Editing 1937 (section)

==Events==

===January===
{{Main|January 1937}}
[[File:Howard Hughes.jpg|thumb|130px|right| [[January 19]]: [[Howard Hughes]] sets record.]]
[[File:The Second Moscow Trial.jpg|thumb|200px|The Second Moscow Trial]]
* [[January 1]] – [[Anastasio Somoza García]] becomes [[President of Nicaragua]].
* [[January 5]] – Water levels begin to rise in the [[Ohio River]] in the United States, leading to the [[Ohio River flood of 1937]], which continues into February, leaving 1&nbsp;million people homeless and 385 people dead.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kyclim.wku.edu/factSheets/ohioRiver.htm |title=Fact Sheet: Ohio River Floods |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604134934/http://kyclim.wku.edu/factSheets/ohioRiver.htm |publisher=[[Western Kentucky University]] |archive-date=June 4, 2008 |access-date=August 10, 2015}}</ref>
* [[January 15]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The [[Second Battle of the Corunna Road]] ends inconclusively.<ref>{{cite book | title = The Spanish Civil War | author = Thomas, Hugh| year = 2001 | publisher =Penguin Books |page=480}}</ref>
* [[January 23]] – [[Moscow Trials]]: Trial of the Anti-Soviet Trotskyist Center – In the [[Soviet Union]] 17 leading [[Communist]]s go on trial, accused of participating in a plot led by [[Leon Trotsky]] to overthrow [[Joseph Stalin]]'s regime, and assassinate its leaders.
* [[January 30]] – The Moscow Trial initiated on January 23 is concluded. Thirteen of the defendants are [[Capital punishment|sentenced to death]] (including [[Georgy Pyatakov]], [[Nikolay Muralov]] and [[Leonid Serebryakov]]), while the rest, including [[Karl Radek]] and [[Grigory Sokolnikov]] are sent to [[Gulag|labor camps]] and later murdered. They were initially spared for implicating others, including [[Alexei Rykov|Rykov]], [[Nikolai Bukharin|Bukharin]] and [[Mikhail Tukhachevsky|Tukhachevsky]], setting the stage for further trials<ref>[[Andrey Vyshinsky]] [http://neworleans.media.indypgh.org/uploads/2007/02/the.treason.case.18feb07.pdf1xudb8.pdf The Treason Case Summed Up] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303190129/http://neworleans.media.indypgh.org/uploads/2007/02/the.treason.case.18feb07.pdf1xudb8.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} April 1938 (in English)</ref>

===February===
{{Main|February 1937}}
* [[February 8]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: Falangist troops take [[Málaga]].
* [[February 8]]–[[February 27|27]] – Spanish Civil War – [[Battle of Jarama]]: Nationalist and Republican troops fight to a stalemate.
* [[February 16]] – [[Wallace H. Carothers]] receives a patent for [[nylon]] in the United States.<ref>{{US patent|2071250}} "Linear Condensation Polymers", filed July 1931, issued February 1937</ref>
* [[February 19]]
** Airliner VH-UHH (''Stinson'') goes down over [[Lamington National Park]], bound for Sydney, killing 5 people.
** [[Yekatit 12]]: During a public ceremony at the Viceregal Palace (the former Imperial residence) in [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]], two [[Eritrea]]n nationalists attempt to kill viceroy [[Rodolfo Graziani]] with a number of grenades. Italian security guards fire into the crowd of Ethiopian onlookers. Authorities exact further reprisals, which include indiscriminately slaughtering native Ethiopians over the next 3 days, detaining thousands of Ethiopians at [[Danan, Ethiopia|Danan]] and slaughtering almost 300 monks at the [[Debre Libanos]] Monastery.
** The red, white and blue colours of the [[flag of the Netherlands]] are confirmed by royal decree.<ref>Wilhelmina en De Minister van Staat, Minister van Koloniën, Voorzitter van den Raad van Ministers (19 februari 1937): [https://web.archive.org/web/20170905235449/http://www.koenigsbanner.de/fotw/flags/nl.html Koninklijk Besluit nr. 93, Zell am See].</ref>
* [[February 21]] – The [[League of Nations]] [[Non-Intervention Committee]] prohibits foreign nationals from fighting in the Spanish Civil War.
* [[February 25]] – [[Hergé]]'s [[Tintin (character)|Tintin]] adventure ''[[The Broken Ear]]'' (''L'Oreille cassée'') concludes serialization in the Belgian weekly newspaper supplement ''[[Le Petit Vingtième]]'', and soon afterwards is published as a book in black and white.

