Editing 1918 (section)

== Events ==
[[World War I]] will be abbreviated as "WWI"
[[File:Nepriklausomybes aktas.gif|thumb|[[February 16]]: The [[Act of Independence of Lithuania]]]]

=== January ===
{{main|January 1918}}
* [[January]] – [[1918 flu pandemic]]: The "Spanish flu" ([[influenza]]) is first observed in [[Haskell County, Kansas]].<ref name=Barry>{{cite book|author-link=John M. Barry|first=John M.|last=Barry|title=The Great Influenza; The Story of the Deadliest Pandemic in History|location=New York|publisher=Penguin Books|year=2005|isbn=978-0143036494|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/greatinfluenzaep00barr}}</ref>
* [[January 4]] – The [[Finnish Declaration of Independence]] is recognized by [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]], [[Sweden]], [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[France]].
* [[January 8]] – American president [[Woodrow Wilson]] presents the [[Fourteen Points]] as a basis for peace negotiations to end the war.
* [[January 9]] – [[Battle of Bear Valley]]: U.S. troops engage [[Yaqui people|Yaqui]] Native American warriors in a minor skirmish in Arizona.  This is one of the last battles of the [[American Indian Wars]] between the United States and Native Americans.
* [[January 15]]
** The [[keel]] of {{HMS|Hermes|95|6}} is laid in Britain, the first purpose-designed [[aircraft carrier]] to be laid down.
** The [[Red Army]] (The Workers and Peasants Red Army) is formed in the [[Russian SFSR]] and [[Soviet Union]].
* [[January 18]] – The Historic Concert for the Benefit of Widows and Orphans of Austrian and Hungarian Soldiers is held at the [[Konzerthaus, Vienna]].<ref>{{Cite web
| title = Historical Concert for the Benefit of Widows and Orphans
| work = World Digital Library
| access-date = 2014-06-22
| date = 2014-02-10
| url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/4585/#languages=deu&page=5
}}</ref>
* [[January 19]] – The [[Russian Constituent Assembly]] proclaims the [[Russian Democratic Federative Republic]] but is dissolved by the Bolshevik government on the same day.
* [[January 22]] – The [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] [[Fourth Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council|declares independence]] from [[Bolshevik]] [[Russian SFSR|Russia]].
* [[January 25]] – The [[Third All-Russian Congress of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants Deputies' Soviets|Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets]] establishes the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic]].
* [[January 27]] – The [[Finnish Civil War]] begins with the [[Battle of Kämärä]].
* [[January 28]] – [[Porvenir massacre (1918)|Porvenir massacre]]: [[Texas Ranger Division|Texas Rangers]], U.S. Cavalry soldiers and local ranchers kill 15 unarmed Mexican villagers, both men and boys.

=== February ===
{{main|February 1918}}
* [[February 1]] – [[Cattaro Mutiny]]: Austrian sailors in the Gulf of Cattaro (Kotor), led by two Czech Socialists, mutiny.
* [[February 3]] – [[Battle of Oulu]]
* [[February 5]] – The {{SS|Tuscania|1914|6}} is torpedoed off the Irish coast; it is the first ship carrying American troops to Europe to be torpedoed and sunk.
[[File:Declaration of Estonian independence in Pärnu.jpg|thumb|[[February 23]]: [[Estonian Declaration of Independence]] ]]
* [[February 6]] – [[Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom]]: [[Representation of the People Act 1918|Representation of the People Act]] gives most women over 30 the vote.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=0-14-102715-0|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[February 10]] – Deposed Sultan of the Ottoman Empire [[Abdul Hamid II]] dies in [[Istanbul]].
* [[February 13]] – A [[1918 Shantou earthquake|magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.2 earthquake]] shakes the Chinese city of [[Shantou]] leaving 1,000 dead and causing a moderate tsunami.<ref name=Engdahl>{{cite book|title=International Handbook of Earthquake & Engineering Seismology |series=Part A, Volume 81A |chapter=Global seismicity: 1900–1999 |first1=E. R. |last1=Engdahl |first2=A. |last2=Vallaseñor |year=2002 |chapter-url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/centennial/centennial.pdf |publisher=[[Academic Press]] |edition=First |isbn=978-0124406520 |page=674 }}</ref>
* [[February 14]] – [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]] switches from the [[Julian calendar]] to the [[Gregorian calendar]]; the date skips from [[January 31]] to [[February 14]].
* [[February 16]] – The [[Council of Lithuania]] adopts the [[Act of Independence of Lithuania]], declaring Lithuania's independence from Germany, Russia or any other state.
* [[February 18]] – [[Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes]] in [[Balochistan]] by British authorities begin.
* [[February 19]] – WWI: The [[Capture of Jericho]] by the [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] begins the [[British occupation of the Jordan Valley]].
* [[February 19]]–[[February 25|25]] – WWI: The [[Imperial Russian Navy]] evacuates [[Tallinn]] [[Ice Cruise of the Baltic Fleet|through thick ice]], over the [[Gulf of Finland]].
* [[February 23]] – [[Estonian Declaration of Independence]] from [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]], after seven centuries of foreign rule; German forces capture [[Tallinn]] the following day.

=== March ===
{{main|March 1918}}
* [[March 1]] – WWI: German submarine {{SMU|U-19|Germany|2}} sinks {{HMS|Calgarian|1913|6}} off [[Rathlin Island]], Northern Ireland.
* [[March 3]] – WWI: The [[Central Powers]] and [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Bolshevist Russia]] sign the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russia–Central Powers)|Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], ending Russia's involvement in the war.
