Editing 1925 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1925}}
* [[January 1]] &ndash; The [[Syrian Federation]] is officially dissolved, the [[State of Aleppo]] and the [[State of Damascus]] having been replaced by the [[State of Syria (1925–1930)|State of Syria]].
* [[January 3]] &ndash; [[Benito Mussolini]] makes a pivotal speech in the Italian [[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)|Chamber of Deputies]] which will be regarded by historians as the beginning of his dictatorship.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Pugliese|editor-first=Stanislao G.|date=2004|title=Fascism, Anti-fascism, and the Resistance in Italy: 1919 to the Present|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.|page=69|isbn=0-7425-3123-6}}</ref>
* [[January 5]] &ndash; [[Nellie Tayloe Ross]] becomes the first female governor (Wyoming) in the United States. Twelve days later, [[Ma Ferguson]] becomes first female governor of Texas.
* [[January 25]] &ndash; [[Hjalmar Branting]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of Sweden]] because of ill health, and is replaced by the minister of trade, [[Rickard Sandler]].
* [[January 27]]–[[February 1]] &ndash; The [[1925 serum run to Nome]] (the "Great Race of Mercy") relays [[diphtheria]] [[antitoxin]] by [[dog sled]] across the U.S. [[Territory of Alaska]] to combat an [[epidemic]].

===February===
{{Main|February 1925}}
* [[February 25]] &ndash; [[Art Gillham]] records (for [[Columbia Records]]) the first Western Electric masters to be commercially released.
* [[February 28]] &ndash; The [[1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake]] strikes northeastern North America.

===March===
{{Main|March 1925}}
* [[March 1]] &ndash; [[New York City Fire Department]] Rescue 2 is put in service in [[Brooklyn]].
* [[March 4]]
** [[İsmet İnönü]] is appointed prime minister in [[Turkey]] (Turkey's 4th and İnönü's 3rd government).
* [[March 6]] &ndash; ''[[Pionerskaya Pravda]]'', one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded in the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[March 9]]–[[May 1]] &ndash; [[Pink's War]]: The British [[Royal Air Force]] bombards mountain strongholds of [[Mahsud]] tribesmen in [[South Waziristan]].
* [[March 15]] &ndash; The [[Phi Lambda Chi]] fraternity (original name "The Aztecs") is founded on the campus of Arkansas State Teachers' College in [[Conway, Arkansas]] (the modern-day [[University of Central Arkansas]]).
* [[March 16]] – At 22:42 local time a [[1925 Dali earthquake|7.0 earthquake]] shakes the Chinese province of [[Yunnan]] killing 5,000 people.
* [[March 18]] &ndash; The [[Tri-State Tornado]], the deadliest in U.S. history, rampages through [[Missouri]], [[Illinois]] and [[Indiana]], killing 695 people and injuring 2,027. It hits the towns of [[Murphysboro, Illinois]]; [[West Frankfort, Illinois]]; [[Gorham, Illinois]]; [[Ellington, Missouri]]; and [[Griffin, Indiana]].
* [[March 21]] &ndash; Ravel's opera ''[[L'enfant et les sortilèges]]'', to a libretto by [[Colette]], is premiered at the [[Opéra de Monte-Carlo]].<ref>[http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/lenfant-et-les-sortileges-maurice-ravel ''L'Enfant et les sortilèges'' - Details] by McLellan, Joe; LA Philharmonic. {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230104847/https://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/lenfant-et-les-sortileges-maurice-ravel |date=30 December 2017}}</ref>
* [[March 31]] &ndash; The [[Bauhaus]] closes in [[Weimar]] and moves to a building in [[Dessau]] designed by [[Walter Gropius]].