===March===
{{Main|March 1937}}
* [[March 10]] (dated [[March 14]] ([[Passion Sunday]])) – The [[encyclical]] ''[[Mit brennender Sorge]]'' ("With burning concern") of [[Pope Pius XI]] is published in Germany in the German language. Largely the work of Cardinals [[Michael von Faulhaber|von Faulhaber]] and [[Pope Pius XII|Pacelli]], it condemns breaches of the [[1933]] [[Reichskonkordat]] agreement signed between the Nazi government and the [[Catholic Church]], and criticises [[Nazism]]'s views on race and other matters incompatible with Catholicism. 
* [[March 18]] – [[New London School explosion]]: In the worst school disaster in American history in terms of lives lost, the New London School in [[New London, Texas]], suffers a catastrophic [[natural gas]] explosion, killing in excess of 295 students and teachers. [[Mother Frances Hospital]] opens in [[Tyler, Texas]], a day ahead of schedule, in response to the explosion.
* [[March 19]] – The encyclical ''[[Divini Redemptoris]]'' of [[Pope Pius XI]], critical of [[communism]], is published.
* [[March 21]] – [[Ponce massacre]]: A police squad, acting under orders from [[Governor of Puerto Rico]] [[Blanton Winship]], opens fire on peaceful demonstrators protesting at the arrest of [[Puerto Rican Nationalist Party]] leader [[Pedro Albizu Campos]], killing 17 people and injuring over 200.

===April===
{{Main|April 1937}}
* [[April 1]]
** [[Colony of Aden|Aden]] becomes a British [[crown colony]].
** The [[Bombing of Jaén]] is carried out in Spain, by the [[Condor Legion]] of the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Luftwaffe]].
* [[April 9]] – The ''[[Kamikaze (1937 aircraft)|Kamikaze]]'' arrives at [[Croydon Airport]] in London; it is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
* [[April 12]] – [[Frank Whittle]] ground-tests the world's first [[jet engine]] designed to power an aircraft, at [[Rugby, Warwickshire|Rugby, England]].<ref>*{{cite book|last=Golley |first=John |title=Genesis of the Jet: Frank Whittle and the Invention of the Jet Engine|publisher=Crowood Press|year=1997|isbn=1-85310-860-X|pages=86–91}}</ref>
* [[April 20]] – A fire in an elementary school in [[Kilingi-Nõmme]], [[Estonia]], kills 17 students and injures 50.
* [[April 26]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The [[Bombing of Guernica]] is carried out in Spain, by the [[Condor Legion]] of the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] [[Luftwaffe]], in support of the [[Francoist Spain|Francoist]]s. Three-quarters of the town is destroyed and hundreds killed.<ref>Journalist [[George Steer]]'s report to ''[[The Times]]'' (London) connects Germany with the attack.</ref>