* [[March 6]]
** The Finnish Army Corps of Aviation is founded as a forerunner of the [[Finnish Air Force]] (established on 4 May [[1928]]). The blue [[swastika]] is adopted as its symbol, as a tribute to the Swedish explorer and aviator [[Eric von Rosen]], who donated the first plane. Von Rosen had painted the Viking symbol on the plane as his personal lucky insignia.<ref>{{cite book| last = Shores | first = Christopher | title = Finnish Air Force, 1918–1968 | location = Reading, Berkshire, UK | publisher = Osprey Publications Ltd. | year=1969 | isbn = 978-0668021210|page=3}}</ref>
** The first pilotless drone, the [[Hewitt-Sperry Automatic Airplane]] developed by [[Elmer Ambrose Sperry]] and [[Peter Cooper Hewitt]], is test-flown in [[Long Island, New York]], but development is scrapped in [[1925]], after its guidance system proves unreliable.
* [[March 7]] – WWI: [[Finland]] forms an alliance with Germany.
* [[March 8]] – WWI: The [[Battle of Tell 'Asur]] is launched by units of the [[British Army]]'s [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] against Ottoman defences from the [[Mediterranean Sea]], across the [[Judaean Mountains]] to the edge of the Jordan Valley; it ends on [[March 12]], with the move of much of the front line north into Ottoman territory.
* [[March 12]] – [[Moscow]] becomes the capital of Soviet Russia.
* [[March 15]] – [[Finnish Civil War]]: The [[battle of Tampere]] begins.<ref name="tampere">[https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/100_years_ago_today_reds_take_tampere_finnish_civil_war_begins/10044586 100 years ago today: Reds take Tampere, Finnish Civil War begins] – ''[[Yle News]]'', January 27, 2018. Retrieved October 6, 2021.</ref>
* [[March 19]] – The [[United States Congress]] establishes [[time zone]]s, and approves [[daylight saving time]] (DST goes into effect on [[March 31]]).
* [[March 21]]–[[July 18]] – WWI: The [[German spring offensive|Spring Offensive]] by the [[German Empire|German]] Army along the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] fails to make a breakthrough, despite large losses on each side, including nearly 20,000 British Army dead on the first day, [[Operation Michael]], on the Somme.
* [[March 21]] – WWI: The [[First Transjordan attack on Amman]] by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force begins, with the passage of the Jordan River.
* [[March 23]]
** WWI: The giant German cannon, the '[[Paris Gun]]' (''Kaiser Wilhelm Geschütz''), begins to shell Paris from {{convert|114|km|mi|abbr=on}} away.
** In London at the [[Wood Green]] Empire, [[Chung Ling Soo]] (William E. Robinson, U.S.-born magician) dies during his trick, where he is supposed to "[[Bullet catch|catch]]" two separate bullets (but one of them perforates his lung). He dies the following morning in a hospital.
* [[March 25]]
** The [[Belarusian People's Republic]] declares independence.
** [[Karl Muck]], music director of the [[Boston Symphony Orchestra]], is arrested under the [[Alien Enemies Act]], and imprisoned for the duration of WWI.
* [[March 26]] – [[Marie Stopes]] publishes her influential book ''[[Married Love]]'' in the U.K.
* [[March 27]] – WWI: The [[First Battle of Amman]] is launched by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, during the First Transjordan attack on Amman; it ends with their withdrawal on [[31 March]], back to the Jordan Valley.
* [[March 30]] – [[March Days]]: [[Bolshevik]] and [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] forces suppress a Muslim revolt in [[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]], resulting in up to 30,000 deaths.

=== April ===
{{main|April 1918}}
[[File:Lady_Duff_Gordon_styles_sketched_by_Marguerite_Martyn,_1918.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Styles of [[Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon]], as presented in a vaudeville circuit pantomime and sketched by [[Marguerite Martyn]] of the ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'' in April 1918]]
* [[April 1]] – The [[Royal Flying Corps]] and the [[Royal Naval Air Service]] in Britain are merged to form the [[Royal Air Force]], the first autonomous Air Force in the world.
* [[April 5]] – [[Sālote Tupou III|Sālote]] succeeds as Queen of [[Tonga]]; she will remain on the throne until her death in [[1965]].
* [[April 6]] – [[Finnish Civil War]]: The [[battle of Tampere]] ends.<ref name="tampere"/>
* [[April 8]] – [[Operations against the Marri and Khetran tribes]] in [[Balochistan]] end with surrender to the British authorities.
* [[April 9]] – [[Union of Bessarabia with Romania]]: [[Bessarabia]] votes to become part of the [[Kingdom of Romania]].
* [[April 21]] – WWI: [[Manfred von Richthofen]], "The Red Baron", the war's most successful fighter pilot, dies in combat at Morlancourt Ridge near the Somme River.
* [[April 22]] – [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan]], and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] declare their independence from Russia as the [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]].
* [[April 23]] – WWI:
** [[Conscription Crisis of 1918]] in Ireland: A [[general strike]] is held here against conscription.
** [[Zeebrugge Raid]]: The British Royal Navy attempts to seal off the German [[U-boat]] base here.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=355–356|isbn=0-7126-5616-2}}</ref>
** [[First Ostend Raid]]: The British Royal Navy unsuccessfully attempts to seal off the German U-boat base here.
* [[April 28]] – WWI: [[Gavrilo Princip]], assassin of [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria]], dies in [[Terezin]], [[Austria-Hungary]], after three years in prison.
