Editing 1944 (section)

==Events==
Below, the events of [[World War II]] have the "WWII" prefix.

===January===
{{Main article|January 1944}}
[[File:Landing at Anzio.jpg|thumb|US Army troops landing at [[Anzio]] during [[Operation Shingle]], late January 1944.]]
* [[January 2]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Free France|Free French]] General [[Jean de Lattre de Tassigny]] is appointed to command [[First Army (France)|French Army B]], part of the [[Sixth United States Army Group]] in North Africa.
** [[Landing at Saidor]]: 13,000 US and Australian troops land on [[Papua New Guinea]] in an attempt to cut off a Japanese retreat.
* [[January 8]] &ndash; WWII: [[Philippine Commonwealth]] troops enter the province of [[Ilocos Sur]] in northern [[Luzon]] and attack Japanese forces.
* [[January 11]]
** [[United States]] President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] proposes a [[Second Bill of Rights]] for social and economic security, in his [[State of the Union]] address.
** The Nazi German administration expands [[Kraków-Płaszów concentration camp]] into the larger standalone ''Konzentrationslager Plaszow bei Krakau'' in occupied Poland.
* [[January 12]] &ndash; WWII: [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Charles de Gaulle]] begin a 2-day conference in [[Marrakech]].
* [[January 14]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet troops start the offensive at [[Leningrad]] and [[Novgorod]].
* [[January 15]]
** WWII: The [[27th Polish Home Army Infantry Division]] is re-created, marking the start of [[Operation Tempest]] by the Polish [[Home Army]], a resistance force.
** [[1944 San Juan earthquake]]: An earthquake hits [[San Juan, Argentina]], killing an estimated 10,000 people, in the worst natural disaster in Argentina's history.
** The [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] begins in Italy. British forces cross the [[Garigliano]] River. [[United States Army North|U.S. Fifth Army]] troops, commanded by Lieutenant-General [[Mark W. Clark]], arrive at the Garigliano, to begin their attack against the [[Gustav Line]] south of Rome. The [[French Expeditionary Corps (1943–44)|French Expeditionary Corps]], under command of General [[Alphonse Juin]], moves into the mountains north of [[Monte Cassino]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Ken|last=Ford|year=2004|title=Cassino 1944: Breaking the Gustav Line|url=https://archive.org/details/cassinobreakingg00ford|url-access=limited|page=[https://archive.org/details/cassinobreakingg00ford/page/n9 12]|publisher=Osprey|location=Oxford|isbn=978-1-84176-623-2}}</ref>
** The [[Soviet Union]] ceases production of the [[Mosin–Nagant 1891/30]] [[sniper rifle]].
* [[January 17]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy]] begins in the Soviet Ukraine.
* [[January 20]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Royal Air Force]] drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin.
** The [[36th Infantry Division (United States)|United States 36th Infantry Division]] in Italy attempts to cross the [[Rapido (river)|Rapido]] River.
* [[January 22]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Shingle]]: The [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] begin the assault on [[Anzio]], Italy. The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 45th Infantry Division]] stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for four months. 
* [[January 25]] &ndash; A [[Solar eclipse of January 25, 1944|total solar eclipse]] is visible in Pacific Ocean, South America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa, the 48th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 130]].
* [[January 27]] &ndash; WWII:
** The two-year [[Siege of Leningrad]] is lifted.
** [[Light cruiser]] {{HMS|Spartan|95|6}} is sunk by a [[Henschel Hs 293]] [[guided missile]] from a German aircraft off [[Anzio]], western Italy, with the loss of 46 men.
* [[January 29]] &ndash; WWII: [[Koniuchy massacre]] &ndash; A unit of [[Soviet partisans]] accompanied by [[Jewish partisans]] kills at least 38 civilians in the village of [[Kaniūkai|Koniuchy]] in [[Nazi occupied Lithuania]].
* [[January 30]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Battle of Cisterna]] opens as [[United States Army Rangers]] attempt to break out of the [[Anzio]] beachhead.
** United States troops invade [[Majuro, Marshall Islands]].
* [[January 31]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Kwajalein]]: American forces land on [[Kwajalein Atoll]] and other islands in the Japanese-held [[Marshall Islands]].

===February===
{{Main article|February 1944}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-2005-0004, Italien, Monte Cassino.jpg|thumb|The Abbey of [[Monte Cassino]] in ruins after being [[Battle of Monte Cassino|destroyed by Allied bombing]], February 1944.]]
* The [[Zadran (Pashtun tribe)|Zadran]] tribe rises up against the Afghan government, starting the [[Afghan tribal revolts of 1944–1947]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ГЛАВА XXXVIII. ВОССТАНИЕ ПУШТУНСКИХ ПЛЕМЕН 1944 -1945 ГГ. В|url=https://scibook.net/stran-azii-istoriya/xxxviii-vosstanie-pushtunskih-plemen-1944-1945-38755.html|website=scibook.net|access-date=2020-04-29}}</ref>
* [[February 2]] &ndash; The first issue of ''[[Human Events]]'' is published in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C]].
* [[February 3]] &ndash; WWII: United States [[4th Marine Division (United States)|4th Marine Division]] with the help of the [[7th Infantry Division (United States)|7th Infantry Division]] capture the [[Marshall Islands]].
* [[February 7]] &ndash; WWII: At [[Anzio]], German forces launch a counteroffensive.
* [[February 8]] &ndash; WWII:
** 2,765 drown when American [[Submarine#World War II|submarine]] {{USS|Snook|SS-279|6}} torpedoes Japanese troop transport ''[[Lima Maru]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/mota02.pdf|title=Convoy Mo-Ta-06 (モタ61船団)|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-18}}</ref>
** 2,670 drown when British submarine {{HMS|Sportsman|P229|6}} torpedoes German-captured {{ship|German ship|Petrella||2}} carrying Italian prisoners of war.<ref name=gmd>{{cite web|url=http://www.shipwreckregistry.com/index6.htm|title=Greatest Maritime Disasters|publisher=International Registry of Sunken Ships|access-date=2010-12-06}}</ref>
* [[February 14]] &ndash; WWII: An anti-Japanese revolt breaks out on [[Java]].
* [[February 15]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Monte Cassino]] &ndash; The monastery atop [[Monte Cassino]] is destroyed by Allied bombing.
* [[February 17]] &ndash; WWII: [[Pacific War]] &ndash; The [[Battle of Eniwetok]] begins when U.S. forces invade the atoll in the [[Marshall Islands]].
* [[February 18]] &ndash; WWII: British light cruiser {{HMS|Penelope|97|6}} is torpedoed and sunk by [[German submarine U-410|''U-410'']] in the Mediterranean; 417 of her crew, including the captain, go down with the ship; 206 survive.
* [[February 20]] &ndash; WWII:
** The "[[Big Week]]" begins, with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
** The United States takes [[Eniwetok Atoll]].
** [[Norwegian heavy water sabotage]]: The [[Norwegian resistance]] sinks train ferry [[SF Hydro|SF ''Hydro'']] which is carrying a shipment of [[heavy water]] from the [[Vemork]] plant to Germany along [[Tinnsjå]] in [[Telemark]].
* [[February 22]] &ndash; WWII: The [[United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe]] is organized from the Eighth Air Force's strategic planning staff, subsuming strategic planning for all [[US Army Air Force]]s in Europe and Africa.
* [[February 23]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush]] ("Operation Lentil"): Forced deportation of [[Chechens]] and [[Ingush people]] from [[North Caucasus]] to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan in [[Central Asia]] by the Soviet authorities begins.
** The [[Battle of Eniwetok]] concludes when U.S. forces secure the last islands in the [[Eniwetok Atoll]].
* [[February 24]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Rasher|SS-269|6}} torpedoes Japanese transports {{SS|Ryūsei Maru||2}} and {{ship||Tango Maru}}; 7,998 drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/maritime-2a.html|title=More Maritime Disasters of World War II|publisher=George Duncan|access-date=2010-12-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110404095404/http://members.iinet.net.au/~gduncan/maritime-2a.html|archive-date=2011-04-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[February 26]]
** [[Kurt Gerron]] begins shooting the [[Nazism|Nazi]] propaganda film ''[[Theresienstadt (film)|Theresienstadt]]'' in [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]]. He and many others who are featured in it are transferred to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] and gassed upon the film's completion.
** [[Sue S. Dauser]] becomes the first woman appointed to the substantive rank of [[Captain (USN)|captain]], in the [[United States Navy Nurse Corps]].
* [[February 29]] &ndash; WWII: [[Pacific War]] &ndash; The [[Admiralty Islands campaign]] (Operation Brewer) opens when U.S. forces land on [[Los Negros Island]] in the [[Admiralty Islands]].