===May===
{{Main|May 1937}}
[[File:Hindenburg burning.jpg|thumb|right|[[May 6]]: The [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]] occurs.]]
[[File:Golden Gate Bridge 0002.jpg|thumb|[[May 27]]: The [[Golden Gate Bridge]] opens.]]
* [[May 6]] – [[Hindenburg disaster|''Hindenburg'' disaster]]: In the United States, the German [[LZ 129 Hindenburg|airship ''Hindenburg'']] bursts into flame when mooring to a mast in [[Lakehurst, New Jersey]]. Of the 36 passengers and 61 crew on board, 13 passengers and 22 crew die, as well as one member of the ground crew.
* [[May 7]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The German [[Condor Legion|Condor Legion Fighter Group]], equipped with [[Heinkel He 51]] biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist [[Francisco Franco]]'s forces.
* [[May 8]] – [[Wydad Athletic Club (Football)|Wydad Athletic Club]] (WAC)(Arabic: نادي الوداد الرياضي; Berber: ''Wydad Dar al-Beida''; commonly: ''Wydad al ouma'') is established in [[Casablanca]], Morocco; it will be best known for its Casablanca [[Association football]] team.
* [[May 12]] – [[coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth|George VI and Elizabeth are crowned]] King and Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor and Empress of India at [[Westminster Abbey]], London.
* [[May 21]]
** A [[Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations|Russian manned ice station]] becomes the first scientific research settlement to operate on the [[drift ice]] of the Arctic Ocean.
** As one of the reprisals for the attempted assassination of Italian viceroy [[Rodolfo Graziani]], a detachment of Italian troops massacres the entire community of [[Debre Libanos]] in Ethiopia, killing 297 monks and 23 laymen.
* [[May 28]] – [[Neville Chamberlain]] becomes [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]], following the retirement of [[Stanley Baldwin]].
* [[May 30]]
** [[Spanish Civil War]]: Spanish ship ''Ciudad de Barcelona'' is torpedoed.
** [[Memorial Day massacre of 1937]]: The [[Chicago Police Department]] shoot and kill 10 unarmed demonstrators in Chicago.

===June===
{{Main|June 1937}}
* [[June]] – [[Pablo Picasso|Picasso]] completes his painting ''[[Guernica (painting)|Guernica]]''.
* [[June]]–[[July]] – The [[Dáil Éireann]] debates and passes the new draft [[Constitution of Ireland]], which is then submitted for public approval by [[plebiscite]].
* [[June 3]] – [[Wallis Simpson]] marries the Duke of Windsor, the former [[Edward VIII]], in France.
* [[June 8]]
** The [[Dáil Éireann]] passes the Executive Authority (Consequential Provisions) Act, 1937, which abolishes the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State, retrospectively dated to [[December]] [[1936]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Irish Jurist, Together with the Irish Jurist Reports|publisher=Jurist Publishing Company|year=1937|page=64}}</ref>
** The first total [[solar eclipse]] to exceed 7 minutes of totality, in over 800 years, is visible in the Pacific and Peru.
* [[June 21]] – The [[coalition government]] of [[Léon Blum]] resigns in [[France]].