* [[April 30]] – WWI: The [[Second Transjordan attack on Shunet Nimrin and Es Salt]], launched by units of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, ends on [[4 May]], with their withdrawal back to the Jordan Valley.

=== May ===
{{main|May 1918}}
* [[May 1]] – WWI: German troops enter [[Don Host Oblast]]; they capture [[Rostov-on-Don]] on [[May 8]].
* [[May 2]] – [[General Motors]] acquires the [[Chevrolet Motor Company]] of [[Delaware]].
* [[May 7]] – WWI: The British capture [[Kirkuk]].
* [[May 9]] – WWI – [[Second Ostend Raid]]: The British Royal Navy unsuccessfully attempts, for a second time, to seal off the German U-boat base here.
* [[May 11]] – The [[Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus]] is officially established.
* [[May 12]] - The {{HMT|Olympic}} rams into the [[SM U-103]], sinking it. resulting in the deaths of 9 people
* [[May 14]] – The Three Minute Pause, initiated by the daily firing of the [[Noon Gun]] on [[Signal Hill (Cape Town)|Signal Hill]], is instituted by [[Cape Town]] Mayor Sir [[Harry Hands]]. It will inspire the introduction of the [[two-minute silence]] in [[November 1919]].<ref>Royal Canadian Legion Branch # 138.[http://people.becon.org/~rcl138/milestone.php  "2-Minute Wave of Silence" Revives a Time-honoured Tradition]. Accessed on 5 June 2014.</ref>
* [[May 15]]
** The [[Finnish Civil War]] ends.
** The [[United States Postal Service|United States Post Office Department]] begins the world's third regular [[airmail]] service, between [[New York City]], [[Philadelphia]] and [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>The first was from Allahabad to Naini Junction in India on [[18 February]] [[1911]], and the second from London to Windsor Castle on [[22 June]] [[1911]].</ref>
* [[May 16]] – The [[Sedition Act of 1918]] is approved by the U.S. Congress.
* [[May 20]] – The small town of [[Codell, Kansas]] is hit for the third year in a row, on the same date, by a [[tornado]].
* [[May 21]] – The United States Army Aviation Section is separated from the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|Signal Corps]], and divided into the [[Division of Military Aeronautics]] and the Bureau of [[Aircraft]] Production.
* [[May 24]] – Women in Canada, excluding residents of [[Quebec]], are [[Women's suffrage in Canada|granted the right to vote]] in federal elections.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lop.parl.ca/sites/ParlInfo/default/en_CA/ElectionsRidings/womenVote|title=Women's Right to Vote in Canada|website=lop.parl.ca|access-date=2018-02-22}}</ref>
* [[May 26]] – The [[Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic]] is abolished; Georgia declares its independence as the [[Democratic Republic of Georgia]].
* [[May 27]] – WWI: The [[Third Battle of the Aisne]] commences.
* [[May 28]] – [[Armenia]] and [[Azerbaijan]] declare their independence as the [[First Republic of Armenia]] and the [[Azerbaijan Democratic Republic]] respectively.
* [[May 29]] – WWI: The week-long [[Battle of Sardarabad]] concludes with defending Armenian forces victorious over the Ottomans.
* [[May 29]]–[[May 30|30]] – WWI: [[Battle of Skra-di-Legen|Battle of Skra di Legen]] – The Greek [[National Defence Army Corps]] defeats the Bulgarians.

=== June ===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C1133, Szent István, Sinkendes Linienschiff.jpg|thumb|[[June 10]]: Austro-Hungarian battleship [[SMS Szent István|''Szent István'']] sunk by Italian [[torpedo boat]]s]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 134-C2280, Szent István, Sinkendes Linienschiff.jpg|thumb|[[SMS Szent István|''Szent István'']]]]
{{main|June 1918}}
* [[June]]–[[August]] – The "[[Spanish flu]]" becomes [[pandemic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt |publisher=[[Institut Pasteur]] |title=La Grippe Espagnole de 1918 |access-date=3 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604144218/http://www.pasteur.fr/infosci/conf/CRC/Grippe_CRC.ppt |archive-date=June 4, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Over 30&nbsp;million people die in the following 6 months.
* [[June 1]] – WWI: The [[Battle of Belleau Wood]] begins.
* [[June 4]] – RMS ''Kenilworth Castle'', one of the [[Union-Castle Line]] steamships, collides with her escort destroyer [[Yarrow M class destroyer|HMS ''Rival'']] while trying to avoid her other escort, the cruiser [[HMS Kent (1901)|HMS ''Kent'']].
* [[June 8]] – [[V603 Aquilae]], the brightest [[nova]] observed since [[Kepler's Supernova|Kepler's]] of [[1604]], is discovered.
* [[June 10]] – WWI: The [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[dreadnought]] [[battleship]] [[SMS Szent István|SMS ''Szent István'']] is sunk by two Italian [[MAS (boat)|MAS]] motor [[torpedo boat]]s off the [[Dalmatia]]n coast.
* [[June 12]]
** [[Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia|Grand Duke Michael of Russia]] is murdered, thereby becoming the first of the Romanovs to be killed by the Bolsheviks.
** WWI: The first airplane bombing raid by an American unit in France is carried out.
* [[June 16]] – The [[Declaration to the Seven]], a [[United Kingdom|British]] government response to a memorandum issued anonymously by seven [[Syria]]n notables, is published.
* [[June 22]] – Suspects in the [[Chicago]] Restaurant Poisonings are arrested, and more than 100 waiters are taken into custody for poisoning restaurant customers with a lethal powder called [[Mickey Finn (drugs)|Mickey Finn]].