===March===
{{Main article|March 1944}}
[[File:Mt Vesuvius Erupting 1944.jpg|thumb|The March 1944 eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]].]]
* [[March]] &ndash; Austrian-born [[economist]] [[Friedrich Hayek]] publishes his book ''[[The Road to Serfdom]]'' in [[London]].
* [[March 1]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Trout|SS-202|6}} torpedoes Japanese merchant cruiser {{ship||Sakito Maru}}; 2,495 drown.<ref name="senbotsukisen">{{cite web|url=http://www.ric.hi-ho.ne.jp/senbotusen/siryo-deta/senbotukisenlist.pdf|title=List of sunken ships in Pacific War (太平洋戦争時の喪失船舶明細表)|publisher=Sunken Ships Record Association (戦没船を記録する会)|access-date=2012-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202233818/http://www.ric.hi-ho.ne.jp/senbotusen/siryo-deta/senbotukisenlist.pdf|archive-date=2013-12-02|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[March 2]] &ndash; The [[16th Academy Awards]] Ceremony is held, the first Oscar ceremony held at a large public venue, [[Grauman's Chinese Theatre]] in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]]. ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]]'', directed by [[Michael Curtiz]], wins the [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Award for Best Picture]].
* [[March 3]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Order of Nakhimov]] and the [[Order of Ushakov]] are instituted in the [[USSR]].
* [[March 4]] &ndash; [[Louis Buchalter]], the leader of [[1930s]] crime syndicate [[Murder, Inc.]], is executed at [[Sing Sing]], in [[Ossining (village), New York|Ossining, New York]], along with [[Emanuel Weiss]] and [[Louis Capone]].
* [[March 6]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet Army planes [[Bombing of Narva in World War II|attack]] [[Narva]], [[Estonia]], destroying over 95% of the town.<ref name="kattago2">{{cite journal |last=Kattago |first=Siobhan |year=2008 |title=Commemorating Liberation and Occupation: War Memorials Along the Road to Narva |journal=[[Journal of Baltic Studies]] |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=431–449 |doi=10.1080/01629770802461225 |s2cid=145001694}}</ref>
* [[March 9]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet Army planes [[Bombing of Tallinn in World War II|attack]] [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]], killing 757 and leaving 25,000 homeless.
* [[March 10]]
** In Britain, the prohibition on married women working as teachers is lifted.<ref>{{cite book|first=David|last=Kynaston|title=Austerity Britain 1945–1951|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7475-7985-4}}</ref>
** Resistance leader [[Joop Westerweel]] is arrested while returning to the Netherlands, having escorted a group of Jewish children to safety in [[Spain]].
* [[March 12]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Political Committee of National Liberation]] is created in Greece.
* [[March 15]]
** WWII: [[Battle of Monte Cassino]]: [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] aircraft bomb the monastery, and an assault is staged.
** WWII: The National Council of the [[French Resistance]] approves the [[Resistance movement|Resistance]] programme.
** The [[Soviet Union]] introduces [[State Anthem of the Soviet Union|a new anthem]], replacing ''[[The Internationale]]''.
* [[March 18]]
**The last eruption of [[Mount Vesuvius]] in Italy kills 26, and causes thousands to flee their homes.
**WWII: The Nazis execute almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-[[fascist]] Romanians at [[Rîbnița]].
* [[March 19]] 
** WWII: [[Operation Margarethe]]: German forces occupy Hungary.
** The secular [[oratorio]] ''[[A Child of Our Time]]'' by [[Michael Tippett]] is premiered at the [[Adelphi Theatre]] in London.<ref name=Amis>{{cite journal|last= Amis|first= John|author-link= John Amis|title= New Choral Work by Michael Tippett: ''A Child of Our Time''|journal=[[The Musical Times]]|volume= 85|issue= 1212|date= February 1944|pages=41–42|jstor= 921782|doi= 10.2307/921782}} {{subscription required}}</ref>
* [[March 20]] – WWII:
** [[Landing on Emirau]]: 4,000 [[United States Marines]] land on [[Emirau Island]] in the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] to develop an airbase, as part of [[Operation Cartwheel]].
** British [[Royal Air Force]] Flight Sergeant [[Nicholas Alkemade]]'s bomber is hit over Germany, and he has to bail out without a [[parachute]] from a height of over {{convert|4,000|m|sp=us|0}}. Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow.
* [[March 23]] &ndash; WWII: Members of the [[Italian Resistance]] attack [[Nazis]] marching in Via Rasella, killing 33.
* [[March 24]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Ardeatine massacre]]: In Rome, 335 Italians are killed, including 75 Jews and over 200 members of the [[Italian Resistance]] from various groups.
** In [[Markowa]], Poland, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their 6 children and 8 Jews they were hiding.
** [[Stalag Luft III#The great escape|The "Great Escape"]]: 76 [[Royal Air Force]] prisoners of war escape by tunnel "Harry" from [[Stalag Luft III]] in Silesia this night. Only 3 men (2 Norwegians and a Dutchman) return to the UK; of those recaptured, 50 are summarily executed soon afterwards, in the [[Stalag Luft III murders]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Paul|last=Brickhill|authorlink=Paul Brickhill|title=[[The Great Escape (book)|The Great Escape]]|publisher=Norton|year=1950}}</ref>
* [[March 27]] &ndash; In Sweden, [[Ruben Rausing]] patents [[Erik Wallenberg]]'s method of packaging milk in paper, origin of the international company [[Tetra Pak]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Sedig|first=Kjell|year=2002|title=Swedish Innovations|location=Stockholm|publisher=The Swedish Institute|page=45|isbn=91-520-0910-6}}</ref>

===April===
{{Main article|April 1944}}

*[[April 1]] &ndash; The Swiss city of [[Schaffhausen]] is [[Aerial incidents in Switzerland in World War II#Schaffhausen|accidentally bombed]] by the United States causing serious damage to the city and killing or wounding more than 100 people.<ref>{{cite book |title=Air University Review |date=1976 |publisher=Department of the Air Force |page=20 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=py6oImEZoDMC&pg=RA3-PA20 |language=en}}</ref>
*[[April 2]] &ndash; WWII: [[Ascq massacre]]: Members of the [[12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend|12th SS Panzer Division ''Hitlerjugend'']] shoot 85 civilians suspected of blowing up their train on its approach to the [[Gare d'Ascq]] in France.
*[[April 4]] WWII:
**Allied bombardment of [[Bucharest]], Romania begins. The United States Air Force and British Royal Air Force, with approximately 3,640 bombers of different types, accompanied by about 1,830 fighters bomb [[Romania]] for the following 4½ months. As collateral damage, 5,524 inhabitants are killed, 3,373 injured, and 47,974 left homeless.
**An Allied [[Aerial reconnaissance|photoreconnaissance aircraft]] of [[60 Squadron SAAF]] photographs part of [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].
*[[April 10]] 
**[[The Holocaust]]: [[Rudolf Vrba]] and [[Alfréd Wetzler]] escape from [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]; on April 25&ndash;27 they prepare the [[Vrba–Wetzler report]], one of the earliest and most detailed descriptions of the extermination of Jews in the camp.
** WWII: As part of the [[Odessa Offensive]], the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front liberated the city of [[Odessa]] in Southern Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://books.stonebooks.com/wardiary/19440410/ |title=War Diary for Monday, 10 April 1944 |website=Stone & Stone Second World War Books |access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
*[[April 14]]
** [[Bombay Explosion (1944)|Bombay Explosion]]: Freighter SS ''Fort Stikine'', carrying a mixed cargo of ammunition, cotton bales and gold, explodes in harbour at [[Bombay]] (India), sinking surrounding ships and killing around 800 people.
** WWII: As part of the Japanese-supported Axis forces led by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, fighting for India's liberation from British rule, Col. Shaukat Ali Malik of the Bahadur Group of the Indian National Army enters Moirang in modern-day Manipur in northeastern India and raises the flag of the Azri Hukumat e-Azad Hind for the first time on Indian soil. This is considered to be one of the first times in British Indian history where an army of liberation raises the national flag on Indian mainland.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bishnupur.nic.in/tourist-place/ina-memorial-moirang/|title=INA Memorial Moirang &#124; Bishnupur District, Government of Manipur &#124; India|accessdate=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
*[[April 15]] &ndash; Italian fascist philosopher [[Giovanni Gentile]] is assassinated in [[Florence]] by [[:it:Bruno Fanciullacci|Bruno Fanciullacci]], a member of the partisan [[Gruppi di Azione Patriottica]].
*[[April 16]] &ndash; WWII: Allied forces start bombing [[Belgrade]], killing about 1,100 people. This bombing falls on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
*[[April 19]] &ndash; WWII:
** The Japanese launch the [[Operation Ichi-Go]] offensive in central and south China.
** [[:fr:Semaine rouge (Rouen)|Semaine rouge]]: American and British planes bomb the city of [[Rouen]].
*[[April 20]] 
** Members of the [[Slovene Home Guard]] swear an oath to [[Hitler]] on his birthday at [[Bežigrad Stadium]].
* [[April 22]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Hollandia]]: American forces disembark at [[Tanahmerah Bay]] and at [[Yos Sudarso Bay]], near [[Jayapura|Hollandia]]. The landings are undertaken simultaneously with the amphibious [[Landing at Aitape|invasion of Aitape]] ("Operation Persecution") to the east.<ref>Morison, S.E. (1960). ''New Guinea and the Marianas: March 1944 – August 1944'', p. 84. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Volume VIII. Boston: Little, Brown. {{OCLC|174795561}}.</ref>   
*[[April 25]]
** The Holocaust: [[SS]]-''[[Obersturmbannführer]]'' [[Adolf Eichmann]] opens "blood for goods" negotiations with [[Joel Brand]], to offer the release of thousands of Jews from eastern Europe to the Hungarian [[Aid and Rescue Committee]], in exchange for supplies for the German [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]].
** The [[United Negro College Fund]] is incorporated in the [[United States]].
*[[April 26]] &ndash; WWII:
**[[Kidnap of General Kreipe|German General Kreipe is kidnapped]] on [[Crete]], Greece.
** American submarine {{USS|Jack|SS-259|6}} torpedoes Japanese cargo carrier {{SS|Yoshida Maru No. 1||2}}; 2,649 drown.<ref name="take">{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/take.pdf|title=Convoy Take Ichi|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-17}}</ref>
*[[April 28]] &ndash; WWII: Allied convoy T4, forming part of amphibious [[Exercise Tiger]] (a full-scale rehearsal for the [[Normandy landings]]) in [[Start Bay]], off the [[Devon]] coast of England, is attacked by [[E-boat]]s, resulting in the deaths of 749 American servicemen from [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Small|first1=Ken|first2=Mark|last2=Rogerson|title=The Forgotten Dead – Why 946 American Servicemen Died off the Coast of Devon in 1944 – and the Man who Discovered their True Story|location=London|publisher=Bloomsbury|year=1988|isbn=978-0-7475-0309-5}}</ref>