===July===
{{Main|July 1937}}
[[File:Earhart.jpg|thumb|[[July 2]]: [[Amelia Earhart]] disappears from [[New Guinea]].]]
[[File:Diagram of the 1937 Fox vault fire.jpg|thumb|[[July 9]]: The silent film archives of [[Fox Film Corporation]] are destroyed by the [[1937 Fox vault fire]].]]
* [[July 1]]
** The [[Gestapo]] arrests pastor [[Martin Niemöller]] in Germany.
** In a referendum the people of the [[Irish Free State]] accept the new Constitution by 685,105 votes to 527,945.
* [[July 2]] – [[Amelia Earhart]] and navigator [[Fred Noonan]] disappear after taking off from [[New Guinea]], during Earhart's attempt to become the first woman to fly around the world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Amelia Earhart {{!}} Biography, Disappearance, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amelia-Earhart |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[July 7]]
** In the [[Marco Polo Bridge Incident]], Japanese and Chinese forces exchange fire near Beijing, beginning the [[Second Sino-Japanese War]].
** The [[Peel Commission]] proposes partition of the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate of Palestine]] into separate Arab and Jewish states.<ref>{{cite book|title=League of Nations Mandates – Palestine: Report of the Palestine Royal Commission |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/peel1.html|access-date=2012-03-08 |date=July 1937}}</ref>
* [[July 9]] – [[1937 Fox vault fire]]: The silent film archives of [[Fox Film Corporation]] are destroyed
* [[July 20]] – The [[Geibeltbad Pirna]] water sports facility is opened in [[Dresden]], Germany.
* [[July 21]] – [[Éamon de Valera]] is elected [[President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State|President of the Executive Council]] (prime minister) of the [[Irish Free State]], by the [[Dáil]] (parliament).
* [[July 22]] – [[New Deal]]: The [[United States Senate]] votes down President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]'s proposal to add more justices to the [[Supreme Court of the United States]].
* [[July 25]]–[[July 31|31]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Sino-Japanese War]]: [[Battle of Beiping–Tianjin]], a series of actions fought around [[Beijing|Beiping]] and [[Tianjin]], result in Japanese victory.
* [[July 29]] – [[Tongzhou Mutiny]]: Units of the [[East Hebei Army]] mutiny and kill Japanese troops and civilians in [[Tongzhou District, Beijing|Tongzhou]].
* [[July 31]] – [[NKVD Order No. 00447]] "Об операции по репрессированию бывших кулаков, уголовников и других антисоветских элементов" ("The operation for repression of former [[kulak]]s, criminals and other anti-Soviet elements") is approved by the [[About the anti-Soviet elements|decision of the Politbureau of the CC of the VKP(b)]] of the [[Soviet Union]], initially as a 4-month plan for 75,950 people to be executed and an additional 193,000 to be sent to the [[Gulag]].

===August===
{{Main|August 1937}}
* [[August 2]] – The [[Marihuana Tax Act of 1937|Marijuana Tax Act]]<ref>Pub. 238, 75th Congress, 50 Stat. 551 (subsequently, commonly referred to using the modern spelling as the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937)</ref> in the United States is a significant bill on the path that will lead to the criminalization of cannabis. It was introduced to the U.S. Congress by Commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, Harry Anslinger.
* [[August 5]] – The [[Soviet Union]] commences one of the largest campaigns of the [[Great Purge]], to "eliminate anti-Soviet elements". Within the following year, at least 724,000 people are fired{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} on order of the [[NKVD troika|troikas]], directed by [[Joseph Stalin]]. This is an offensive that targets social classes (such as the [[kulak]]s or nobles) and Stalin's personal opponents from the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]] and their sympathizers. 
* [[August 6]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: Falangist artillery bombards [[Madrid]].
* [[August 8]] – Japan occupies Beijing.
* [[August 9]] – The [[Polish Operation of the NKVD (1937–38)]] is signed by [[Nikolai Yezhov]], as a continuation of the [[Great Purge]].
* [[August 13]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Shanghai]] opens.
* [[August 24]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The government of the autonomous [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] agrees to surrender to the nationalists.
* [[August 26]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese aircraft attack the car carrying the ambassador of Great Britain, during a raid on Shanghai.