===April===
{{Main|April 1925}}
* April–October &ndash; The ''{{lang|fr|[[Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes]]}}'' is held in Paris, giving a name to the [[Art Deco]] style.
* [[April 1]] &ndash; In the United States:
** Frank Heath and his horse ''Gypsy Queen'' leave Washington, D.C. to begin a two-year journey to visit all 48 states.
** The [[United States Patent and Trademark Office|Patent and Trademark Office]] is transferred to the [[Department of Commerce]].
* [[April 10]] &ndash; [[F. Scott Fitzgerald]]'s novel ''[[The Great Gatsby]]'' is published in New York.
* [[April 15]] &ndash; [[Fritz Haarmann]], a serial killer convicted of the murder of 24 boys and young men, is [[guillotine]]d in Germany.
[[File:BASA-1577K-1-61-14-Sofia, Bulgaria.JPG|thumb|150px|St Nedelya Church after assault]]
* [[April 16]] &ndash; A communist assault on St Nedelya Church claims roughly 150 lives in [[Sofia, Bulgaria]].
* [[April 19]] &ndash; [[Colo-colo]], a well-known football club of [[Chile]], is founded in [[Macul]], suburb of [[Santiago]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colo-Colo: Sitio Oficial del Eterno Campeón|url=http://www.colocolo.cl/historia/fundacion/la-fundacion-del-club-1920-1930/|website=La fundación del club (1920-1930)|access-date=10 September 2017}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] &ndash; Iranian forces of [[Reza Shah]] occupy [[Ahvaz]] and arrest Sheikh [[Khazʽal Ibn Jabir]].
* [[April 28]] &ndash; Presenting the [[Stanley Baldwin]] government's budget, [[Chancellor of the Exchequer]] [[Winston Churchill]] announces Britain's return to the [[gold standard]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mercer|first=Derrik|date=1989|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|location=London|publisher=Chronicle Communications Ltd.|pages=328–29|isbn=978-0-582-03919-3}}</ref>

===May===
{{Main|May 1925}}
* [[May 1]]
** In the [[Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia]], the [[al-Baqi']] mausoleums are destroyed by King [[Ibn Saud]].
** [[Barcelona S.C.]] founded in Ecuador.
** The [[All-China Federation of Trade Unions]], the world's largest [[trade union]] organisation, is founded in [[Guangzhou]], [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]].
* [[May 5]] &ndash; The [[General Election Law]] is passed in Japan, extending suffrage to all males aged 25 and over.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Colegrove|first=Kenneth|date=1929|title=Labor Parties in Japan|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400113000/type/journal_article|journal=American Political Science Review|language=en|volume=23|issue=2|pages=329–363|doi=10.2307/1945218|jstor=1945218|s2cid=145649163|issn=0003-0554|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
* [[May 8]] &ndash; African American Tom Lee rescues 32 people from the sinking [[steamboat]] ''[[M.E. Norman]]'' on the [[Mississippi River]].
* [[May 16]] – The first modern performance of [[Claudio Monteverdi]]'s opera ''[[Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria]]'' (1639/40) takes place in [[Paris]].<ref>{{cite book|author-link= Michael Kennedy (music critic)|last= Kennedy|first= Michael|title= Oxford Dictionary of Music|publisher= Oxford University Press|location= Oxford|year= 2006|isbn= 0-19-861459-4 |page=732}}</ref>
* [[May 21]] &ndash; The opera ''[[Doktor Faust]]'', unfinished when composer [[Ferruccio Busoni]] died, is premiered [[Semperoper|in Dresden]].<ref>[https://almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com/index.php?Giorno=21&Mese=05&Anno=1925&Testo=Doktor_Faust&Parola=Stringa 21 Maggio 1925, Giovedì] almanac-gherardo-casaglia.com</ref>
* [[May 29]] &ndash; English explorer [[Percy Fawcett]] sends a last telegram to his wife before he disappears in the [[Amazon River|Amazon]].

===June===
{{Main|June 1925}}
* [[June 6]] &ndash; The [[Chrysler Corporation]] is founded as an automobile manufacturer by [[Walter Percy Chrysler]] in the United States.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; American engineer [[Charles Francis Jenkins]] achieves the first synchronized transmission of pictures and sound, using 48 lines and a mechanical system in "the first public demonstration of radiovision".
* [[June 14]]
** The [[Aristotle University of Thessaloniki]] in Greece is founded.
** The Turkish football club [[Göztepe A.Ş.|Göztepe]] is founded.
* [[June 29]] &ndash; The 6.8 {{M|w}} [[1925 Santa Barbara earthquake|Santa Barbara earthquake]] affects the central coast of California with a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent''), destroying much of downtown [[Santa Barbara, California]] and leaving 13 people dead.