===May===
{{Main article|May 1944}}
[[File:CommonwealthPrimeMinisters1944.jpg|thumb|The prime ministers of Britain and the four major dominions at the 1944 [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting|Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference]], May 1, 1944.]]
* [[May]] &ndash; [[Jean-Paul Sartre]]'s [[Existentialism|existentialist]] drama ''[[No Exit]]'' (''Huis Clos'') premières in Nazi-occupied Paris.
* [[May 1]] &ndash; WWII: Two hundred Communist prisoners [[Kaisariani executions|are shot by the Germans at Kaisariani, Athens, Greece]], in reprisal for the killing of General Franz Krech by Partisans at [[Molaoi]].
* [[May 5]] &ndash; WWII: [[Mohandas Gandhi]] is released from jail in India, on health grounds.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; WWII: In the Soviet city of [[Sevastopol]], Soviet troops completely drive out German forces, who had been ordered by [[Hitler]] to “fight to the last man.”<ref name="ReferenceA">"Year by Year 1944" &ndash; [[History Channel International]]</ref>
* [[May 12]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet troops finalize the liberation of the [[Crimea]].
* [[May 14]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: Predominantly Muslim Albanian troops of the [[21st Waffen Mountain Division of the SS Skanderbeg (1st Albanian)|21st ''Waffen'' Mountain Division of the SS ''Skanderbeg'' (1st Albanian)]] round up 281 Jews in [[Priština]], and hand them over to the Germans for transportation to [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]].
* [[May 15]] &ndash; WWII: Allied military and political leaders, including [[Winston Churchill]], [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]], [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|Dwight Eisenhower]], [[George S. Patton|George Patton]], [[Bernard Montgomery]] and more, meet for the final [[Normandy landings|D-Day]] joint briefing at [[St Paul's Girls' School|St. Paul's School]] in London.    
* May 15&ndash;[[July 8]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Hungarian Jews]] are deported to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] and other [[Nazi concentration camp]]s.
* [[May 17]] &ndash; WWII: [[Merrill's Marauders]] and Chinese troops (some 3,000 men) led by Brigadier General [[Frank Merrill]] capture [[Myitkyina]] airfield, after a 100-kilometer march over the [[Kachin Hills|Kumon Mountain range]] (using mules for carrying supplies).<ref>Taylor, Thomas H. (1997). ''Rangers: Lead the Way'', p. 7. Turner Publishing Co. {{ISBN|1-56311-182-9}}.</ref>
* [[May 18]] &ndash; WWII: 
** [[Battle of Monte Cassino]]: The Germans evacuate [[Monte Cassino]] and [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] forces, led by [[Władysław Anders]] from [[Polish II Corps]], take the stronghold after a struggle that has claimed 20,000 lives.
** [[Deportation of the Crimean Tatars|Crimean Tatars are deported]] by the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[May 20]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Wakde]]: American forces of the [[163rd Infantry Regiment (United States)|163rd Regimental Combat Team]] (some 1,500 men) under Brigadier General [[Jens A. Doe|Jens Doe]] take the Japanese-held [[Wakde|Wakde island]] ([[Dutch New Guinea]]).<ref>Smith, Robert Ross (1953). ''The Approach to the Philippines'', p. 231. United States Army Center of Military History. {{OCLC|570739529}}.</ref>
* [[May 24]] &ndash; WWII: [[West Loch disaster]]: Six [[Landing Ship, Tank|LST]]s are accidentally destroyed and 163 men killed, in [[Pearl Harbor]].
* [[May 30]] &ndash; [[Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois|Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi]] of [[Monaco]], heir to the throne, resigns in favor of her son [[Rainier III, Prince of Monaco|Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi]], who later reigns as Prince Rainier III of Monaco.
* [[May 31]] &ndash; WWII: American destroyer escort {{USS|England|DE-635|6}} sinks the sixth Japanese submarine in two weeks. This [[anti-submarine]] warfare performance remains unmatched through the 20th century.

===June===
{{Main article|June 1944}}
[[File:NormandySupply edit.jpg|thumb|Allied troops land on the beaches of Normandy during [[D-Day]].]]
[[File:LVTs move toward Saipan, past bombarding cruisers, on 15 June 1944 (80-G-231838).jpg|thumb|[[Landing Vehicle Tracked|LVTs]] heading for shore on June 15, 1944, during the [[Battle of Saipan]].]]
* [[June 1]] &ndash; Two [[K-class blimp]]s of the [[United States Navy]] complete the first [[transatlantic crossing]] by [[Blimp|non-rigid airship]]s, from the U.S. to [[French Morocco]], with two stops.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kaiser|first=Don|url=https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/fbd712_4eac320cdad44dd68701e9cecad8e446.pdf|title=K-Ships Across the Atlantic|journal=Naval Aviation News|volume=93|issue=2|year=2011|access-date=2011-09-23}}</ref>
* [[June 2]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Provisional Government of the French Republic]] is established.
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Hans Asperger]] publishes his paper on [[Asperger syndrome]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Asperger|first=H.|orig-year=1944|chapter='Autistic psychopathy' in childhood|editor=Frith, Uta|title=Autism and Asperger Syndrome|url=https://archive.org/details/autismaspergersy00frit|url-access=limited|year=1991|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-38448-3|pages=[https://archive.org/details/autismaspergersy00frit/page/n46 37]–92}}</ref>
* [[June 4]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Rome]] falls to the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]], the first of the [[Axis powers|Axis]] capitals to fall.
** A hunter-killer group of the [[United States Navy]] captures the {{GS|U-505}}, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel has captured an enemy vessel at sea since the [[War of 1812]]. Some significant intelligence data is acquired.
* [[June 5]] &ndash; WWII:
** The German navy's [[Enigma machine|Enigma]] messages are decoded in England almost in real time.
** British [[Group Captain]] [[James Stagg]] correctly forecasts a brief improvement in weather conditions over the [[English Channel]], which will permit the following day's [[Normandy landings]] to take place (having been deferred from today due to unfavourable weather).
** At 10:15&nbsp;p.m. local time, the [[BBC]] transmits coded messages including the second line of the [[Paul Verlaine]] poem "[[Chanson d'automne]]" to the [[French Resistance]], indicating that the invasion of Europe is about to begin.<ref>{{cite book|author-link=M. R. D. Foot|last=Foot|first=M. R. D.|title=SOE: An Outline History of the Special Operations Executive 1940–46|location=London|publisher=Pimlico|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7126-6585-8|page=143}}</ref>
** More than 1,000 British bombers drop 5,000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the [[Normandy]] coast, in preparation for [[D-Day]].
** US and British [[airborne forces|airborne]] divisions drop into Normandy, in preparation for D-Day.
** [[D-Day naval deceptions]] are launched.
* [[June 6]] &ndash; WWII: D-Day: 155,000 [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] troops shipped from England land on the beaches of [[Normandy]] in northern France, beginning [[Operation Overlord]] and the [[Invasion of Normandy]]. The Allied soldiers quickly break through the [[Atlantic Wall]] and push inland, in the largest amphibious [[military]] operation in history. This operation helps liberate France from Germany, and also weakens the Nazi hold on Europe.
* [[June 7]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Bayeux]] is liberated by British troops.
** [[Operation Perch]], a British attempt to capture [[Caen]] from the Germans, commences; it is abandoned on June 14.
** The steamer ''Danae'' ({{langx|el|Δανάη}}), carrying 600 [[Crete|Cretans]] (including 350 Greek Jews) on the first leg of the journey to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]], is sunk, with no known survivors, off [[Santorini]].
** [[Joel Brand]] is intercepted by British agents in [[Aleppo]].
* [[June 9]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet leader [[Joseph Stalin]] launches the [[Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive]] against Finland, with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; WWII: [[Oradour-sur-Glane massacre]]: 642 men, women and children are killed in France.
* [[June 13]] &ndash; WWII: Germany launches the first [[V-1 flying bomb]] attack on London.<ref name="Pocket On This Day">{{cite book|title=Penguin Pocket On This Day|publisher=Penguin Reference Library|isbn=978-0-14-102715-9|year=2006}}</ref>
* [[June 15]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Saipan]]: United States forces land on [[Saipan]].
* [[June 15]]–[[June 16|16]] &ndash; WWII: [[Bombing of Yawata (June 1944)|Bombing of Yawata]] &ndash; The [[United States Army Air Forces]] conduct the first air raid on the Japanese home islands.
* [[June 16]] &ndash; At age 14, [[African-American]] teenage boy [[George Stinney|George Stinney Jr.]] becomes the youngest person ever executed by [[electric chair]] in the United States.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; [[Iceland]] declares full independence from Denmark.
* [[June 19]] &ndash; WWII: A severe storm badly damages the [[Mulberry harbour]]s on the [[Normandy]] coast.
* [[June 20]] &ndash; WWII: A [[V-2 rocket]] becomes the first man-made object to cross the [[Kármán line]] and reach the edge of space.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029228951|url-access=registration|last=Neufeld|first=Michael J.|publisher=The Free Press|year=1995|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780029228951/page/158 158], 160–162, 190|isbn=9780029228951}}</ref>
* [[June 22]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Operation Bagration]]: A general attack by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] forces clears the German forces from [[Belarus]], resulting in the destruction of German [[Army Group Centre]], possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
** [[Burma Campaign]]: The [[Battle of Kohima]] ends in a British victory.
* [[June 23]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Maurice Rossel]] of the [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] visits [[Theresienstadt concentration camp]], uncritically accepting the propaganda view of it presented by the ''[[Schutzstaffel]]''.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Battle of Tali-Ihantala]] (the largest battle ever in the [[Nordic countries]]): Finland is able to resist the Soviet attack, and thus manages to remain an independent nation.
** [[Bombardment of Cherbourg|Cherbourg is bombarded]] by ships of the [[United States Navy]] and British [[Royal Navy]], in support of U.S. ground troops.
* [[June 26]] &ndash; WWII: American troops enter [[Cherbourg-Octeville|Cherbourg]].
* [[June 29]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Sturgeon|SS-187|6}} torpedoes Japanese troop transport {{ship||Toyama Maru}}; 5,400 drown.<ref name=gmd/>
* [[June 30]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Tang|SS-306|6}} torpedoes Japanese troop transport {{SS|Nikkin Maru}}; 3,219 drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/nikkin.pdf|title=Nikkin Maru - Casualties (日錦丸の被害)|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-18}}</ref>

