Editing 1957 (section)

==Events==
===January===
* [[January 1]] – The [[Saarland]] joins [[West Germany]].
* [[January 3]] – [[Hamilton Watch Company]] introduces the first electric [[watch]].
* [[January 5]] – South African player [[Russell Endean]] becomes the first [[batsman]] to be [[Dismissal (cricket)|dismissed]] for having [[handled the ball]], in [[Test cricket]].
* [[January 9]] – British Prime Minister [[Anthony Eden]] resigns.
* [[January 10]] – [[Harold Macmillan]] becomes [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].
* [[January 11]] – The [[African Convention]] is founded in [[Dakar]].
* [[January 14]] – [[Kripalu Maharaj]] is named fifth [[Jagadguru]] (world teacher), after giving seven days of speeches before 500 Hindu scholars. 
* [[January 15]] –  The film ''[[Throne of Blood]]'', [[Akira Kurosawa]]'s reworking of ''[[Macbeth]]'', is released in Japan.
* [[January 20]]
** [[Israel]] withdraws from the [[Sinai Peninsula]] (captured from [[Egypt]] on October 29, [[1956]]).
* [[January 26]] – The [[Ibirapuera]] [[Planetarium]] (the first in the Southern Hemisphere) is inaugurated in the city of [[São Paulo]], [[Brazil]].

===February===
* [[February 2]] – President [[Iskander Mirza]] of [[Pakistan]] lays the foundation-stone of the [[Guddu Barrage]] across the [[Indus River]], near [[Sukkur]].
* [[February 4]]
** France prohibits U.N. involvement in [[Algeria]].
** The first [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered]] [[submarine]], {{USS|Nautilus|SSN-571|6}}, logs its 60,000th nautical mile, matching the endurance of the fictional ''[[Nautilus (Verne)|Nautilus]]'' described in [[Jules Verne]]'s [[1870]] novel ''[[Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas]]''. It is decommissioned on [[March 3]], [[1980]].
** A coal gas explosion at the giant Bishop Coal Mine in [[Bishop, Virginia]], United States, kills 37 men.
* [[February 6]] – The [[Soviet Union]] announces that Swedish envoy [[Raoul Wallenberg]] had died in a Soviet prison ("possibly of a [[heart attack]]"), on [[July 17]], [[1947]]
* [[February 10]] – The [[Confederation of African Football]] is founded, at a meeting in [[Khartoum]].
* [[February 15]] – [[Andrei Gromyko]] becomes foreign minister of the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[February 16]] – [[Ingmar Bergman]]'s film ''[[The Seventh Seal]]'' opens at cinemas in [[Sweden]].
* [[February 17]] – A [[Warrenton Nursing Home fire|fire at a home]] for the elderly in [[Warrenton, Missouri]], United States, kills 72 people.
* [[February 18]]
** [[Kenya]]n rebel leader [[Dedan Kimathi]] is executed by the British colonial government.
** The last person to be executed in New Zealand, [[Walter James Bolton]], is [[hanged]] at [[Mount Eden Prison]] for poisoning his wife.
* [[February 23]] – The founding congress of the [[Senegalese Popular Bloc]] opens in [[Dakar]].