===July===
{{Main|July 1925}}
* [[July 10]]–[[July 21|21]] &ndash; [[Scopes Trial]]: In a staged test case (the "Monkey Trial") in [[Dayton, Tennessee]], United States, [[John T. Scopes]], a young high school science teacher (technically arrested on May 5 and indicted on May 25) is accused of assigning a reading from a state-mandated textbook on Darwinian [[evolution]] in violation of a [[Tennessee]] state law, the "[[Butler Act]]". He is found guilty and fined $100, though the verdict is later overturned on a technicality. The trial makes explicit the [[fundamentalist–modernist controversy]] within the [[Presbyterian Church in the United States of America]], with [[William Jennings Bryan]] (who dies on July 26) being challenged by the liberal [[Clarence Darrow]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Moran|first=Jeffrey P.|title=The Scopes Trial: A Brief History with Documents|publisher=Bedford/St. Martin's|year=2002}}</ref>
* [[July 10]] &ndash; [[Meher Baba]] begins his 44-year silence.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; [[Adolf Hitler]] publishes Volume 1 of his personal manifesto ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' in Germany.
* [[July 21]] &ndash; English racing motorist [[Malcolm Campbell]] becomes the first man to exceed {{convert|150|mph|0|abbr=on}} on land when at [[Pendine Sands]] in Wales he drives a [[Sunbeam 350HP]] automobile at a two-way average speed of {{convert|150.33|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/blue_bird_anniversary |title=Blue Bird Celebrates 90th Anniversary - the National Motor Museum Trust |access-date=November 2, 2017 |archive-date=November 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107031840/http://www.nationalmotormuseum.org.uk/blue_bird_anniversary |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[July 25]]
** The [[Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union]] (TASS) is established.
** The [[Temporary Slavery Commission]] of the League of Nations filed their report on their global investigation of slavery and slave trade, preparing the ground for the introduction of the [[1926 Slavery Convention]].<ref>Miers, S. (2003). Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem. USA: AltaMira Press. 100-121</ref>

=== August ===
{{Main|August 1925}}
* [[August 1]] &ndash; The New Cape Central Railway between [[Worcester, Western Cape|Worcester]] and [[Mossel Bay|Voorbaai]] is incorporated into the [[South African Railways]].<ref name="SAR Line Dates 189">''Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway'', Statement No. 19, p. 189, ref. no. 200954-13</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[Ku Klux Klan]], the largest fraternal racist organization in the United States, demonstrates its popularity by holding a parade with an estimated 30,000-35,000 marchers in Washington, D.C.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/08/17/the-day-30000-white-supremacists-in-kkk-robes-marched-in-the-nations-capital/ The day 30,000 white supremacists in KKK robes marched in the nation's capitalWashington Post].</ref>
* [[August 14]] &ndash; The original Hetch Hetchy [[Moccasin, California|Moccasin]] Powerhouse in California is completed and goes on line.
* [[August 25]] &ndash; The French [[Occupation of the Ruhr|complete their evacuation]] of the Ruhr region of Germany.<ref name="chronology 1925">{{cite web|url=http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1925.htm|title=Chronology 1925|date=2002|website=indiana.edu|access-date=January 2, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402163002/http://www.indiana.edu/~league/1925.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[August 31]] &ndash; Anthropologist [[Margaret Mead]] lands in American Samoa to begin nine months of field work that will culminate in her 1928 book ''[[Coming of Age in Samoa]]''. The bestselling book will become the first popular anthropological study and will change many attitudes towards tribal peoples.

===September===
{{Main|September 1925}}
* [[September 3]] &ndash; The U.S. Navy dirigible [[USS Shenandoah (ZR-1)|''Shenandoah'']] breaks up in a [[squall line]] near [[Caldwell, Ohio]], killing 14 crewmen.
* [[September 27]] &ndash; [[Feast of the Cross]] according to the [[Old Calendar]]: a celestial cross appears over [[Athens]], Greece, while the Greek police pursues a group of [[Greek Old Calendarists]]. The phenomenon lasts for half an hour.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orthodox.net/articles/cross-in-athens.html|title=The Appearance of the Cross Near Athens in 1925|author=Priest Seraphim Holland}}</ref>

===October===
{{Main|October 1925}}
* [[October]] &ndash; The major money forgery and fraud of [[Alves dos Reis]] is exposed in Portugal.
* [[October 1]] &ndash; The [[US Congress]] grants permission for Gutzon Borglum to begin constructing [[Mount Rushmore]] National Memorial on federal land in [[South Dakota]].
* [[October 2]] &ndash; In London, UK, [[John Logie Baird]] successfully transmits the first television pictures with a greyscale image.<ref>{{cite book|first=R. W.|last=Burns|title=Television: An International History of the Formative Years|year=1998|location=London|publisher=Institution of Electrical Engineers|isbn=978-0-85296-914-4|page=264}}</ref>
* [[October 4]] &ndash; ''[[Finnish torpedo boat S2|S2]]'', a Finnish [[Finnish S class torpedo boat|''Sokol'' class]] [[torpedo boat]], is sunk during a fierce storm near the coast of [[Pori]] in the [[Gulf of Bothnia]],  taking with her the whole crew of 53.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kaslib.fi/MARE/HIST/s2_1.htm|title=Torpedovene S2:n tuho 4.10.1925|first=Antero|last=Honkasalo|publisher=[[Wayback Machine]]|date=2005|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830015005/http://www.kaslib.fi/MARE/HIST/s2_1.htm|access-date=October 4, 2021|archive-date=August 30, 2006|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[October 5]]–[[October 16|16]] &ndash; The [[Locarno Treaties]] are negotiated.
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-R03618, Locarno, Gustav Stresemann, Chamberlain, Briand.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Locarno Treaties]] with [[Gustav Stresemann]], [[Austen Chamberlain]] and [[Aristide Briand]]]]
* [[October 8]] &ndash; [[Cubana de Aviación]] is founded.