===July===
{{Main article|July 1944}}
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1972-025-12, Zerstörte Lagerbaracke nach dem 20. Juli 1944.jpg|thumb|Aftermath of the failed [[20 July plot]] to kill Hitler.]]
[[File:19440816 soviet soldiers attack jelgava.jpg|thumb|Soviet soldiers fight in the streets of [[Jelgava]], summer 1944.]]
[[File:Medics helping injured soldier in France, 1944 - NARA - 535973.tif|thumb|American medics helping injured soldier in France, 1944.]]
* July&ndash;October &ndash; WWII: Germans are driven out of Lithuania leading to reimposition of the [[Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic]].
* [[July 1]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference]] begins at [[Bretton Woods, New Hampshire]], United States.
* [[July 3]] &ndash; WWII:
** Soviet troops liberate [[Minsk]].
** [[Battle of Imphal]]: Japanese forces call off their advance, ending the battle with a British victory.
* [[July 4]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Windsor]]: Canadian forces of the [[3rd Canadian Division|3rd Canadian Infantry Division]] attack [[Carpiquet]] airfield defended by German troops of the ''[[12th SS Panzer Division Hitlerjugend]]'' of [[5th Panzer Army|Panzergruppe West]].
* [[July 6]] &ndash; WWII: At [[Camp Hood]], Texas, future baseball star and 1st Lt. [[Jackie Robinson]] is arrested and later [[court-martial]]ed, for refusing to move to the back of a segregated U.S. Army bus (he is eventually acquitted).
* [[July 9]] &ndash; WWII: British and Canadian forces capture [[Caen]].
* [[July 10]]–[[July 11|11]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Jupiter (1944)|Operation Jupiter]] during the Battle of Normandy of World War II: British strategic victory over German Panzer Corps.
* [[July 10]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet troops begin operations to liberate the [[Baltic states|Baltic countries]] from Nazi occupation.
* [[July 12]]&ndash;[[July 21|21]] &ndash; WWII: [[Dortan massacre]] &ndash; 35&ndash;36 French civilians are killed by ''[[Ostlegionen]]'' (Cossacks) serving with the ''[[Wehrmacht]]''.
* [[July 13]] &ndash; WWII: [[Vilnius]] is freed by Soviet forces.
* [[July 16]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Adolf Hitler]] departs [[Berchtesgaden]] for what will be the final time as he flies to the [[Wolf's Lair]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.stonebooks.com/wardiary/19440716/|title=War Diary for Sunday, 16 July 1944|website=Stone & Stone Second World War Books|access-date=2016-03-01}}</ref> aborting [[Operation Foxley]], a British plot to assassinate him.
** The first contingent of the [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force]] arrives in Italy.
* [[July 17]] &ndash; WWII:
** The largest convoy of the war embarks from [[Halifax Harbour]], [[Nova Scotia]], under [[Royal Canadian Navy]] protection.
** [[Port Chicago disaster]]: The SS ''E. A. Bryan'', loaded with ammunition, explodes at the [[Port Chicago, California]], Naval Magazine, killing 320 sailors and civilian personnel.
* [[July 18]] &ndash; WWII:
** American forces push back the Germans in [[Saint-Lô]], capturing the city.
** British forces launch [[Operation Goodwood]], an armoured offensive aimed at driving the Germans from the high ground to the south of [[Caen]]. The offensive ends 2 days later with minimal gains.
** [[Hideki Tōjō]] resigns as [[Prime Minister of Japan]] due to numerous setbacks in the war effort and is succeeded on [[July 22]] by [[Kuniaki Koiso]].
* [[July 20]]
** WWII: [[Adolf Hitler]] survives the [[20 July plot]] to assassinate him led by [[Claus von Stauffenberg]]; he and his fellow conspirators in this and [[Operation Valkyrie]] are executed the following day.
** The annular [[solar eclipse of July 20, 1944]] is visible in Africa, Indian Ocean, Asia, Pacific Ocean and Australia, and is the 35th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 135]].
* [[July 21]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Battle of Guam (1944)|Battle of Guam]]: American troops land on [[Guam]] (the battle ends [[August 10]]).
** The Soviet-sponsored [[Polish Committee of National Liberation]] is created, in opposition to the [[Polish government-in-exile]].
* [[July 22]]
**The [[Bretton Woods Conference]] ends with agreements signed to set up the [[International Bank for Reconstruction and Development]], [[General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade]] and [[International Monetary Fund]].
**The new Polish Committee of National Liberation publishes the [[PKWN Manifesto]] in [[Chełm]], calling for a continuation of fighting against Nazi Germany, radical reforms including nationalisation of industry, and a "decent border in the West" (the [[Oder–Neisse line]]).
**''United States v. Masaaki Kuwabara'',<ref>56 F. Supp. 716 (N.D. Cal 1944).</ref> the only [[Japanese American]] draft avoidance case to be dismissed on a due process violation of the U.S. Constitution.
* [[July 23]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: [[Majdanek concentration camp]] is liberated by the Soviet [[Red Army]] and much incriminating evidence of the atrocities committed there is found.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ww2db.com/battle_spec.php?battle_id=136|title=Discovery of Concentration Camps and the Holocaust|work=World War II Database}}</ref>
* [[July 25]] &ndash; WWII:
**[[Operation Spring]]: One of the bloodiest days for Canadian forces during the war results in 1,550 casualties, including 450 killed, during the [[Operation Overlord|Normandy Campaign]].
**[[Operation Cobra]]: American forces launch an air and ground offensive against the German defenders in western Normandy, forcing them to retreat.
**[[Battle of Tannenberg Line]] (or "Battle of the Blue Hills") in northeastern [[Estonia]] begins: The [[Red Army]] will gain a Pyrrhic victory by August 10.
* [[July 26]] &ndash; WWII: A [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] becomes the first [[Jet aircraft|jet]] [[fighter aircraft]] to have an operational victory.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Radinger|first1=Will|first2=Walter|last2=Schick|title=Me 262|language=de|location=Berlin|publisher=Avantic Verlag GmbH|year=1996|isbn=978-3-925505-21-8}}</ref>
* [[July 27]] &ndash; WWII: Soviet forces liberated [[Lvov]], [[Ivano-Frankivsk|Stanislav]] and [[Białystok]], and the following day entered [[Brest, Belarus|Brest]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Bluecoat]]: British forces launch a ground offensive to secure the road junction of [[Vire]] and the high ground of [[Mont Pinçon]].
* [[July 31]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Parche|SS-384|6}} torpedoes Japanese troop transport ''[[Yoshino Maru]]''; 2,495 drown.<ref name="senbotsukisen"/>