* [[June 29]] – [[Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts and Industries]] opens in New York; Brazil is the only international exhibitor and the exposition closes at the end of the season.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1918/06/30/archives/crowds-see-opening-of-trade-exposition-police-commissioner-enright.html|title=CROWDS SEE OPENING OF TRADE EXPOSITION; Police Commissioner Enright Receives Keys for City at Formal Opening. PERMANENT SHOW PLANNED Borough President Bruckner Thanks Promoters for Choosing Site in the Bronx.|date=June 30, 1918|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 2, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

=== July ===
{{main|July 1918}}
* [[July 3]] – [[Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War]]: The [[Siberian Intervention]] is launched by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], to extract the [[Czechoslovak Legion]] from the [[Russian Civil War]].
* [[July 4]] – [[Mehmed VI]] succeeds as [[Sultan of the Ottoman Empire]] on the death of his half-brother [[Mehmed V]] (Reşâd, who has reigned since [[1909]]), himself reigning until the Sultanate is abolished in [[1922]].
* [[July 12]] – The [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] battleship ''[[Japanese battleship Kawachi|Kawachi]]'' blows up off [[Tokuyama, Yamaguchi]], western [[Honshu]], Japan, killing at least 621.
* [[July 13]] – The National Czechoslovak Committee is established.
* [[July 14]] – The film ''[[The Glorious Adventure (1918 film)|The Glorious Adventure]]'' is released in the United States, featuring [[Mammy Lou]], who becomes one of the oldest people ever to star in a film, at a claimed age of 114.
* [[July 14]] – WWI: [[Second Battle of the Marne]]: The battle begins near the [[River Marne]], with a German attack. 
* [[July 14]] – [[Quentin Roosevelt]], Theodore Roosevelt's youngest son, is killed in action during the [[Second Battle of the Marne]]. 
[[File:Family in 1913.jpg|thumb|125px|[[July 17]]: [[Execution of the Romanov family]]]]
* [[July 17]]
** WWI: {{RMS|Carpathia}} (famed for rescuing survivors of the {{RMS|Titanic}}) is torpedoed and sunk off the east coast of Ireland, by [[Imperial German Navy]] submarine ''[[SM U-55|U-55]]''; 218 of the 223 on board are rescued.<ref>{{cite news|title=Carpathia Sunk; 5 of Crew Killed|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|page=4|date=20 July 1918|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/07/20/98269248.pdf}}</ref>
** [[Execution of the Romanov family]]: By order of the [[Bolshevik Party]], and carried out by the [[Cheka]], former emperor [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]], his wife [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Alexandra Feodorovna]], their children, [[Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia|Olga]], [[Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia|Tatiana]], [[Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918)|Maria]], [[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia|Anastasia]], [[Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia|Alexei]] and retainers are shot at the [[Ipatiev House]], in [[Yekaterinburg|Ekaterinburg, Russia]].
* [[July 21]] – WWI: [[Attack on Orleans]] &ndash; Imperial German submarine {{SMS|U-156|sub=y}} surfaces and fires on a small convoy of barges and defending flying boats off the [[Cape Cod]] town of Orleans, Massachusetts.<ref>{{cite book|title=Attack on Orleans: The World War I submarine raid on Cape Cod|last=Klim|first=Jake|publisher=The History Press|year=2014|isbn=9781625850348|oclc=883673275}}</ref>

=== August ===
{{main|August 1918}}
* [[August 2]] – [[North Russia Intervention]]: Anti-Bolshevik forces stage a coup at [[Arkhangelsk]], and an occupation by Allied forces follows.<ref>{{Citation|author=David S. Foglesong|title=America's Secret War Against Bolshevism: U.S. Intervention in the Russian Civil War 1917–1920|chapter=Fighting, But Not At War|date= 2014|publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=978-1469611136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RUHn9nCC9EoC&q=US+intervention+in+Russia}}</ref>
* [[August 3]] – WWI: Australian hospital ship {{ship|HMAT|Warilda}} is torpedoed and sunk in the [[English Channel]] on passage from [[Le Havre]] to [[Southampton]] by German submarine {{SMU|UC-49||6}} with the loss of 123 of the 801 people on board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/6456.html|title=Warilda|publisher=Uboat.net|access-date=2012-12-17}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] – WWI: [[Battle of Amiens (1918)|Battle of Amiens]] – British, Canadian and Australian troops begin a string of almost continuous victories, the '[[Hundred Days Offensive]]', with an 8-mile push through the German front lines, taking 12,000 prisoners. German General [[Erich Ludendorff]] later calls this the "black day of the German Army".<ref>{{cite news|first=John|last=Lichfield|title=A History of the First World War in 100 Moments: The 'blackest day' of the German army|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/a-history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-the-blackest-day-of-the-german-army--and-the-assault-that-finally-broke-its-spirit-9588029.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/world-history/history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments/a-history-of-the-first-world-war-in-100-moments-the-blackest-day-of-the-german-army--and-the-assault-that-finally-broke-its-spirit-9588029.html |archive-date=May 1, 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Independent]]|location=London|date=2014-07-07|access-date=2014-07-07}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* [[August 10]] – [[October Revolution|Russian Revolution]]: The British commander in Archangel is told to help the [[White movement|White Russians]].
* [[August 16]] – The [[Battle of Lake Baikal]] is fought by the [[Czechoslovak legion]], against the [[Red Army]].
* [[August 21]] – WWI: The [[Second Battle of the Somme (1918)|Second Battle of the Somme]] begins.
* [[August 23]] – The [[Bessarabian Peasants' Party]] is created.
