash; The first exhibition by [[Der Blaue Reiter]] group of painters opens in [[Munich]].
* [[December 18]]–[[December 28|28]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[George V's 1911 hunting trip in Nepal]].
* [[December 24]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Lackawanna Cut-Off]] railway line opens in [[New Jersey]] and [[Pennsylvania]].
* [[December 29]]&nbsp;&ndash; [[Sun Yat-sen]] is elected Provisional President of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]].

=== Date unknown ===
* The [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition]] is published under American management in England, by [[Cambridge University Press]].
* New Zealand-born British physicist [[Ernest Rutherford]] deduces the existence of a compact [[atomic nucleus]] from experiments involving [[Rutherford scattering]], proposing the [[Rutherford model]] of the [[atom]].
* The first suffrage organisation in Romania, ''[[Liga Drepturile si Datoriile Femeii]]'', is founded.
* The [[Air Intelligence of Russia|Air Intelligence branch of Russia's Airforce]] is created.