===August===
{{Main article|August 1944}}
 {{multiple image
 | direction = vertical
 | width = 250
 | header= 
 | image1 = Polish Boy Scouts fighting in the Warsaw Uprising.jpg
 | caption1 = [[Szare Szeregi]] Scouts also fought in the [[Warsaw Uprising]].
 | image2 = Jewish prisones of KZGesiowka liberated by Polish Soldiers of Home Army Warsaw1944.jpg
 | caption2 = Jewish prisoners of [[Gęsiówka]] liberated by Polish soldiers from [[Batalion Zośka]], August 5, 1944.
 | image3 = Crowds of French patriots line the Champs Elysees-edit2.jpg
 | caption3 = Crowds of French people line the Champs Élysées following the [[Liberation of Paris]], August 26, 1944.}}
* [[August 1]]
** WWII: The [[Warsaw Uprising]] begins.
** WWII: Soviet forces liberated [[Kaunas]].
* [[August 2]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Single-party period of the Republic of Turkey#World War II|Turkey]] ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
** The First Assembly of [[ASNOM]] (the Anti-Fascist Assembly for the People's Liberation of [[Independent Macedonia (1944)|Macedonia]]) is held in the [[Prohor Pčinjski Monastery|Prohor Pčinjski monastery]].
* [[August 3]] &ndash; The [[Education Act 1944|Education Act]] in the United Kingdom, promoted by [[Rab Butler]], creates a [[Tripartite System|Tripartite system]] of education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_qyia33-PwC&q=The%20Education%20Act%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%20promoted%20by%20Rab%20Butler%2C%20creates%20a%20Tripartite%20system%20of%20education%20in%20England%2C%20Wales%20and%20Northern%20Ireland&pg=PA221|title=Ulster Since 1600: Politics, Economy, and Society|last=Kennedy|first=Liam|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2013|isbn=9780199583119|pages=221}}</ref>
* [[August 4]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[The Holocaust]]: A tip from a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] informer leads the [[Gestapo]] to a sealed-off area in an [[Amsterdam]] warehouse, where they find Jewish diarist [[Anne Frank]], her family, and others in hiding. All will die in captivity, except for [[Otto Frank]], Anne's father.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/01/opinion/prose-anne-frank-final-diary-entry|title=Anne Frank's final entry|first=Francine|last=Prose|author-link=Francine Prose|date=2014-08-01|publisher=CNN|quote=On Friday, August 4, 1944... a car pulled up in front of a spice warehouse at [[Anne Frank House|263 Prinsengracht]] in Amsterdam. Inside the car were an Austrian Gestapo officer and his Dutch subordinates, who, acting on a tip-off (whose source has never been identified), had come to arrest the eight Jews who had been hiding for two years in an attic above the warehouse. The eight prisoners were taken to a deportation camp, from where they were sent to [[Auschwitz]]. Only one of them, Otto Frank, would survive.|access-date=2014-08-01}}</ref>
** The [[Parliament of Finland|Finnish Parliament]], by [[derogation]], elects Marshal [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim|C. G. E. Mannerheim]] as [[President of Finland]] to replace [[Risto Ryti]], who has resigned.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.apu.fi/artikkelit/suomen-presidentit-sarja-mannerheim-oli-vaaran-ajan-paamies|title=Suomen presidentit -sarja: Mannerheim oli väärän ajan päämies|work=Artikkelit|date=December 6, 2017|publisher=Apu–lehti|access-date=August 3, 2021|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[August 5]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Warsaw Uprising]]:
*** The [[Wola massacre]] begins. Between now and August 12, 40,000 to 50,000 Polish civilians will be indiscriminately massacred by occupying SS troops.
*** [[The Holocaust]]: Polish insurgents liberate a German [[labor camp]] in [[Warsaw]], freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
** [[Cowra breakout]]: Over 500 Japanese prisoners of war attempt a mass breakout from the [[Cowra]] camp in Australia. In the ensuing manhunt, 231 Japanese escapees and four Australian soldiers are killed.
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[IBM]] dedicates the first program-controlled [[calculator]], the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the [[Harvard Mark I]]).
* [[August 9]] &ndash; The [[United States Forest Service]] and the [[Wartime Advertising Council]] release the first posters featuring [[Smokey Bear]].
* [[August 12]] &ndash; WWII:
** The Allies capture [[History of Florence#20th century|Florence]], Italy.
** [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre]]: The ''[[Waffen-SS]]'' and [[Black Brigades]] paramilitaries murder about 560 civilians and refugees (including more than 100 children) in the Italian village of [[Sant'Anna di Stazzema]], burn their bodies, and leave their houses semi-derelict.<ref>{{cite book|first1=Claudia|last1=Buratti|first2=Giovanni|last2=Cipollini|title=Vite bruciate: La strage di Sant'Anna di Stazzema 1944–2005|location=Rome|year=2006}}</ref>
** In the [[Kara Sea]], a German submarine [[German submarine U-365|U-365]] torpedoes the passenger-cargo ship Marina Raskova. 618 people died.
** [[Operation Pluto]]: The world's first undersea [[oil pipeline]] is laid between England and France.
* [[August 15]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Dragoon]] lands Allies in southern France. The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 45th Infantry Division]] participates in its fourth assault landing at [[Sainte-Maxime]], spearheading the drive for the [[Belfort Gap]].
* [[August 18]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Rasher|SS-269|6}} sinks ''Teia Maru'', ''Eishin Maru'', ''Teiyu Maru'', and [[aircraft carrier]] {{Ship|Japanese aircraft carrier|Taiyō||2}} from Japanese convoy HI71, in one of the most effective American "[[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]]" attacks of the war.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cressman|first=Robert J.|title=The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in WWII|url=https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/248|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2000|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-55750-149-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/248 248]}}</ref>
* [[August 19]] &ndash; WWII:
** American submarine {{USS|Spadefish|SS-411|6}} torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship {{ship||Tamatsu Maru}}; more than 4,400 Japanese servicemen drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/hi71.pdf|title=Convoy Hi-71 (ヒ71船団)|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-17}}</ref>
** [[Liberation of Paris]] starts with resistance forces staging an insurrection against the German occupiers.
* [[August 20]] &ndash; WWII:
** American forces successfully defeat Nazi forces at [[Chambois, Orne|Chambois]], closing the [[Falaise Pocket]].
** 168 captured Allied airmen, including [[Phil Lamason]], accused of being "terror fliers" by the [[Gestapo]], arrive at [[Buchenwald concentration camp]], where they form the [[KLB Club]].
* [[August 21]]
** The [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]] (Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) opens in Washington, D.C.: U.S., British, Chinese, French and Soviet representatives meet to plan the foundation of the [[United Nations]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
** WWII: [[Operation Tractable]] concludes, when Canadian troops relieve the Polish and link with the Americans, capturing remaining German forces in the [[Falaise Pocket]], and securing the strategically important French town of [[Falaise, Calvados|Falaise]], in the final offensive of the [[Battle of Normandy]].
* [[August 22]] &ndash; WWII:
** {{ship||Tsushima Maru}}, an unmarked Japanese passenger/cargo ship, is sunk by [[torpedo]]es launched by the [[submarine]] {{USS|Bowfin|SS-287|6}} off [[Akuseki-jima]], killing 1,484 civilians, including 767 schoolchildren.
** [[Holocaust of Kedros]]: German ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' infantry begin an intimidatory razing operation, killing 164, against the civilian residents of nine villages in the [[Amari Valley]] on the occupied Greek island of [[Crete]].
* [[August 23]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[King Michael's Coup]]: [[Ion Antonescu]], Conducator of [[Romania]], and [[Mihai Antonescu]], [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania)|Foreign Minister of Romania]], are arrested and a new military government established. Romania leaves the war against the [[Soviet Union]], joining the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]]. General Constantin Sanatescu is the "armed force" of the coup d'état and will be appointed by [[King Michael of Romania]] as prime minister of Romania on September 1.
** [[Padule di Fucecchio massacre]]: At least 174 Italian civilians are killed by members of the [[23rd Infantry Division (Wehrmacht)]] as a reprisal for the wounding of two soldiers.
* [[August 24]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Liberation of Paris]]: Forces of [[Free France]] are the first of the Allies to enter Paris.
** As part of the [[Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive]], the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front liberated the city of [[Chișinău]]. 
** At [[Buchères]] in France, men of the 51st [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]-Brigade massacre 68 civilians (half of them women) aged from 6 months to above seventy years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bruge|first=Roger|year=1994|title=1944 – Le temps des Massacres: Les crimes de la Gestapo et de la 51e Brigade SS|publisher=Albin Michel|isbn=2-226-06966-6}}</ref>
** Japanese vessels attack and sink the submarine {{USS|Harder|SS-257|6}} off [[Luzon]].
* [[August 25]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Liberation of Paris#German surrender (25 August)|German surrender of Paris]]:The Allies enter Paris in force and General [[Dietrich von Choltitz]] surrenders the city to them, in defiance of Hitler's orders to destroy it. This successfully completes [[Operation Overlord]].
** [[Maillé massacre]]: 129 civilians (70% women and children) are massacred by the Gestapo at [[Maillé, Indre-et-Loire]].
** Hungary decides to [[Hungary in World War II|continue the war]] together with Germany.
** The [[Red Ball Express]] convoy system begins operation, supplying tons of materiel to Allied forces in France.
* [[August 29]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Slovak Republic (1939–45)|Slovak]] National Uprising against the Axis powers begins.
* [[August 31]] &ndash; 
** WWII: The Romanian capital [[History of Bucharest#1940s|Bucharest is captured by the Red Army]].
** The [[Mad Gasser of Mattoon]] apparently resumes his mysterious attacks in [[Mattoon, Illinois]] for two weeks.