===November===
{{Main|November 1925}}
* [[November 9]] &ndash; Formal foundation date of the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]'' (SS) as a personal bodyguard for [[Adolf Hitler]] in Germany.
* [[November 14]] 
** [[1925 Australian federal election]]: [[Stanley Bruce]]'s [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[First Bruce Ministry|Government]] is re-elected with an increased majority, defeating the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[Matthew Charlton]].
** The first [[Surrealism|Surrealist]] art exhibition opens in Paris.<ref name="chronicle of the 20th c.">{{cite book|last=Mercer|first=Derrik|date=1989|title=Chronicle of the 20th Century|location=London|publisher=Chronicle Communications Ltd.|page=335|isbn=978-0-582-03919-3}}</ref>
* [[November 17]] &ndash; The [[New Zealand and South Seas International Exhibition]], a [[world's fair]], opens in [[Dunedin]], New Zealand.
* [[November 24]] &ndash; The silent film ''[[El Húsar de la Muerte]]'' is released in [[Santiago]], Chile.
* [[November 26]] &ndash; [[Prajadhipok]] (Rama VII) is crowned as [[King of Siam]].
* [[November 28]] &ndash; The weekly [[country music]]-variety radio programme ''[[Grand Ole Opry]]'' is first broadcast on [[WSM (AM)|WSM radio]] in [[Nashville, Tennessee]], as the "WSM Barn Dance".

===December===
{{Main|December 1925}}
* [[December 1]] &ndash; The [[Locarno Treaties]] are signed in London, intended to secure the post-war continental European territorial settlement.
* [[December 11]] &ndash; [[Pope Pius XI]]'s [[encyclical]] ''[[Quas primas]]'', on the [[Feast of Christ the King]], is promulgated.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius11/P11PRIMA.HTM|title=Quas Primas|access-date=October 17, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815205132/http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Pius11/P11PRIMA.HTM|archive-date=August 15, 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[December 12]] &ndash; The first [[motel]] in the world, the Milestone Mo-Tel (later the [[Motel Inn]] of San Luis Obispo), opens in [[San Luis Obispo]], [[California]].<ref>{{The Timetables of Science|pages=442}}</ref>
* [[December 15]] &ndash; [[Reza Shah]] takes the oath to become the first [[shah]] of [[Imperial State of Iran|Persia]] of the [[Pahlavi dynasty]].
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[IG Farben]] is formed by the merger of six chemical companies in Germany.
[[File:Paris Montmartre in 1925.jpg|thumb|115px|Paris Rue de [[Montmartre]] in 1925]]

===Date unknown===
* New York City becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from London.<ref>{{cite web|title=Largest Cities Through History|publisher=About.com|first=Matt|last=Rosenberg|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|access-date=2008-11-13|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=November 2008}}
* Islamic [[Bektashi Order]] lodges in Turkey are closed down by order of the country's President, [[Atatürk]], and the leadership moves to [[Albania]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=The Albanian Bektashi: history and culture of a Dervish order in the Balkans|publisher=I.B. Tauris|year=2019|isbn=978-1-78831-569-2|publication-place=London|oclc=1108619669|author-link=Robert Elsie}}</ref>
* [[Lion Feuchtwanger]]'s novel ''[[Jud Süß (Feuchtwanger novel)|Jud Süß]]'' (translated as ''Jew Süss'' or ''Power'') is published in Germany.<ref>{{cite book|first=Q. D.|last=Leavis|author-link=Q. D. Leavis|title=Fiction and the Reading Public|edition=rev.|location=London|publisher=Chatto & Windus|year=1965}}</ref>
* [[Ernest Blythe]], [[Minister for Finance (Ireland)|Minister for Finance]] in the [[Irish Free State]], arranges an annual government subsidy of £850 for the [[Abbey Theatre]] in [[Dublin]], making it the first state-supported theatre in the English-speaking world.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kavanagh|first=Peter|authorlink=Peter Kavanagh (writer)|title=The Story of the Abbey Theatre|location=New York|publisher=Devin-Adair|year=1950|pages=125–126}}</ref>