Editing 1963 (section)

==Events==
===January===
{{Main|January 1963}}
* [[January 1]] &ndash; [[Bogle–Chandler case]]: [[Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation]] scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the [[Lane Cove River]], Sydney, Australia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nfsa.gov.au/collection/curated/dr-bogle-and-mrs-chandler-mystery |title=Dr Bogle and Mrs Chandler mystery |website=National Film and Sound Archive of Australia |access-date=September 7, 2021}}</ref>
* [[January 2]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Ap Bac]]: The [[Viet Cong]] win their first major victory.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1961-63v03/d1 |title=Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume III |website=Office of the Historian |access-date=September 11, 2021}}</ref>  
* [[January 9]] &ndash; A [[January 1963 lunar eclipse|total penumbral lunar eclipse]] is visible in the Americas, Europe, Africa and Asia, and is the 56th lunar eclipse of [[Lunar Saros 114]]. Gamma has a value of −1.01282. It occurs on the night between Wednesday, January 9 and Thursday, January 10, 1963.
* [[January 13]] &ndash; [[1963 Togolese coup d'état]]: A military coup in [[Togo]] results in the installation of coup leader [[Emmanuel Bodjollé]] as president.<ref>{{cite book |author=Virginia Thompson |title=West Africa's Council of the Entente |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1972 |page=86}}</ref>
* [[January 17]] &ndash; A last quarter moon occurs between the [[January 1963 lunar eclipse|penumbral lunar eclipse]] and the [[Solar eclipse of January 25, 1963|annular solar eclipse]], only 12 hours, 29 minutes after apogee.
* [[January 19]] &ndash; Soviet spy [[Gheorghe Pintilie]] is removed from his position as [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Romania)|Deputy Interior Minister]] of the [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]],<ref>{{cite journal |first=Mihai |last=Demetriade |title=Istoricul Serviciului de contrainformații penitenciare (1949–1967) |journal=Caietele CNSAS |volume=VIII |issue=2 |page=38 |year=2015}}</ref> as a step in ensuring [[De-satellization of Romania|Romania's political independence]]; the [[Romanian Communist Party|Workers' Party]] [[Politburo]] discusses way of neutralizing "Soviet intelligence networks [...] which Gheorghe Pintilie had coordinated."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Banu |first=Florian |chapter=Relațiile Securității cu serviciile omoloage din țările membre ale Pactului de la Varșovia |title=Securitatea (1948–1989). Monografie |editor=Banu, Florian |editor2=Țăranu, Liviu |publisher=Editura Cetatea de Scaun |year=2016 |page=335 |isbn=978-606-537-357-0}}</ref>
* [[January 22]] &ndash; France and West Germany sign the [[Élysée Treaty]].
* [[January 25]] &ndash; A [[Solar eclipse of January 25, 1963|large annular solar eclipse]] covers 99.5% of the Sun and a narrow path (at most 19.6&nbsp;km (12.2&nbsp;mi)). It is visible in Chile, Argentina, South Africa and Madagascar, and is the 26th solar eclipse of [[Solar Saros 140]]. Gamma has a value of -0.48984.
* [[January 26]] &ndash; The [[Australia Day]] shootings rock [[Perth]]; 2 people are shot dead and 3 others injured by [[Eric Edgar Cooke]].
* [[January 29]] &ndash; French President [[Charles de Gaulle]] vetoes the United Kingdom's entry into the [[European Common Market]].

===February===
{{Main|February 1963}}
* [[February 5]] &ndash; The [[European Court of Justice]]'s ruling in ''[[Van Gend en Loos v Nederlandse Administratie der Belastingen]]'' establishes the principle of [[direct effect]], one of the basic tenets of [[European Union law]].
* [[February 8]] &ndash; Travel, financial and commercial transactions by United States citizens to [[Cuba]] are made illegal by the John F. Kennedy Administration.
* [[February 10]] &ndash; Five Japanese cities located on the northernmost part of [[Kyūshū]] are merged and become the city of [[Kitakyūshū]], with a population of more than 1&nbsp;million.
* [[February 12]] &ndash; [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705]] crashes in the Florida [[Everglades]], killing all 43 aboard.
* [[February 14]] &ndash; [[Harold Wilson]] becomes leader of the opposition [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] in the United Kingdom;<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.expressandstar.com/days/1950-75/1963.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020628220806/http://www.expressandstar.com/days/1950-75/1963.html |archive-date=2002-06-28 |title=Dallas: JFK is shot dead |newspaper=[[Express & Star]] |location=Wolverhampton}}</ref> in October 1964 he becomes prime minister. 
* [[February 21]] &ndash; The 5.6 {{M|w|link=y}} [[1963 Marj earthquake|Marj earthquake]] affects northern Libya with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''), causing 290–375 deaths and 375–500 injuries.
* [[February 27]] &ndash; [[Juan Bosch (politician)|Juan Bosch]] takes office as the 41st president of the [[Dominican Republic]].