===September===
{{Main article|September 1944}}
[[File:Waves of paratroops land in Holland.jpg|thumb|Waves of paratroopers land in the Netherlands during [[Operation Market Garden]] in September 1944.]]
* [[September]] &ndash; The [[Dutch famine of 1944|Dutch famine]] ("Hongerwinter") begins, in the occupied northern part of the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite book|first=Henri A.|last=Van der Zee|title=The Hunger Winter: Occupied Holland 1944–5|location=London|publisher=Norman & Hobhouse|year=1982|isbn=978-0-906908-71-6}}</ref>
* [[September 2]]
** WWII: In [[Bulgaria]], the [[Ivan Ivanov Bagryanov|Bagryanov]] government resigns. [[Konstantin Muraviev]] becomes new prime minister.
** [[The Holocaust]]: Diarist [[Anne Frank]] and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to [[Auschwitz concentration camp]], arriving 3 days later.
** ''[[¡Hola!]]'' magazine is launched in [[Barcelona]].
** The last execution of a Finn in [[Finland]] will take place when soldier [[Olavi Laiho]] is executed by shooting in [[Oulu]].<ref>Penkkala-Arikka, Päivi (2006) ''Erään Mauno Olavin tarina. Olavi Laiho, viimeinen teloitettu suomalainen'' ["A Story of one Mauno Olavi. Olavi Laiho, the last executed Finn."]. (Master's thesis) University of Helsinki</ref>
* [[September 3]] &ndash; WWII: The Allies liberate [[Brussels]].
* [[September 4]] &ndash; WWII:
** The British [[11th Armoured Division (United Kingdom)|11th Armoured Division]] liberates the city of [[Antwerp]], Belgium.
** Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
* [[September 5]]
** WWII: The Soviet Union declares war on [[Bulgaria]].
** [[Belgium]], [[Netherlands]] and [[Luxembourg]] constitute [[Benelux]].
* [[September 6]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Tartu Offensive]] in [[Estonia]] concludes, with Soviet forces capturing [[Tartu]].
* [[September 7]] &ndash; WWII:
** The Belgian [[government in exile]] returns to Brussels from London.
** Members of [[Vichy France]]'s collaborationist government are relocated to Germany where an enclave is established for them in [[Sigmaringen Castle]].
** [[Shin'yō Maru incident|''Shin'yō Maru'' incident]]: Japanese cargo ship {{SS|Shinyō Maru}} is torpedoed and sunk in the [[Sulu Sea]] by American submarine [[USS Paddle (SS-263)|USS ''Paddle'']] while carrying 750 American prisoners of war; 688 perish.
* [[September 8]] &ndash; WWII:
** The first [[V-2 rocket]] attack on London takes place, launched from [[The Hague]].<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/>
** Soviet forces begin the one and a half month-long [[Battle of the Dukla Pass]].
** The French town of [[Menton]] is liberated from German forces.
** Bulgaria declares war on [[Germany]].
* [[September 9]] &ndash; WWII: The Bulgarian government is [[1944 Bulgarian coup d'état|overthrown]] by the [[Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)|Fatherland Front]] coalition, which establishes a pro-Soviet government.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; WWII: Liberation of [[Luxembourg]].
* [[September 11]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Laksevåg]] [[floating dry dock]] at [[Bergen]] (Norway) is sunk by British [[X-class submarine]] ''X-24''.
** An approaching formation of 36 US [[bomber]]s is engaged by a German fighter squadron (''[[Jagdgeschwader]]'') in the [[Battle over the Ore Mountains]]. After the first German attack on the bombers, US ''[[North American P-51|Mustangs]]'' attack the German squadron in aerial dogfights.
* [[September 12]] &ndash; WWII: Allied forces from [[Operation Overlord]] (in northern France) and [[Operation Dragoon]] (in the south) link up near [[Dijon]].
* [[September 13]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Battle of Meligalas]] begins, between the [[Greek Resistance]] forces of the [[Greek People's Liberation Army]] (ELAS) and the [[Hellenic State (1941–1944)|collaborationist]] [[Security Battalions]].
* [[September 14]]
** WWII: The [[Baltic offensive]] of Soviet troops begins.
** [[1944 Great Atlantic hurricane|The Great Atlantic hurricane]] makes landfall in the New York City area.
* [[September 15]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Battle of Peleliu]] begins in the Pacific.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Market Garden]]: Allied airborne landings begin in the Netherlands and Germany.
* [[September 17]]&ndash;[[September 20|20]] &ndash; WWII: [[Italian Campaign (World War II)|Italian Campaign]] &ndash; In the [[Battle of San Marino]], British and Empire forces take the occupied neutral republic of [[San Marino]] from the German Army.
* [[September 18]] &ndash; WWII:
** British submarine {{HMS|Tradewind|P329|6}} torpedoes Japanese "[[hell ship]]" {{ship||Jun'yō Maru}}; 5,620 drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/junyopg8.html|last=van der Kuil|first=Peter|title=List of Casualties|work=The Sinking of the Junyo Maru|date=March 2003|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312064714/http://www.members.iinet.net.au/~vanderkp/junyopg8.html|archive-date=2012-03-12}}</ref>
** After German forces declare the evacuation of [[Estonia]] the day before, the Estonian national government [[Estonia in World War II#Attempt to restore independence|briefly resumes control]] of [[Tallinn]] before the Soviet advance.
* [[September 19]] &ndash; WWII:
** The [[Moscow Armistice]] between Finland and the Soviet Union is signed, ending the [[Continuation War]].
** The [[Battle of Hürtgen Forest]] begins, east of the Belgian–German border.
* [[September 22]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Red Army]] captures [[Tallinn]], [[Estonia]]. Prime Minister in Duties of the [[President of Estonia]] [[Jüri Uluots]] and 80,000 Estonian civilians manage to escape to Sweden and Germany. The evacuees include almost the entire population of [[Estonian Swedes]]. Soviet bombing raids on the evacuating ships sink several, with thousands on board.
* [[September 24]] &ndash; WWII: The [[45th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 45th Infantry Division]] takes the strongly defended city of [[Épinal]] in France before crossing the [[Moselle]] River and entering the western foothills of the [[Vosges]].
* [[September 26]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Operation Market Garden]] ends in an Allied withdrawal.
** On the [[Gothic Line#Central Front (5th Army)|middle front]] of the [[Gothic Line#Battle|Gothic Line]], Brazilian troops control the Serchio valley region after 10 days of fighting.