* [[August 27]] – [[Battle of Ambos Nogales]]: U.S. Army forces skirmish against Mexican [[Carrancistas]] and their German [[Military advisor|advisors]] at [[Nogales, Arizona]], in the only battle of WWI fought on United States soil.
* [[August 30]]
** In response to the [[October Revolution]] in Russia, [[Vladimir Lenin]] is shot and wounded by [[Fanny Kaplan]] in Moscow, but survives.<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/2498997 |jstor=2498997 |title=The 1918 Attempt on the Life of Lenin: A New Look at the Evidence |first=Semion |last=Lyandres |journal=Slavic Review |volume=48 |issue=3 |date=Autumn 1989 |pages=432–448 |publisher=Cambridge University Press|s2cid=155228899 }}</ref>
** [[Moisei Uritsky]], the Petrograd head of the [[Cheka]], is assassinated.
[[File:Lenin attempt.jpg|150px|thumb|[[August 30]]: Attempted assassination of [[Lenin]], depicted by Vladimir Pchelin]]

=== September ===
{{main|September 1918}}
* [[September]] – WWI: British armies and their Arab allies roll into [[Syria]].
* [[September 3]] – The [[Bolshevik]] government of Russia publishes the first official announcement of the [[Red Terror]], a period of repression against political opponents, as an "Appeal to the Working Class" in the newspaper ''[[Izvestia]]''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Werth|first1=Nicolas|last2=Bartosek|first2=Karel|last3=Panne|first3=Jean-Louis|last4=Margolin|first4=Jean-Louis|last5=Paczkowski|first5=Andrzej|last6=Courtois|first6=Stephane|year=1999|title=[[The Black Book of Communism|The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression]]|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0-674-07608-7|page=74}}</ref>
* [[September 4]] – WWI: [[Battle of Mont Saint-Quentin]] concludes with the [[Australian Corps]] breaking the German line.
* [[September 5]] – [[Russian Civil War]]: The [[Kazan Operation]] begins. The event continues for 5 days, and solidifies the Red Army's power in Russia over the White Army.
* [[September 12]] – WWI: [[Battle of Havrincourt]] – The British take a German salient. 
* [[September 12]]–[[September 15|15]] – WWI: [[Battle of Saint-Mihiel]] – Americans take a German salient.
* [[September 14]] – WWI: The Balkan front offensive by the Serbian Army begins.
* [[September 15]]–[[September 18|18]] – WWI: [[Battle of Dobro Pole]] in the [[Vardar Offensive]] of the [[Balkans Campaign (World War I)|Balkans Campaign]]: The [[Allied Army of the Orient]] defeats [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]n defenders.
* [[September 18]] – WWI: [[Battle of Épehy]] – British approach the [[Hindenburg Line]] along the St Quentin Canal.
* [[September 19]] – WWI:
** The [[British Army]]'s [[Egyptian Expeditionary Force]] launches the [[Battle of Megiddo (1918)|Battle of Megiddo]], incorporating the [[Battle of Sharon]], and the [[Battle of Nablus (1918)|Battle of Nablus]], an attack in the [[Judaean Mountains]]. This day are fought the [[Battle of Tulkarm]], and the [[Battle of Arara]], which break the Ottoman front line stretching from the Mediterranean coast to the Judaean Mountains, while the [[Battle of Tabsor]] extends into [[September 20]]. 
** The [[Third Transjordan attack]] in the Jordan Valley begins.
* [[September 20]] – WWI: The British Army's Desert Mounted Corps launches the
** [[Battle of Nazareth]] by [[5th Cavalry Division (British Indian Army)]]; 
** [[Capture of Afulah and Beisan]] by the [[4th Cavalry Division (British Indian Army)]];
** [[Capture of Jenin]] by the [[Australian Mounted Division]], almost encircling the [[Yildirim Army Group]] still in the Judaean Mountains.
* [[September 25]] – WWI: 
** The Battle of Megiddo ends with the [[Battle of Haifa (1918)|Battle of Haifa]], [[Battle of Samakh]], and [[Capture of Tiberias]].
** The [[Third Transjordan attack]] ends with [[ANZAC Mounted Division]] victory at the [[Second Battle of Amman]], with the subsequent capture at [[Al-Jizah, Jordan|Ziza]] of the Ottoman II Corps, and more than 10,000 Ottoman and German prisoners.
* [[September 26]] – WWI:
** The [[Meuse-Argonne Offensive]] begins, the largest and bloodiest operation of the war for the [[American Expeditionary Forces]].
** The [[Capture of Damascus (1918)|Capture of Damascus]] begins, with the [[Charge at Irbid]] by the 4th Cavalry Division.
* [[September 27]] – WWI 
** The [[Battle of the Canal du Nord]], launched by British and Empire forces, continues the advance towards the Hindenburg Line.
** The [[Battle of Jisr Benat Yakub]], launched by the Australian Mounted Division, continues the advance towards [[Damascus]].
* [[September 29]] – WWI:
** [[Battle of St Quentin Canal]] begins; Allied forces advance towards the [[Hindenburg Line]].
** [[Bulgaria]] requests an armistice, with the [[Armistice of Salonica]] being signed and coming into force the next day. 
* [[September 30]] – WWI: 
** The [[Charge at Kaukab]] is begun by units of the Australian Mounted Division. 
** The [[Charge at Kiswe]] is begun by 4th Cavalry Division, continuing the Desert Mounted Corps' advance to Damascus.

=== October ===
{{main|October 1918}}
* [[October 1]] – WWI: The Desert Mounted Corps [[Capture of Damascus (1918)|captures Damascus]].