===September===
{{Main|September 1937}}
[[File:Dean Franklin - 06.04.03 Mount Rushmore Monument (by-sa)-3 new.jpg|thumb|[[September 17]]: [[Abraham Lincoln|Lincoln]]'s head is dedicated at [[Mount Rushmore]].]]
* [[September 2]] – The [[1937 Great Hong Kong typhoon|Great Hong Kong Typhoon]] kills an estimated 11,000 persons.
* [[September 5]]
** [[Roberto María Ortiz|Roberto Ortiz]] is elected president of [[Argentina]].
** [[Spanish Civil War]]: The city of [[Llanes]] falls to the Falangists.
* [[September 7]] – [[CBS]] broadcasts a two-and-a-half hour memorial concert nationwide on radio in memory of George Gershwin, live from the [[Hollywood Bowl]]. Many celebrities appear, including [[Oscar Levant]], [[Fred Astaire]], [[Otto Klemperer]], [[Lily Pons]] and members of the original cast of ''[[Porgy and Bess]]''. The concert is recorded and released complete years later in what is excellent sound for its time, on [[CD]]. The [[Los Angeles Philharmonic]] is the featured orchestra.
* [[September 10]] – Nine nations meet in the [[Nyon Conference]], led by the United Kingdom and France, to address international [[piracy]] in the Mediterranean.
* [[September 17]] – [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s head is dedicated at [[Mount Rushmore]].
* [[September 19]] – Swiss professional [[ice hockey]] club [[HC Ambrì-Piotta]] is founded.
* [[September 21]] – George Allen & Unwin, Ltd. of London publishes the first edition of [[J. R. R. Tolkien]]'s ''[[The Hobbit]]''.
* [[September 25]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]] - [[Battle of Pingxingguan]]: The Communist Chinese [[Eighth Route Army]] defeats the Japanese.
* [[September 27]] – The last recorded [[Bali tiger]] dies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/bali.html|title=The Balinese Tiger|author=Loadstar}}</ref>
* [[September 30]] – Austrian born actress of Jewish descent, [[Hedy Lamarr]] arrives in [[New York City]] to flee from her possessive husband [[Friedrich Mandl]] who made arms agreements with the Nazis, and to begin her Hollywood career.<ref>{{cite book|first=Stephen Michael|last=Shearer|year=2010|title=Beautiful: The Life of Hedy Lamarr|publisher=Thomas Dunne Books|pages=52–56|isbn=978-1-250-04183-8}}</ref>

===October===
{{Main|October 1937}}
* [[October 1]] – The [[Marihuana Tax Act of 1937|Marihuana Tax Act]] becomes law in the United States.
* [[October 2]]–[[October 8|8]] – [[Parsley Massacre]]: Under the orders of President [[Rafael Trujillo]], Dominican troops kill thousands of [[Haitians]] living in the [[Dominican Republic]].
* [[October 3]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese troops advance toward [[Nanjing]], capital of the [[Republic of China (1912–49)|Republic of China]].
* [[October 5]] – [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] gives his famous ''[[Quarantine Speech]]'' in Chicago.
* [[October 9]] – [[Jimmie Angel]] lands his plane on top of Devil's Mountain; however, the plane gets damaged, and he has to trek through the rainforest for help.
* [[October 11]] – [[Duke and Duchess of Windsor's 1937 tour of Germany]]: The [[Edward VIII|Duke]] and [[Wallis Simpson|Duchess]] of Windsor arrive in Berlin to begin a 12-day tour of Nazi Germany, meeting Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
* [[October 13]] – Germany, in a note to [[Brussels]], guarantees the inviolability and integrity of Belgium, so long as the latter abstains from military action against Germany.
* [[October 15]] – [[Ernest Hemingway]]'s novel ''[[To Have and Have Not]]'' is first published, in the United States.
* [[October 18]]–[[October 21|21]] – [[Spanish Civil War]]: The whole Spanish northern seaboard falls into the Falangists' hands; [[Second Spanish Republic|Republic]]an forces in [[Gijón]], Spain, set fire to petrol reserves, prior to retreating before the advancing [[Falangists]].
* [[October 23]] – [[1937 Australian federal election]]: [[Joseph Lyons]]' [[United Australia Party|UAP]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[Lyons government|government]] is re-elected with a slightly increased majority, defeating the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[John Curtin]].
* [[October 25]] – [[Celâl Bayar]] forms the new (ninth) government of Turkey.

===November===
{{Main|November 1937}}
* [[November 5]] – [[World War II]]: In the [[Reich Chancellery]], [[Adolf Hitler]] holds a secret meeting and states his plans for acquiring "living space" for the German people (recorded in the [[Hossbach Memorandum]]).
* [[November 6]] – Italy joins the [[Anti-Comintern Pact]].
* [[November 9]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: Japanese troops take Shanghai.
* [[November 10]] – Brazilian president [[Getúlio Vargas]] announces the [[Estado Novo (Brazil)|Estado Novo]] ("New State"), thence becoming [[dictator]] of [[Brazil]] until [[1945]].
* [[November 11]] – The Kogushi Sulfur Mine collapse, in western [[Gunma]], Japan, kills at least 245 people.