===October===
{{Main article|October 1944}}
[[File:Henry Larsen on St Roch.jpg|thumb|[[Henry Larsen (explorer)|Henry Larsen]] becomes the first person successfully to navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in both directions, July–October 1944.]]
[[File:7th Cavalry Leyte Island 20 10 1944.jpeg|thumb|American troops advance towards San Jose on Leyte Island, October 20, 1944.]]
[[File:USS Princeton (CVL-23) 1944 10 24 1.jpg|thumb|[[Light aircraft carrier]] {{USS|Princeton|CVL-23|6}} afire, east of [[Luzon]], October 24, 1944.]]
[[File:Volkssturm armband.svg|thumb|[[Volkssturm]] founded in October 1944.]]
[[File:Douglas MacArthur lands Leyte1.jpg|thumb|[[Battle of Leyte]] begins – [[Douglas MacArthur|General MacArthur]] returns to the Philippines, October 20, 1944.]]
[[File:USS Princeton (CVL-23) burning on 24 October 1944 (80-G-287970).jpg|thumb|[[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] between [[United States]] and [[Japan]], October 23, 1944.]]
* [[October 2]] &ndash; WWII: [[Nazism|Nazi]] troops end the [[Warsaw Uprising]]. [[Home Army]] commander [[Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski]] signed the act of capitulation. This is followed by the [[Destruction of Warsaw]].
* [[October 4]] &ndash; WWII: [[Milan Nedić]]'s [[Collaborationism|collaborationist]] [[puppet government]] of the [[Axis powers]], the [[Government of National Salvation]] in [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Nazi-occupied Serbia]], is disbanded.
* [[October 5]] &ndash; WWII: [[Royal Canadian Air Force]] pilots<!--what squadron?--> from 401 Squadron shoot down the first German [[Messerschmitt Me 262|Me 262]] over the Netherlands.<ref>{{Cite web |last=International |first=Radio Canada |date=2018-10-05 |title=History Canada: Oct. 5, 1944 – RCAF downs the first German jet |url=https://www.rcinet.ca/en/2018/10/05/history-canada-oct-5-1944-rcaf-downs-the-first-german-jet/ |access-date=2025-04-06 |website=RCI {{!}} English |language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[October 6]]
** WWII: The [[Battle of Debrecen]] starts on the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]], lasting until [[October 29]].
** [[Milan Nedić]], president of the [[Serbia]]n [[Collaborationism|collaborationist]] [[puppet state]] of the [[Axis powers]], the [[Government of National Salvation]], flees from [[Belgrade]] in [[Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia|Nazi-occupied Serbia]] by air together with other Serbian collaborators and German officials, via Hungary to Austria.
** The [[Dumbarton Oaks Conference]] concludes.
* [[October 7]] &ndash; [[The Holocaust]]: Members of the [[Sonderkommando]] – a special detachment of Jewish prisoners who are forced to empty the gas chambers after a mass gassing and undertake the burning of the bodies – organises the only armed revolt that ever takes place in [[Auschwitz concentration camp]]. They succeed in destroying the gas chambers and Crematorium IV. The Waffen-SS murders more than 450 prisoners who take part in the revolt.
* [[October 8]] &ndash; ''[[The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet]]'' radio show debuts in the United States.
* [[October 9]] &ndash; WWII: Fourth [[Moscow Conference (1944)|Moscow Conference]]: British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] and [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] Premier [[Joseph Stalin]] begin a 9-day conference in Moscow, to discuss the future of Europe.
* [[October 10]]
** [[The Holocaust]]/[[Porajmos]]: 800 [[Romani people|Romani]] children are systematically murdered at the [[Auschwitz concentration camp]].
** WWII: [[Formosa Air Battle#Background|10/10 Air Raid]]: Allied forces inflict significant losses upon [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] ships moored in [[Naha]] Harbor, destroying much of the city of Naha, [[Okinawa prefecture|Okinawa]] as well.<!--See [[:ja:https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E3%83%BB%E5%8D%81%E7%A9%BA%E8%A5%B2]]-->
** WWII: Soviet forces reach the [[Baltic Sea]] coast in [[Lithuania]], cutting off German [[Army Group North]] and creating the [[Courland Pocket]].
* [[October 11]] &ndash; The [[Tuvan People's Republic]] is annexed into the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[October 12]]
** WWII: The Germans leave [[Athens]], as the first Allied troops and Greek guerrillas enter the city [[File:Flag of Liberty of the Athenians.svg|thumb|right|'Athenian Liberty' flag raised, on the [[Acropolis of Athens]] on the liberation of the city on 12 October 1944]]
** Canadian [[Arctic]] explorer [[Henry Larsen (explorer)|Henry Larsen]] returns to Vancouver, becoming the first person successfully to navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in both directions, in the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] schooner {{ship||St. Roch|ship|2}}. His westbound voyage is the first completed in a single season, and the first passage through the [[Prince of Wales Strait]].<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* [[October 13]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Riga]], the capital of [[Latvia]], is taken by the [[Red Army]].
** The first [[V-2]] rocket attack on [[Antwerp]] takes place.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.v2rocket.com/start/chapters/antwerp.html|title=Antwerp, "City of Sudden Death"|work=V2Rocket.com|access-date=2013-04-24}}</ref>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; WWII: German [[Field Marshal]] [[Erwin Rommel]] commits [[forced suicide]] rather than face public disgrace and execution for allegedly conspiring against [[Adolf Hitler]].
* [[October 15]]&ndash;[[October 16|16]] &ndash; WWII: In Hungary, with the support of German troops, a coup d'état took place, the fascist government of [[Ferenc Szálasi]] came to power, ordering the troops to continue the fight against the Soviet army.
* [[October 16]] &ndash; WWII: American bombing of [[Salzburg]] destroys the dome of [[Salzburg Cathedral|the city's cathedral]] and most of a [[Mozart family]] home.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; WWII: The [[Volkssturm]] Nazi [[militia]] is founded, on [[Adolf Hitler]]'s orders.
* [[October 19]] &ndash; The [[Guatemalan Revolution]] begins with the overthrow of [[Federico Ponce Vaides]] by a popular leftist movement.
* [[October 20]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Belgrade Offensive]] ends when [[Belgrade]] is liberated by [[Yugoslav Partisans]], together with the [[Bulgarian Land Forces|Bulgarian Army]] and the [[Red Army]], and the remnants of Nedić's collaborationist Serbian puppet state, the [[Government of National Salvation]], are abolished.
** American and Filipino troops (with Filipino guerrillas) begin the [[Battle of Leyte]] in the [[Philippines]]. American forces land on Red Beach in [[Palo, Leyte]], as General [[Douglas MacArthur]] returns to the Philippines with Philippine Commonwealth president [[Sergio Osmeña]] and [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]] Generals Basilio J. Valdes and [[Carlos P. Romulo]]. American forces land on the beaches in [[Dulag, Leyte]], accompanied by Filipino troops entering the town, and fiercely opposed by the Japanese occupation forces. The combined forces liberate [[Tacloban]].
** [[Operation Pheasant]] begins – an offensive in the Netherlands which supports the ongoing [[Battle of the Scheldt]].
* [[October 21]] &ndash; WWII: [[Aachen]], the first German city to fall, is captured by American troops.
* [[October 23]]&ndash;[[October 26|26]] &ndash; WWII: Naval [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] in the [[Philippines]] – In the [[largest naval battle in history]] by most criteria and the last naval battle in history between [[battleship]]s,<ref>{{cite book|title=The Decisive Battles of the Western World|volume=III|last=Fuller|first=John F. C.|author-link=J. F. C. Fuller|year=1956|publisher=Eyre & Spottiswoode|location=London}}</ref> combined United States and Australian naval forces decisively defeat the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]]. This is the first battle in which Japanese aircraft carry out organized ''[[kamikaze]]'' attacks.<ref>{{cite book|chapter=Leyte, June 1944–January 1945|title=[[History of United States Naval Operations in World War II]]|volume=XII|last=Morison|first=Samuel E.|author-link=Samuel Eliot Morison|year=1956|publisher=Little & Brown|location=Boston}}</ref>
* [[October 24]]
** Battle of Leyte Gulf: The {{ship|Japanese battleship|Musashi}} is sunk by United States aircraft.
** The [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] recognise [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s cabinet as the provisional government of France.
* [[October 25]]
** WWII: The [[Red Army]] liberates [[Kirkenes]], the first town in Norway to be liberated.
** WWII: {{USS|Tang|SS-306|6}} is sunk in the [[Formosa Strait]] by one of her own torpedoes. [[Medal of Honor]]-winning submarine ace [[Richard O'Kane]] becomes a [[prisoner of war]].
** 76-year-old American amateur soprano [[Florence Foster Jenkins]] gives a sell-out public recital in [[Carnegie Hall]], New York. The audience and press are scathing: "she can sing everything except notes".<ref>[[The Sun (New York City)|''The Sun'' (New York City)]], 26 October.</ref> 5 days later she suffers a fatal heart attack, dying at home on November 26.
* [[October 27]] &ndash; WWII: German forces capture [[Banská Bystrica]], the center of anti-Nazi opposition in Slovakia, bringing the [[Slovak National Uprising]] to an end.
* [[October 30]]
** [[The Holocaust]]: [[Anne Frank]] and her sister [[Margot Frank|Margot]] are deported from [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]] to the [[Bergen-Belsen concentration camp]].
** ''[[Appalachian Spring]]'', a ballet by [[Martha Graham]] with music by [[Aaron Copland]], debuts at the [[Library of Congress]] in Washington, D.C., with Graham in the lead role.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; Serial killer Dr [[Marcel Petiot]] is apprehended at a [[Paris Métro]] station after 7 months on the run.

===November===
{{Main article|November 1944}}
* [[November 1]]&ndash;[[December 7]] &ndash; Delegates of 52 nations meet at the International Civil Aviation Conference in Chicago, to plan for postwar international cooperation, framing the constitution of the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]].
* [[November 3]] &ndash; WWII: Two supreme commanders of the [[Slovak National Uprising]], Generals [[Ján Golian]] and [[Rudolf Viest]], are captured, tortured and later executed by German forces.
* [[November 7]]
** [[1944 United States presidential election]]: [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] wins reelection over [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] challenger [[Thomas E. Dewey]], becoming the only U.S. president elected to a fourth term.
** [[Rail transport in Puerto Rico#Tragedy on election day in 1944|Election day rail accident in Puerto Rico]]: A passenger train derails at [[Aguadilla]] due to excessive speed on a downgrade; 16 are killed, 50 injured.
* [[November 10]] &ndash; WWII: [[Ammunition ship]] {{USS|Mount Hood|AE-11|6}} disintegrates from the accidental detonation of 3,800 tons of cargo, in the [[Seeadler Harbor]] fleet anchorage at [[Manus Island]]. 22 small boats are destroyed, 36 nearby ships damaged, 432 men are killed and 371 more are injured.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Gile|first=Chester A.|title=The ''Mount Hood'' Explosion|journal=Proceedings|date=February 1963}}</ref>
* [[November 11]]
** Operational ships of the French Navy re-enter their base at [[Toulon]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2017}}
** The [[1942–44 musicians' strike]] ends in the United States when [[RCA Records|RCA Victor]] and [[Columbia Records]] capitulate to the union's demands.
* [[November 12]] &ndash; WWII: [[Operation Catechism]] &ndash; {{ship|German battleship|Tirpitz}} is sunk by British Royal Air Force [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster bombers]] near [[Tromsø (city)|Tromsø]] in Norway.<ref name="Pocket On This Day"/> Estimated casualties range from 950 to 1,204.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine  {{USS|Queenfish|SS-393|6}} torpedoes [[Japanese aircraft carrier Akitsu Maru|Japanese aircraft carrier ''Akitsu Maru'']] in the East China Sea; 2,246 drown.<ref name=hi81>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsu.or.jp/siryo/sunk/pdf/hi81.pdf|title=Convoy Hi-81 (ヒ81船団)|publisher=All Japan Seamen's Union|access-date=2011-11-17}}</ref>
* [[November 16]]
** WWII: U.S. forces begin the month-long [[Operation Queen]] in the [[Rur (river)|Rur]] Valley.
** The [[Jussi Awards]], the Finnish film award ceremony, is held for the [[1st Jussi Awards|first time]] at Restaurant Adlon in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://elokuvauutiset.fi/site/93-jussi-palkinnot/jussi-palkinnot/3326-jussi-palkinnot-vuonna-1944|title=Jussi-palkinnot vuonna 1944|website=Elokuvauutiset.fi|accessdate=October 11, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011230442/http://elokuvauutiset.fi/site/93-jussi-palkinnot/jussi-palkinnot/3326-jussi-palkinnot-vuonna-1944|archive-date=October 11, 2016|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
* [[November 17]] &ndash; WWII: Partisan troops of the [[National Liberation Movement (Albania)|National Liberation Movement]] entered Tirana, the capital of Albania.
* [[November 18]]
** The [[Popular Socialist Youth]] is founded in [[Cuba]].
** WWII: American submarine {{USS|Picuda|SS-382|6}} torpedoes Japanese landing craft depot ship {{ship||Mayasan Maru}}; 3,546 drown.<ref name=hi81/>
* [[November 22]]
** [[Conscription Crisis of 1944|Conscription Crisis]]: [[Prime Minister of Canada]] [[William Lyon Mackenzie King|William Mackenzie King]] agrees a one-time [[conscription]] levy in Canada for overseas service.
** [[Laurence Olivier]]'s film ''[[Henry V (1944 film)|Henry V]]'', based on [[Henry V (play)|Shakespeare's play]], opens in London. It is the most acclaimed and the most successful movie version of a Shakespeare play made up to this time, and the first in [[Technicolor]]. Olivier both stars and directs.<ref>As does [[Kenneth Branagh]] reprising the role over forty years later in his successful [[Henry V (1989 film)|remake]].</ref>
* [[November 24]] &ndash; WWII: German forces [[Moonsund Landing Operation|evacuate from the West Estonian Archipelago]].
* [[November 27]]
** [[RAF Fauld explosion]]: Between 3,450 and 3,930 [[ton]]s (3,500 and 4,000 [[tonne]]s) of [[Ammunition#Ordnance ammunition|ordnance]] explodes at an underground storage depot in [[Staffordshire]], England, leaving about 75 dead and a [[explosion crater|crater]] {{convert|1,200|m|yd}} across and {{convert|120|m|ft}} deep. The blast is one of the [[List of the largest artificial non-nuclear explosions|largest non-nuclear explosions]] in history, and the largest on UK soil.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Reed|first=John|year=1977|title=Largest Wartime Explosions: 21 Maintenance Unit, RAF Fauld, Staffs. November 27, 1944|journal=[[After the Battle]]|volume=18|pages=35–40|issn=0306-154X}}</ref>
** [[Operation Tigerfish]]: [[Royal Air Force]] bombing of [[Freiburg im Breisgau]] kills 2,800.
* [[November 29]] &ndash; WWII: American submarine {{USS|Archerfish|SS-311|6}} sinks [[Japanese aircraft carrier Shinano|Japanese aircraft carrier ''Shinano'']], the largest carrier built to this date, and will remain through the twentieth century the largest ship sunk by a submarine.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cressman|first=Robert J.|title=The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in WWII|url=https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/278|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=2000|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-55750-149-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/TheOfficialChronologyOfTheUSNavyInWorldWarII/page/278 278]}}</ref>