* [[October 2]] – WWI: The [[Charge at Khan Ayash]] is begun north of Damascus, by the [[3rd Light Horse Brigade]].
* [[October 3]]
** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] appoints [[Max von Baden]] [[Chancellor of Germany (German Reich)|Chancellor of Germany]].
** King [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]] abdicates in the wake of the Bulgarian military collapse in WWI. He is succeeded by his son, [[Boris III of Bulgaria|Boris III]].
** WWI: The [[Pursuit to Haritan]] by the Desert Mounted Corps begins.
* [[October 4]]
** [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] forms a new, liberal government to sue for peace.
** The [[T. A. Gillespie Company Shell Loading Plant explosion]] in New Jersey kills 100+, and destroys enough ammunition to supply the Western Front for 6 months.
* [[October 7]] – The [[Regency Council (Poland)]] declares Polish independence from the [[German Empire]], and demands that Germany cede the Polish provinces of [[Poznań]], [[Upper Silesia]] and [[Polish Corridor|Polish Pomerania]].
* [[October 8]]–[[October 10|10]] – WWI: [[Battle of Cambrai (1918)|Second Battle of Cambrai]]: British and Canadian troops take [[Cambrai]] from the Germans and the First and Third British Armies break through the Hindenburg Line.
* [[October 8]] – WWI: In the [[Forest of Argonne]] in France, U.S. Corporal [[Alvin C. York]] almost single-handedly kills 25 German soldiers and captures 132.
* [[October 9]] – Landgrave [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] is elected [[Kingdom of Finland (1918)|King of Finland]].
* [[October 11]] – The magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.1 [[1918 San Fermín earthquake|San Fermín earthquake]] shakes Puerto Rico with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''), killing 76–116 people. A destructive tsunami contributes to the damage and loss of life.
* [[October 12]] – [[1918 Cloquet Fire|Cloquet Fire]]: The city of [[Cloquet, Minnesota]], and nearby areas are destroyed in a fire, killing 453.
* [[October 16]] – Emperor Karl IV of Austria publishes the ''Völkermanifest'' manifesto, declaring the Cisleithanian part of the empire will be federalized on the basis of national councils 
* [[October 18]] – The [[Czechoslovak declaration of independence|Washington Declaration]] proclaims the independent [[First Czechoslovak Republic|Czechoslovak Republic]].
* [[October 21]] – German representatives of the ''Reichsrat'' in Austria-Hungary form the Provisional National Assembly for German-Austria 
* [[October 24]] – WWI: The [[Battle of Vittorio Veneto]] opens.
* [[October 25]]
** WWI: [[Battle of Aleppo (1918)|Aleppo]] is captured, by [[Faisal I of Iraq|Prince Feisal's]] Sheifial Forces.
** The steamer ''[[SS Princess Sophia|Princess Sophia]]'' sinks on [[Vanderbilt Reef]] near [[Juneau, Alaska]]; 353 people die, in the greatest maritime disaster in the Pacific Northwest.
* [[October 26]] – WWI – [[Charge at Haritan]]: Units of the Desert Mounted Corps battle with Ottoman forces for the last time in WWI.
* [[October 28]]
** [[Czechoslovakia]] declares its independence from [[Austria-Hungary]].
** A new Polish government is declared in Western [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)]].
* [[October 29]] 
** The [[Wilhelmshaven mutiny]] of the German [[High Seas Fleet]] breaks out.
** The [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] declares its independence from Austria-Hungary.
* [[October 30]]
** The [[Martin Declaration]] is published, including [[Slovakia]] in the formation of the Czecho-Slovak state.
** The [[Armistice of Mudros]] ends conflict between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and the [[Allies of World War I]], and grants independence to the [[Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen]].
* [[October 31]] – [[Aster Revolution|Revolution]] overthrows the pro-Habsburg government in [[Hungary]], effectively dissolving the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]].

=== November ===
{{main|November 1918}}
* [[November 1]]
** The [[Polish–Ukrainian War]] is inaugurated, by the proclamation of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] in [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]], with a capital at [[Lviv|Lwów]].
** Serbian forces recapture Belgrade.
** [[Malbone Street Wreck]]: The worst [[rapid transit]] accident in world history occurs under the intersection of Malbone Street and Flatbush Avenue, in [[Brooklyn]], New York City, with at least 93 dead.
* [[November 3]]
** WWI: The [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] is signed between Austria-Hungary and the [[Allies of WWI|Allies]] near [[Padua]].
** [[Poland]] declares its independence from Russia.
** [[German Revolution of 1918–1919|German Revolution]]: [[Kiel mutiny]] by sailors in the German fleet at [[Kiel]] while throughout northern [[German Empire|Germany]] soldiers and workers begin to establish revolutionary councils on the Russian [[Soviet (council)|soviet]] model.
* [[November 4]] – WWI: The [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]] comes into effect, ending warfare between Italy and Austria-Hungary on the Italian Front.
* [[November 6]] – A new Polish government is proclaimed in [[Lublin]].
* [[November 7]] – King [[Ludwig III of Bavaria|Ludwig of Bavaria]] flees his country.
* [[November 8]] – The German army withdraws its support of the Kaiser. The German Armistice delegation arrives at the [[Forest of Compiègne]] in France.