===March===
[[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|thumb|250px|[[Flag of Ghana]], the first country in colonial Africa to gain independence]]
* [[March 1]]
** [[U Nu]] becomes Prime Minister of [[Burma]].
** [[Arturo Lezama]] becomes President of the National Council of Government of [[Uruguay]].
** [[Sud Aviation]] forms, from a merger between [[SNCASE]] (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Est) and [[SNCASO]] (Société Nationale de Constructions Aéronautiques du Sud Ouest).
* [[March 3]] – ''[[Net als toen]]'', sung by [[Corry Brokken]] (music by Guus Jansen, lyrics by [[Willy van Hemert]]), wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1957]] (held at [[Frankfurt]]), for the Netherlands.
* [[March 6]]
** United Kingdom colonies [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] and [[British Togoland]] become the independent nation of [[Ghana]].
** [[Zodi Ikhia]] founds the [[Nigerien Democratic Front]] (FDN) in [[Niger]].
* [[March 8]] – [[Egypt]] re-opens the [[Suez Canal]].
* [[March 14]] – President [[Sukarno]] declares [[martial law]] in [[Indonesia]].
* [[March 17]] – [[1957 Cebu Douglas C-47 crash]]: [[Philippines|Philippine]] President [[Ramon Magsaysay]] and 24 others are killed in a plane crash.
* [[March 20]] – The French news magazine {{Lang|fr|[[L'Express]]}} reveals that the French army tortures [[Algeria]]n prisoners.
* [[March 25]] – The [[Treaty of Rome]] (''Patto di [[Rome|Roma]]'') establishes the [[European Economic Community]] (EEC; predecessor of the [[European Union]]) between Italy, France, West Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.
* [[March 27]] – The [[29th Academy Awards]] Ceremony is held in [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]]. ''[[Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)|Around the World in 80 Days]]'' wins [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].

===April===
* [[April]] – [[IBM]] sells the first compiler for the [[Fortran]] scientific [[programming language]].
* [[April 1]] – The first new [[conscript]]s join the {{Lang|de|[[Bundeswehr]]}}.
* [[April 5]] – The [[Communist Party of India]] wins the elections in [[Kerala]], making [[E. M. S. Namboodiripad]] its first chief minister.
* [[April 9]] – [[Egypt]] reopens the [[Suez Canal]] to all shipping.
* [[April 12]] – The United Kingdom announces that [[Singapore]] will gain self-rule on January 1, 1958.
* [[April 13]] – The [[1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt]] against [[Hussein Bin Talal]] is made by [[Ali Abu Nuwar]]. 
* [[April 15]]
** The [[Distant Early Warning Line]] is handed over by contractors to the U.S. and Canadian military.
** [[White Rock, British Columbia|White Rock]] secedes from [[Surrey, British Columbia]], following a referendum.
* [[April 17]] – Suspected English [[serial killer]] Dr [[John Bodkin Adams]] is found not guilty of murder, at the [[Old Bailey]].
* [[April 24]]–[[April 25|25]] – The [[1957 Fethiye earthquakes]] occur on the Mediterranean coast of [[Turkey]].
* [[April 30]] – The [[solar eclipse of April 30, 1957]], a non-central annular solar eclipse that does not have a northern path limit, takes place. This is the last of 57 umbral solar eclipses of [[Solar Saros 118]].

===May===
* [[May 2]] – "[[Die Stem van Suid-Afrika]]", written by [[Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven]], becomes the South African national anthem, replacing "[[God Save the Queen]]", which is retained as a [[royal anthem]].
* [[May 8]] &ndash; South Vietnamese President [[Ngo Dinh Diem]] begins a [[Ngo Dinh Diem presidential visit to the United States|state visit]] to the United States, his regime's main sponsor.<ref>{{cite book| first=Seth |last=Jacobs| year=2006| title=Cold War Mandarin: Ngo Dinh Diem and the Origins of America's War in Vietnam, 1950&ndash;1963| publisher=Rowman & Littlefield| isbn=0-7425-4447-8|location=Lanham, Maryland}}</ref>
* [[May 15]]
** [[Operation Grapple#Grapple Z series (4 tests)|Operation Grapple]]: At [[Malden Island]] in the Pacific, Britain tests its first [[hydrogen bomb]], which fails to detonate properly.
** [[Stanley Matthews]] plays his final international game, ending an [[England national football team|English]] [[England national football team records|record]] international career of almost 23 years.
* [[May 16]] – [[Paul-Henri Spaak]] becomes the new [[Secretary General of NATO]].
* [[May 24]] – [[May 24 incident]]: [[Anti-American]] riots erupt in [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=HI Taipei 1957 Riot |url=http://www.msg-history.com/HistoricalItems/HI_Taipei_1957_Riot.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20091005192207/http://www.msg-history.com/HistoricalItems/HI_Taipei_1957_Riot.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-10-05 |access-date=2017-02-20  }}</ref>
* [[May 30]] – [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid]] beats [[ACF Fiorentina|Fiorentina]] 2–0 at [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium]], [[Madrid]], to win the [[1956–57 European Cup]] (football).