===December===
{{Main|December 1937}}
{{multiple image
|align     = right
|direction = vertical
|image1    = Snow white 1937 trailer screenshot (2).jpg
|image2    = Walt Disney Snow white 1937 trailer screenshot (13).jpg
|image3    = Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Original Theatrical Trailer 1) 1937 (La Blancaneu).ogv
|image4    = Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Original Theatrical Trailer 2) 1937 (La Blancaneu).ogv
|footer    = [[December 21]]: [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'' is released, the world's first full-length animated feature film, the first Disney film, and the first film to feature a [[Disney Princess]]. The top image shows the [[Seven Dwarfs]] singing "[[Heigh-Ho]]" while walking on a [[Trunk (botany)|log]]. The second top image shows [[Walt Disney]] introducing the Seven Dwarfs in the trailer and the bottom images are the trailers.}}
* [[December 1]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Nanjing]] begins.
* [[December 4]] – ''[[The Dandy]]'' [[Comic book|comic]] is first published in Scotland; it continued until 2012 as a physical publication, then online until 2013.
* [[December 11]] – Italy withdraws from the [[League of Nations]].
* [[December 12]]
** [[USS Panay incident|USS ''Panay'' incident]]: Japanese bombers sink the American gunboat {{USS|Panay|PR-5|6}} on the [[Yangtze]] in China; the United States accepts the Japanese statement that this was unintentional.
** [[Mae West]] makes a risqué guest appearance on [[NBC]]'s ''[[Chase and Sanborn Hour]]'', which eventually results in her being banned from radio.
* [[December 13]] – [[Second Sino-Japanese War]]: The [[Battle of Nanjing]] ends with the Japanese occupying the city. In the [[Nanjing Massacre]] which follows, Japanese soldiers kill over 200,000 Chinese in 3 months. A few days previously, the [[Nationalist government]] of China had moved its capital to the southwestern city [[Chongqing]].
* [[December 16]] – The original production of the musical ''[[Me and My Girl]]'' opens at the [[Victoria Palace Theatre]], in London's [[West End theatre|West End]]. A later revival will win an award.
* [[December 21]] – [[Walt Disney]]'s ''[[Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937 film)|Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs]]'', the world's first feature-length [[Traditional animation|cel animated]] film, premieres at the [[Carthay Circle Theatre]] in [[Los Angeles]].
* [[December 25]] – At the age of 70, conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] conducts the [[NBC Symphony Orchestra]] on radio for the first time, beginning his successful 17-year tenure with that orchestra. This first concert consists of music by [[Antonio Vivaldi|Vivaldi]] (at a time when he is seldom played), [[Mozart]], and [[Brahms]]. Millions tune in to listen, including U.S. President [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]].
* [[December 29]] – The new [[Constitution of Ireland]] (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') comes into force. The [[Irish Free State]] becomes "[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]", and [[Éamon de Valera]] becomes the first [[Taoiseach]] (prime minister) of the new state. A [[Presidential Commission (Ireland)|Presidential Commission]] (made up the Chief Justice, the Speaker of Dáil Éireann, and the President of the High Court) assumes the powers of the new presidency, pending the popular election of the first [[President of Ireland]] in June 1938. The new constitution prohibits [[divorce]].

===Date unknown===
* Switzerland begins construction of its [[Border Line (Switzerland)|Border Line]] defences.
* The [[Vibora Luviminda]] sugar plantation trade unions strike on [[Maui]] island, Hawaii.
* Italian psychiatrist [[Amarro Fiamberti]] is the first to document a transorbital approach to the brain, which becomes the basis for the controversial medical procedure of [[transorbital lobotomy]].
* [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] industry produces about four times as much as it had in [[1928]].
* The Allen Organ Company, builder of church, home and theatre organs, is founded in Macungie, Pennsylvania.
* [[Slavery in Bahrain]] is abolished.