[[File:Ausrufung Republik Scheidemann.jpg|thumb|115px|[[November 9]]: [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany|Proclamation of German Republic]] by [[Philipp Scheidemann]] in Berlin on the [[Reichstag (building)|Reichstag]] balcony]]
* [[November 9]]
** Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany]] abdicates and chooses to live in exile in the Netherlands.
** [[Proclamation of the republic in Germany]] by [[Philipp Scheidemann]] in [[Berlin]], on the [[Reichstag building|Reichstag]] balcony. One of several significant events on [[9 November in German history]].
** Provisional National Council Minister-President [[Kurt Eisner]] declares [[Bavaria]] to be a republic.
** British [[Pre-dreadnought battleship|battleship]] {{HMS|Britannia|1904|6}} is sunk by a German submarine off [[Cape Trafalgar|Trafalgar]], with the loss of around fifty lives (the last major naval engagement of WWI). 
[[File:Armisticetrain.jpg|thumb|Signatories to the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]] with Germany, ending WWI, pose outside Marshal Foch's railway carriage]][[Image:NYTimes-Page1-11-11-1918.jpg|thumb|November 11: Front page of ''[[The New York Times]]'' on [[Armistice Day]]]]
*[[November 10]] Luxembourg communist forces rebel in Luxembourg city, beginning the [[Luxembourg rebellions]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Luxembourg's history : Mutiny in the Grand Duchy |url=https://today.rtl.lu/luxembourg-insider/history/a/1690130.html |access-date=2024-04-23 |website=today.rtl.lu |language=en}}</ref>
* [[November 11]]
** End of [[World War I|WWI]]: [[Armistice of 11 November 1918]] – Germany signs an [[armistice]] agreement with the Allies, between 5:12 AM and 5:20 AM, in the "[[Compiègne Wagon]]", Marshal [[Ferdinand Foch|Foch]]'s railroad car, in the [[Forest of Compiègne]] in France. It becomes official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pitt, Barrie|year=2003|title=1918: The Last Act|location=Barnsley|publisher=Pen and Sword|isbn=0-85052-974-3}}</ref> At 10:59 U.S. soldier [[Henry Gunther]] becomes (probably) the last killed in action.
** Poland regains independence, after 123 years of [[Partitions of Poland|partitions]]. [[Józef Piłsudski]] is appointed [[Commander-in-Chief]].
** Emperor [[Charles I of Austria]] gives up his absolute power, but does not abdicate.
** [[Loppem Agreements]]: Start of a series of political meetings between [[Albert I of Belgium|King Albert I]] and Belgian liberals and socialists. 
** [[Red Week (Netherlands)|Red Week]]: [[Pieter Jelles Troelstra]] gives a speech calling for socialist revolution in the Netherlands. 
* [[November 12]] – [[Republic of German-Austria|Austria]] becomes a [[republic]].
* [[November 13]] 
** The Allied [[Occupation of Constantinople]] begins. 
** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], relinquishes all governing duties.
* [[November 14]]
** [[Czechoslovakia]] becomes a [[republic]].
** The [[Second Polish Republic]] is proclaimed with [[Józef Piłsudski]] as [[head of state]].
** The provisional government of Baden proclaims the "Free People's [[Republic of Baden]]" (''Freie Volksrepublik Baden'').
** [[Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse]], is forced from his throne, leading to the establishment of the [[People's State of Hesse]].
** [[Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]] abdicates his throne, leading to the establishment of the [[Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]].
** [[Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], announces he is ceasing to rule [[Saxe-Coburg and Gotha]], leading to the establishment of the [[Free State of Coburg]].
** [[German East Africa]]n troops are informed of the November 11 armistice.
* [[November 16]] – The [[Hungarian Democratic Republic]] is declared, marking [[Hungary]]'s independence from [[Austria]].
* [[November 18]] – [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic|Latvia]] declares its independence from Russia.
* [[November 20]] – [[U-boat]]s start to rendezvous off [[Harwich]], to begin the surrender of the [[High Seas Fleet]] to the British [[Royal Navy]]; in the following week the German warships are escorted to internment in [[Scapa Flow]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Massie|first=Robert K.|author-link=Robert K. Massie|title=[[Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea]]|year=2004|publisher=Ballantine Books|location=New York|isbn=0-345-40878-0}}</ref>
* [[November 21]] – [[Lwów pogrom (1918)|Lwów pogrom]]: [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] troops, volunteers and freed criminals massacre at least 320 Ukrainian Christians and [[History of the Jews in Poland|Jews]] in [[Lviv|Lwów]], [[Galicia (Eastern Europe)|Galicia]].
* [[November 22]]
** The [[Monarchy of Belgium|Belgian royal family]] returns to [[Brussels]] after the war, King [[Albert I of Belgium|Albert I]] having commanded the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] army group in the September–October [[Battle of Courtrai (1918)|Courtrai offensive]], which liberated his country.
** [[Frederick II, Grand Duke of Baden]], abdicates; the [[Grand Duchy of Baden]] gives way to the [[Republic of Baden]].
* [[November 23]] – British military government of [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] begins.<ref>{{cite book|last=Biger|first=Gideon|title=The Boundaries of Modern Palestine, 1840–1947|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jC9MbKNh8GUC|access-date=2009-05-02|year=2004|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0-7146-5654-0|pages=55, 164}}</ref>
* [[November 25]] – General [[Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck]], German commander in [[German East Africa]], signs a ceasefire at [[Mbala, Zambia|Abercorn]] in [[Northern Rhodesia]].