===June===
* [[June 9]] – [[Broad Peak]], on the China-Pakistan border, is first ascended.
* [[June 21]] – [[John Diefenbaker]] becomes the 13th [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
* [[June 27]] – [[Hurricane Audrey]] demolishes [[Cameron, Louisiana]], U.S., killing 400 people.

===July===
[[File:Anti-Rightist_Movement.jpg|thumb|[[Anti-Rightist Campaign]]s kill more than 500,000 people in China.]] 
* [[July 1]]
** The [[International Geophysical Year]] begins.
** The [[University of Waterloo]] is founded in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
** [[Hugh Everett III]] publishes the first scientifically founded [[many-worlds interpretation]] of [[Interpretations of quantum mechanics|quantum mechanics]].
** Production of the [[Citroën Traction Avant]] automobile, begun in [[1934]], ceases.
* [[July 6]] – At the age of fifteen, [[Paul McCartney]] meets [[John Lennon]] and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton.
* [[July 11]] – His Highness Prince Karim [[Aga Khan IV]] becomes the 49th Imam of the [[Shia]] [[Ismaili]] Muslims at age 20. His grandfather Sir Sultan Mohammed Shah [[Aga Khan III]] appoints Prince Karim in his will.
* [[July 14]] – [[Rawya Ateya]] takes her seat in the [[Parliament of Egypt|National Assembly of Egypt]], thereby becoming the first female parliamentarian in the [[Arab world]].
* [[July 16]] – [[United States Marine]] Major [[John Glenn]] flies an [[F8U Crusader|F8U]] [[supersonic]] jet from [[California]] to New York in 3 hours, 23 minutes and 8 seconds, setting a new transcontinental speed record.
* [[July 23]] – [[Asghar Khan]] becomes the first native [[Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Air Force]] and the world's youngest Air Vice Marshal at 36 years old.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73CciTImPh4C&q=%22asghar%20khan%22|title=Flight|volume=73|year=1958|publisher=IPC Transport Press Limited }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tQZNAQAAIAAJ&q=%22M.%20Asghar%20Khan%22|title=The Roundel|page=20|year=1959|volume=11|publisher=Published on the authority of the Chief of the Air Staff, Royal Canadian Air Force. }}</ref>
* [[July 25]] – [[Tunisia]] becomes a republic, with [[Habib Bourguiba]] as its first president.
* [[July 28]]
** The [[6th World Festival of Youth and Students]], a high point of the [[Khrushchev Thaw]], opens in Moscow.
** [[1957 Kyushu flood|Heavy rains and mudslides]] at [[Isahaya]], western [[Kyūshū]], Japan, kill 992.
* [[July 29]] – The [[International Atomic Energy Agency]] is established.

===August===
* [[August 4]] – [[Juan Manuel Fangio]], driving for [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]], wins the [[Formula One]] [[German Grand Prix]], clinching (with 4 wins this season) his record 5th [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|world drivers championship]], including his 4th consecutive championship (also a record); these 2 records endure for nearly half a [[century]].
* [[August 31]] – The [[Federation of Malaya]] gains independence from the United Kingdom, subsequently celebrated as [[Malaysia]]'s National Day. [[Abdul Rahman of Negeri Sembilan]], [[Yang di-Pertuan Besar]] of [[Negeri Sembilan]], becomes the first [[Yang di-Pertuan Agong]] of [[Federation of Malaya|Malaya]]. The country's new [[Constitution of Malaysia|Constitution]] had come into force on August 27. The [[Alliance Party (Malaysia)|Alliance Party]] and its successor are the ruling coalition until 2018.