===December===
{{Main article|December 1944}}
[[File:Bodies of U.S. officers and soldiers slain by the Nazis after capture near Malmedy, Belgium. - NARA - 196544.jpg|thumb|Victims of the [[Malmedy massacre]]]]
* [[December 1]] &ndash; [[Edward Stettinius, Jr.]] becomes the last [[United States Secretary of State]] of the [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] administration, filling the seat left by [[Cordell Hull]].
* [[December 3]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Dekemvriana|Fighting]] breaks out between [[KKE|Communists]] and royalists in newly liberated Greece, eventually leading to a full-scale [[Greek Civil War]].
** The [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)]] is stood down.
* [[December 7]]
** The [[Convention on International Civil Aviation]] is signed in Chicago, creating the [[International Civil Aviation Organization]].
** The [[Arab Women's Congress of 1944]] is hosted by the [[Egyptian Feminist Union]] in Cairo, leading to establishment of the [[Arab Feminist Union]].
** [[1944 Tōnankai earthquake|An earthquake along the coast of Wakayama Prefecture]] in Japan causes a tsunami which kills 1223 people.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Walker |first1=Brett L. |title=A Concise History of Japan |date=26 February 2015 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-00418-4 |page=292 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NGt2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] &ndash; Italian conductor [[Arturo Toscanini]] leads a concert performance of the first half of [[Beethoven]]'s ''[[Fidelio]]'' (minus its spoken dialogue) on [[NBC]] Radio, starring [[Rose Bampton]]. He chooses this opera for its political message: a statement against tyranny and dictatorship. Presenting it in German, Toscanini intends it as a tribute to the German people who are being oppressed by Hitler. The second half is broadcast a week later. The performance is later released on LP and CD, the first of 7 operas that Toscanini conducts on radio.
* [[December 12]]–[[December 13|13]] &ndash; WWII: British units attempt to take the Italian hilltop town of Tossignano, but are repulsed.
* [[December 13]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Mindoro]] &ndash; United States, Australian and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on [[Mindoro Island]] in the [[Philippines]].
* [[December 14]]
** The Soviet government changes Turkish place names to Russian in the [[Crimean Peninsula|Crimea]].
** The film ''[[National Velvet (film)|National Velvet]]'' is released in the United States, bringing a young [[Elizabeth Taylor]] to stardom.
* [[December 15]] &ndash; A USAAF utility aircraft carrying bandleader Major [[Glenn Miller]] disappears in heavy fog over the [[English Channel]], while flying to Paris.
* [[December 16]] &ndash; WWII:
** Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later known as the [[Battle of the Bulge]].
** General [[George C. Marshall]] becomes the first [[General of the Army (United States)|U.S. Five-Star General]].
* [[December 17]] &ndash; WWII:
** [[Malmedy massacre]]: German [[SS]] troops under [[Joachim Peiper]] machine gun American prisoners of war captured during the Battle of the Bulge near [[Malmedy]], and elsewhere in Belgium.
** [[Bombing of Ulm in World War II|Bombing of Ulm]]: 707 people are killed and 25,000 left homeless.
* [[December 18]] &ndash; General [[Douglas MacArthur]] becomes the second [[General of the Army (United States)|U.S. Five-Star General]].
* [[December 19]] &ndash; The daily newspaper ''[[Le Monde]]'' begins publication in Paris.
* [[December 20]]
** The United States [[Women Airforce Service Pilots]] are disbanded.
** General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] is promoted to the rank of [[General of the Army (United States)|U.S. Five-Star General]].
* [[December 22]]
** WWII: Brigadier General [[Anthony C. McAuliffe]], commander of the U.S. forces defending [[Bastogne]], refuses to accept demands for surrender by sending a one-word reply, "Nuts!", to the German command.
** The [[Vietnam People's Army]] is formed in [[French Indochina]].
* [[December 24]]
** WWII: Troopship {{SS|Léopoldville|1929|6}} is sunk in the [[English Channel]] by {{GS|U-486}}. Approximately 763 soldiers of the [[66th Infantry Division (United States)|U.S. 66th Infantry Division]], bound for the Battle of the Bulge, drown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uboat.net/history/leopoldville.htm|title=The Sinking of SS Leopoldville|publisher=uboat.net|access-date=2010-07-04}}</ref>
** WWII: German tanks reach the furthest point of the Bulge at [[Celles, Houyet|Celles]].
** WWII: Fifty German [[V-1 flying bomb]]s, air-launched from [[Heinkel He 111]] [[bomber]]s flying over the [[North Sea]], target [[Manchester]] in England, killing 42 and injuring more than 100 in the [[Oldham]] area.<ref name=CBH>{{cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Alan|last2=Palmer |first2=Veronica|year=1992|title=The Chronology of British History|publisher=Century Ltd|location=London|pages=392–394|isbn=978-0-7126-5616-0}}</ref>
** WWII: [[List of massacres in Belgium|Bande massacre]]: 34 men between the ages of 17 and 32 are executed by the [[Sicherheitsdienst]] near Bande, [[Belgium]], in retaliation for the killing of 3 German soldiers.
** The first complete U.S. production of Tchaikovsky's ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'' is presented in [[San Francisco]], choreographed by [[Willam Christensen]]. It will become an annual tradition there, and for the next ten years, the San Francisco Ballet will be the only company in the United States performing the complete work.
* December 24–26 &ndash; [[Agana race riot]] in [[Guam]] between white and black [[United States Marines]].
* [[December 26]]
** WWII: American troops repulse German forces at [[Bastogne]].
** The original stage version of ''[[The Glass Menagerie]]'' by [[Tennessee Williams]] premieres in [[Chicago]].
** [[Esztergom]], [[Hungary]], is captured by Soviet forces, beginning the [[Siege of Budapest]].
* [[December 30]]
** King [[George II of Greece]] declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.
** ''[[Stage Door Cartoon]]'' is the first cartoon produced by [[Eddie Selzer]].
* [[December 31]] &ndash; WWII: [[Battle of Leyte]] &ndash; Tens of thousands of Imperial Japanese Army soldiers are killed in action, in a significant Filipino/Allied military victory.

===Date unknown===
* The [[1944 Summer Olympics]], scheduled for London (together with the [[1944 Winter Olympics|February Winter Olympics]] scheduled for [[Cortina d'Ampezzo]] in Italy), are suspended due to WWII.
* National Committee for Education on Alcoholism, predecessor of the [[National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence]], is established in the United States by [[Marty Mann]].
* Last known evidence of the existence of the [[Asiatic lion]] in the wild in [[Khuzestan Province]], Persia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Guggisberg|first=Charles Albert Walter|title=Simba: the life of the lion|year=1961|publisher=Howard Timmins|location=Cape Town}}</ref>
* The [[BC Žalgiris]] professional basketball club is founded in [[Kaunas]], Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://basketball.eurobasket.com/team/Lithuania/BC_Zalgiris_Kaunas/183?Page=5|title=BC Zalgiris Kaunas basketball team|access-date=2019-04-24}}</ref>