* [[November 26]] – The [[Podgorica Assembly]] ('Great National Assembly of the Serb People in Montenegro') votes for a "union of the people" between the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]] and [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] and for deposition of the exiled King [[Nicholas I of Montenegro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Unification of Montenegro and Serbia (1918) - Podgorica's Assembly|url=http://www.montenet.org/history/podgskup.htm|website=Montenet|access-date=2017-12-17}}</ref>
* [[November 28]] – [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Red Army]] invades [[Estonia]], starting the war. The [[Commune of the Working People of Estonia]] is established as a Soviet puppet state in [[Narva]] on the next day.
* [[November 29]] – [[Kingdom of Serbia|Serbia]] annexes [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Montenegro]], suspending the latter's existence as a sovereign state for nearly the entirety of the following 88 years.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/serbia-ends-union-with-montenegro-1.785687|title=Serbia ends union with Montenegro|newspaper=The Irish Times|access-date=June 9, 2021|date=June 5, 2006}}</ref>
* [[November 30]] – [[Ernest Ansermet]] conducts the first concert by the ''[[Orchestre de la Suisse Romande]]''.

=== December ===
{{main|December 1918}}
* [[December 1]]
** By the [[Danish–Icelandic Act of Union]], [[Kingdom of Iceland|Iceland]] regains independence, but remains in personal union with the [[King of Denmark]], who also becomes the King of Iceland.
** New voting laws in [[Sweden]] makes votes no longer dependent on taxable assets, each adult having one vote.
** The [[Union of Transylvania with Romania|Union of Alba Iulia]] is proclaimed: Following the [[March 27]] incorporation of [[Bessarabia]] and [[Bucovina]], [[Transylvania]] unites with the [[Kingdom of Romania]].
** The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (which later becomes the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]) is proclaimed, in particular ending Serbia's existence as a sovereign state for the next 87 years (it would not regain its sovereignty until 2006).<ref name="auto"/>
[[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1918–1943).svg|thumbnail|right|Flag of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]
* [[December 4]] – President [[Woodrow Wilson]] departs by ship to the [[Paris Peace Conference, 1919|Paris Peace Conference]], becoming the first United States President to travel to Europe while holding office.
* [[December 5]] – [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The British [[light cruiser]] {{HMS|Cassandra|1916|6}} strikes a [[naval mine|mine]] and sinks near [[Saaremaa]] in the [[Baltic Sea]], killing 11 sailors.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/aug/23/british-warships-cassandra-myrtle-gentian-estonia|first=Martin|last=Wainwright|author-link=Martin Wainwright (journalist)|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|title=British warships sunk 90 years ago found off Estonian coast|date=23 August 2010|access-date=2010-08-24}}</ref>
* [[December 6]] – A [[1918 Vancouver Island earthquake|magnitude (M<sub>w</sub>) 7.2 earthquake]] shakes [[British Columbia]].
* [[December 14]] 
** [[Prince Frederick Charles of Hesse]] renounces the Finnish throne.<ref>Huldén, Anders: ''Kuningasseikkailu Suomessa 1918''. Helsinki: Kirjayhtymä, 1988. {{ISBN|951-26-2980-1}}. Page 189</ref> 
** Portuguese President [[Sidónio Pais]] is assassinated.
** [[Giacomo Puccini]]'s comic opera ''[[Gianni Schicchi]]'' premiered at the [[Metropolitan Opera]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite book |title= The Puccini Problem |last= Wilson |first= Alexandra |year= 2007 |publisher= [[Cambridge University Press]] |location= Cambridge |isbn= 978-0-521-85688-1 |url= https://archive.org/details/pucciniproblemop0000wils |page=178}}</ref>
* [[December 16]] – [[Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas]] declares the formation of the [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (1918–19)|Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic]], a [[puppet state]] created by the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] to justify the [[Lithuanian–Soviet War]].
* [[December 17]] – [[Darwin Rebellion]] in Australia: Disaffected workers march on [[Government House, Darwin]], demanding the resignation of the [[Administrator of the Northern Territory]], [[John A. Gilruth]].
* [[December 20]] – [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]] returns to the Czechoslovak Republic.
* [[December 21]] – [[Estonian War of Independence]]: The [[Red Army]] captures [[Tartu]], Estonia.
* [[December 25]] – ''[[Der Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten]]'', is formed in Germany as a [[German nationalism|nationalist]] [[veteran]]s' organization.
* [[December 27]] – [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–19)]]: Poles in [[Greater Poland]] (the former [[Grand Duchy of Posen]]) rise up against the Germans, ignited by a patriotic speech made in [[Poznań]] by pianist and politician [[Ignacy Jan Paderewski]].
* [[December 28]] – [[Sinn Féin]] enjoys a landslide victory in Irish seats in the [[1918 Irish general election|Irish general election]] (part of the [[1918 United Kingdom general election]]), following the counting of votes, winning 73 of the 105 seats in Ireland. In accordance with their [[Sinn Féin Manifesto 1918|manifesto]], Sinn Féin members will not take their seats in the [[Palace of Westminster]] but will form the [[First Dáil]] in [[Dublin]]. Countess [[Constance Markievicz]], while detained in [[Holloway Prison]] (London), becomes the first woman elected to (but does not take her seat in) the British [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]].<ref>{{cite book|page=137|last=Ward|first=Margaret|title=Unmanageable Revolutionaries: Women and Irish nationalism|publisher=Pluto Press|location=London|year=1983|isbn=0-86104-700-1}}</ref>
* [[December 31]] – A British-brokered ceasefire ends the two weeks of fighting in the [[Georgian–Armenian War]].

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Nakajima Aircraft Company]], a predecessor of the [[Subaru Corporation|Subaru]] car manufacturing company in Japan, is founded in [[Ota, Gunma]] [[Prefecture]].{{citation needed|date=December 2024}}