===September===
[[File:Flag_of_Malaya.svg|thumb|[[Federation of Malaya]] gains independence from the British Empire]]
{{Main|September 1957}}
* [[September 5]] – [[Cuban Revolution]]: [[Fulgencio Batista]]’s forces bomb anti-government riots in [[Cienfuegos]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0hqAAAAMAAJ&q=Fulgencio+Batista+bombs+the+revolt+in+Cienfuegos+september+5+1957 | title=Fulgencio Batista, Ousted Cuban Dictator | last1=Mallin | first1=Jay | date=1974 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cubanews.acn.cu/cuba/22291-september-5-1957-cienfuegos-at-the-heart-of-the-homeland | title=September 5, 1957: Cienfuegos at the heart of the Homeland | date=September 4, 2023 }}</ref>
* [[September 9]] – The [[Civil Rights Act of 1957]] is enacted, establishing the [[United States Commission on Civil Rights]].
* [[September 21]]
** [[Olav V of Norway|Olav V]] becomes King of Norway on the death of his father [[Haakon VII of Norway|Haakon VII]].
** The sailing ship ''[[Pamir (ship)|Pamir]]'' sinks off the [[Azores]] in a hurricane.
* [[September 24]] – [[Camp Nou]], home stadium of [[FC Barcelona]], officially opens in [[Barcelona]], [[Spain]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.fr/club/installations/card/histoire-du-camp-nou|title=Histoire du Camp Nou {{!}} FC Barcelona|website=FC Barcelona|language=fr-FR|access-date=2017-01-21}}</ref>
* [[September 29]] – The [[Kyshtym disaster]] occurs at the [[Mayak]] [[nuclear reprocessing]] plant in Russia.

===October===
{{Main|October 1957}}
[[File:Sputnik asm.jpg|thumb|right|October 4: Sputnik program begins, the first [[satellite]] launched into space]]
* [[October 1]] – The [[Africanized bee]] is accidentally released in [[Brazil]].{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}
* [[October 4]]
** [[Space Age]] – [[Sputnik program]]: The [[Soviet Union]] launches [[Sputnik 1]], the first artificial [[satellite]] to orbit the Earth.<ref>{{cite magazine |archive-date=17 May 2014 |department=From All Quarters |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201472.html |title=First Man-made Satellite |magazine=[[Flight International]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120058/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201472.html |date=11 October 1957 |page=562 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Project Mercury - A Chronology |chapter=Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957 |last=Grimwood |first=James M. |series=NASA Special Publication-4001 |chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p1a.htm |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
** The [[Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow]] [[delta wing]] [[interceptor aircraft]] is unveiled.<ref>{{cite magazine |archive-date=17 May 2014 |url=http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201472.html |title=The Arrow Unveiled |magazine=Flight International |department=From All Quarters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517120058/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1957/1957%20-%201472.html |date=11 October 1957 |pages=562–563 |access-date=24 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 9]] – The [[Jodrell Bank]] [[radio telescope]] in [[Cheshire]], England, is controlled from its control room for the first time.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lovell |first=Bernard |author-link=Bernard Lovell |year=1968 |title=The Story of Jodrell Bank |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-217619-6 |url-access=registration |via=[[Internet Archive]] |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofjodrellba00love |page=193}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Lovell |first=Bernard |year=1990 |title=Astronomer by Chance |publisher=Macmillan |location=[[London]] |isbn=978-0-333-55195-0 |page=260}}</ref>
* [[October 10]] – [[Windscale fire]]: Fire at the [[Sellafield|Windscale]] [[nuclear reactor]] on the north-west coast of England releases radioactive material into the surrounding environment, including [[iodine-131]].<ref>{{cite news |title=RED-HOT URANIUM WORRIES BRITONS; 2 Plutonium Plant Reactors Halted, but Radioactivity Is Held Negligible No Hazard Detected Oxydization Variance Noted |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/12/archives/redhot-uranium-worries-britons-2-plutonium-plant-reactors-halted.html |date=12 October 1957 |at=Page 2, column 3 |access-date=27 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=London Radioactivity Raised by Atom Mishap |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/18/archives/london-radioactivity-raised-by-atom-mishap.html |date=18 October 1957 |at=Page 3, column 1 |access-date=30 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 11]] – The [[orbit]] of the last stage of the [[R-7 Semyorka]] rocket (carrying [[Sputnik I]]) is first successfully calculated on an [[IBM 704]] computer at the [[MIT Computation Center]] as part of [[Operation Moonwatch]], [[Cambridge, Massachusetts]].
* [[October 20]] – Two trains [[Yarımburgaz train disaster|collide at Yarımburgaz]] in [[Turkey]]; 95 die.<ref>{{cite news |title=TRAIN WRECK KILLS 25; Simplon Express in Crash in Turkey--Toll May Rise |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/21/archives/train-wreck-kills-25-simplon-express-in-crash-in-turkeytoll-may.html |date=21 October 1957 |at=Page 3, column 4 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=82 Dead and 171 Hurt In Turkish Rail Crash |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/22/archives/82-dead-and-171-hurt-in-turkish-rail-crash.html |date=22 October 1957 |at=Page 8, column 6 |access-date=31 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=TURKISH RAIL TOLL UP; Number of Dead Is Now 89 in Sunday's Crash |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/23/archives/turkish-rail-toll-up-number-of-dead-is-now-89-in-sundays-crash.html |date=23 October 1957 |at=Page 14, column 4 |access-date=1 June 2023}}</ref>
* [[October 23]] – [[Morocco]] begins its [[Ifni War|invasion of Ifni]].
* [[October 27]] – [[Celâl Bayar]] is re-elected [[president of Turkey]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Haff |first=Joseph O. |title=BIG VOTE LIKELY IN TURKEY TODAY; National Election Is Test of Menderes Austerity and Republican Opposition Strain of Works Program |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/10/27/archives/big-vote-likely-in-turkey-today-national-election-is-test-of.html |date=27 October 1957 |at=Page 9, columns 2-6 |access-date=2 June 2023}}</ref>

===November===
{{Main|November 1957}}
[[File:Posta Romana - 1959 - Laika 120 B.jpg|thumb|[[Laika]] the dog became the first animal to orbit Earth.]] 
* [[November 1]] – The [[Mackinac Bridge]], the world's longest [[suspension bridge]] between anchorages at this time, opens in the United States, to connect [[Michigan]]'s two [[peninsula]]s.<ref>{{cite book |title=Mighty Mac: The Official Picture History of the Mackinac Bridge |url=https://archive.org/details/mightymacofficia0000rubi |url-access=registration |first=Lawrence |last=Rubin |publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]] |year=1958 |isbn=978-0-814-31817-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/mightymacofficia0000rubi/page/14 14] |via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
* [[November 3]] – [[Sputnik program]]: The [[Soviet Union]] launches [[Sputnik 2]], with the first [[animal]] to orbit the Earth, a dog named [[Laika]], on board.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/03/archives/orbit-completed-animal-still-is-alive-sealed-in-satellite-moscow.html |title=ORBIT COMPLETED; Animal Still Is Alive, Sealed in Satellite, Moscow Thinks |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=3 November 1957 |at=Page 1, column 8 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/03/archives/sphere-fulfills-russian-promise-moscow-radio-announced-on-oct-27.html |title=SPHERE FULFILLS RUSSIAN PROMISE; Moscow Radio Announced on Oct. 27 That Dog Would Be Aboard Satellite |newspaper=The New York Times |date=3 November 1957 |at=Page 26, column 1 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/04/archives/traveler-in-space-a-little-russian-hunting-dog.html |title=Traveler in Space; A Little Russian Hunting Dog |newspaper=The New York Times |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=4 November 1957 |at=Page 8, columns 2-5 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/04/archives/dog-may-unlock-medical-secrets-scientists-hoping-for-data-on.html |title=DOG MAY UNLOCK MEDICAL SECRETS; Scientists Hoping for Data on Weightlessness and Other Flight Problems |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 November 1957 |at=Page 8, column 8 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref> There is no technology available to return her to Earth.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/04/archives/recovery-of-dog-called-possible-several-us-experts-agree-but-willy.html |title=RECOVERY OF DOG CALLED POSSIBLE; Several U.S. Experts Agree, but Willy Ley Says It Can't Be Brought Down Alive |newspaper=The New York Times |date=4 November 1957 |at=Page 8, column 6 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Jorden |first=William J. |author-link=William J. Jorden |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/05/archives/russian-indicates-that-dog-will-die-a-leading-scientist-speaks-of.html |title=RUSSIAN INDICATES THAT DOG WILL DIE; A Leading Scientist Speaks of It 'While Still Alive'-- Satellite Cone-Shaped |newspaper=The New York Times |date=5 November 1957 |at=Page 1, column 7 |access-date=13 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 13]]
** Flooding in the [[Po Valley]] of Italy leads to flooding also in [[Venice]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/13/archives/flood-threatens-po-delta.html |title=Flood Threatens Po Delta |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 November 1957 |page=26 |access-date=16 May 2023}}</ref>
** [[Gordon Gould]] invents the [[laser]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.edn.com/laser-pioneer-gordon-gould-is-born-july-17-1920/ |last=Macneil |first=Jessica |title=Laser pioneer Gordon Gould is born, July 17, 1920 |department=EDN Moments |website=[[EDN (magazine)|EDN]] |date=17 July 2019 |publisher=[[Arrow Electronics|AspenCore, Inc.]] |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 15]]
** [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] announces the end of an economic boycott of [[Francoist Spain]] (although it does not reinstitute diplomatic relations).<ref>{{cite news |last=Abel |first=Elie |author-link=Elie Abel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/16/archives/yugoslavs-to-end-boycott-of-spain-early-resumption-of-trade.html |title=YUGOSLAVS TO END BOYCOTT OF SPAIN; Early Resumption of Trade Expected--Renewal of Diplomatic Tie Hinted Ultimate Recognition Hinted Prospective Exchange Goods |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 November 1957 |at=Page 6, columns 6-7 |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref>
** [[1957 Aquila Airways Solent crash]]: A [[flying boat]] crash on the [[Isle of Wight]] leaves 45 dead.<ref>{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/11/16/archives/43-dead-in-crash-of-british-plane-flying-boat-with-58-falls-on-isle.html |title=43 DEAD IN CRASH OF BRITISH PLANE; Flying Boat With 58 Falls on Isle of Wight Soon After Southampton Take-Off |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 November 1957 |at=Page 1, column 2 |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Memorial to island plane crash |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/hampshire/7666185.stm |website=[[BBC News]] |department=Hampshire |date=12 October 2008 |access-date=17 May 2023}}</ref>
* [[November 16]] – [[Adnan Menderes]] of the [[Democrat Party (Turkey, historical)|Democrat Party]] forms the new government of [[Turkey]] (23rd government, last government formed by DP and Menderes).
* [[November 30]] 
** [[Indonesia]]n president [[Sukarno]] survives a [[grenade]] attack at the Cikini School in [[Jakarta]], but six children are killed.<ref>{{cite news |last=Durdin |first=Tillman |author-link=
F. Tillman Durdin |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/01/archives/sukarno-escapes-assassin-but-grenades-kill-7-others-scores-hurt-in.html |title=Sukarno Escapes Assassin, But Grenades Kill 7 Others; Scores Hurt in Bombing as Indonesia President Leaves a School SUKARNO ESCAPES ATTEMPT ON LIFE |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 December 1957 |at=Page 1, columns 2-3 |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref>
** [[1957 New Zealand general election]]: The [[New Zealand Labour Party|Labour Party]] defeats the governing [[New Zealand National Party|National Party]], with [[Walter Nash]] succeeding [[Keith Holyoake]] as Prime Minister.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/01/archives/new-zealand-votes-labor-into-power-labor-wins-vote-in-new-zealand.html |title=New Zealand Votes Labor Into Power; LABOR WINS VOTE IN NEW ZEALAND |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 December 1957 |at=Page 1, column 7 |access-date=23 May 2023}}</ref>

===December===
{{Main|December 1957}}
* [[December 1]] – In [[Indonesia]], [[Sukarno]] announces the [[nationalization]] of 246 [[Netherlands|Dutch]] businesses.
* [[December 4]]
** The [[Lewisham rail crash]] in London, UK, leaves 92 people dead.<ref>{{cite report |last=Langley |first=Brig. C.A. |title=Report on the Collision which occurred on 4th December 1957 near St. Johns station, Lewisham in the Southern Region British Railways |location=[[London]] |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/documents/MoT_Lewisham1957.pdf |publisher=[[Her Majesty's Stationery Office]] |year=1958 |access-date=8 April 2023}}</ref>
** [[1957 Mongolia earthquake|1957 Bayankhongor Earthquake]] in Mongolia kills 30+ people
* [[December 5]] – All 326,000 Dutch nationals are expelled from [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/91252057 |date=6 December 1957 |title=INDONESIA TO EXPEL DUTCH AS REPRISAL |newspaper=[[The Canberra Times]] |agency=[[Australian Associated Press|A.A.P.]]-[[Reuters|Reuter]] |volume=31 |issue=9,345 |at=Page 1, columns 1-3 |access-date=30 April 2023 |via=[[Trove]]}}</ref>
* [[December 6]] – The first U.S. attempt to launch a [[satellite]] fails, when the [[Vanguard TV3|Vanguard rocket]] blows up on the [[launch pad]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Project Mercury - A Chronology |chapter=Part 1 (A) Major Events Leading to Project Mercury March 1944 through December 1957 |last=Grimwood |first=James M. |series=NASA Special Publication-4001 |chapter-url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4001/p1a.htm |publisher=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 April 2023}}</ref>
* [[December 10]] – Canadian diplomat [[Lester B. Pearson]] receives the [[Nobel Peace Prize]], for his peacekeeping efforts in the United Nations.<ref>{{cite web |title=Lester Bowles Pearson – Acceptance Speech |website=[[NobelPrize.org]] |publisher=Nobel Prize Outreach AB |year=2023 |access-date=8 April 2023 |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1957/pearson/acceptance-speech/}}</ref>
* [[December 18]] – A [[1957 Sunfield tornado|violent F5 tornado]] wipes out the entire community of Sunfield, Illinois.<ref>{{cite journal |author1=[[United States Weather Bureau]] |author2=F. W. Reichelderfer (U.S. Weather Bureau) |author3=[[Sinclair Weeks]] (Secretary of the [[United States Department of Commerce]]) |title=Climatological Data National Summary December 1957 |journal=Climatological Data |date=1958 |volume=8 |issue=12 |page=527 |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/orders/IPS/IPS-F34FBD0F-1D12-4032-8E41-3AF6B975E0EB.pdf |access-date=13 September 2023 |publisher=[[United States Department of Commerce]]}}</ref>
* [[December 20]] – The [[Boeing 707]] airliner flies for the first time.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aviation-history.com/boeing/707.html |title=Boeing 707 |website=The Aviation History Online Museum |date=15 October 2013 |publisher=Larry Dwyer |access-date=30 April 2023}}</ref>{{Self-published inline|date=April 2023}}

=== Date unknown ===
* [[Mao Zedong]] admits that 800,000 "[[Enemy of the people|class enemies]]" had been [[Campaign to Suppress Counterrevolutionaries|summarily liquidated]] in [[China]] between [[1949]] and [[1954]].
* [[Gruppe SPUR]], an artistic collaboration, is founded in Germany. 
* [[Raja Fashions]], a tailoring business, is founded in [[Hong Kong]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Confessore |first=Nick |author-link=Nicholas Confessore |title=His Mission: Freeing Men From the Rack |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/11/22/nyregion/his-mission-freeing-men-from-the-rack.html?_r=0 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=November 22, 2005 |access-date=29 September 2016}}</ref>
* The so-called 'mound of [[Midas]]', the Great [[Tumulus]] near [[Gordium]], is excavated.
* Three new neo-[[Grotesque (typeface classification)|grotesque]] [[sans-serif]] [[typeface]]s are released: [[Folio (typeface)|Folio]] (designed by Konrad Bauer and Walter Baum), [[Helvetica|Neue Haas Grotesk]] (designed by [[Max Miedinger]]) and [[Univers]] (designed by [[Adrian Frutiger]]); all will be influential in the [[International Typographic Style]] of [[graphic design]].