===March===
{{Main|March 1963}}
* [[March 4]] &ndash; In Paris, six people are sentenced to death for conspiring to assassinate President [[Charles de Gaulle]]. De Gaulle pardons five, but the other conspirator, [[Jean Bastien-Thiry]], is executed by [[Execution by firing squad|firing squad]] several days later.
* [[March 5]] &ndash; Country music star [[Patsy Cline]] is killed in [[1963 Camden PA-24 crash|a plane crash]] along with country performers [[Cowboy Copas]], [[Hawkshaw Hawkins]], and manager Randy Hughes, during a flight from [[Kansas City, Missouri]], back to Nashville.
* [[March 17]] &ndash; [[Mount Agung]] erupts on [[Bali]], killing approximately 1,500.
* [[March 23]] &ndash; "''Dansevise''" by Grethe & Jørgen Ingmann (music by Otto Francker, text by Sejr Volmer-Sørensen) wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1963]] (staged in London) for Denmark.
* [[March 30]] &ndash; [[Indigenous Australians]] are legally allowed to drink alcohol in [[New South Wales]].<ref>''Tracker'', "Footprints Tracker", August 2012, p. 46.</ref>

===April===
{{Main|April 1963}}
* [[April 6]] &ndash; [[The Kingsmen]] record their influential cover of "[[Louie Louie]]" in [[Portland, Oregon]], released in June.<ref>{{cite book|last=Peterson|first=Dick|title=Louie Louie Me Gotta Go Now|date=2005|publisher=Thalian Press|location=Sherwood, Oregon|isbn=1-4208-5610-3|page=45}}</ref>
* [[April 7]] &ndash; [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] is proclaimed to be a [[socialist republic]], and [[Josip Broz Tito]] is named [[President for Life]].
* [[April 8]] &ndash; The [[35th Academy Awards]] ceremony is held. ''[[Lawrence of Arabia (film)|Lawrence of Arabia]]'' wins [[Academy Award for Best Picture|Best Picture]].
* [[April 10]] &ndash; The U.S. nuclear submarine ''[[USS Thresher (SSN-593)|Thresher]]'' sinks {{convert|220|smi|nmi km|abbr=on}} east of [[Cape Cod]]; all 129 aboard (112 crewmen plus yard personnel) die.
* [[April 11]] &ndash; [[Pope John XXIII]] issues his final [[encyclical]], ''[[Pacem in terris]]'', entitled ''On Establishing Universal Peace in Truth, Justice, Charity and Liberty'',<ref>{{cite book |first=Ugo Colombo |last=Sacco |title=John Paul II and World Politics: 20 Years of a Search for a New Approach, 1978-1998 |publisher=Peeters Publishers |year=1999 |page=6}}</ref> the first papal encyclical addressed to "all men of good will", rather than to Roman Catholics only.
* [[April 12]] &ndash; The Soviet nuclear powered submarine ''[[Soviet submarine K-33|K-33]]'' collides with the Finnish merchant vessel M/S ''Finnclipper'' in the Danish Straits. Although severely damaged, both vessels make it to port.
* [[April 14]] &ndash; The [[Institute of Mental Health (Belgrade)]] is established.
* [[April 16]] &ndash; Martin Luther King, Jr. issues his "[[Letter from Birmingham Jail]]".
* [[April 20]] &ndash; In [[Quebec]], Canada, members of the terrorist group [[Front de libération du Québec]] bomb a [[Canadian Army]] recruitment center, killing night watchman Wilfred V. O'Neill.
* [[April 21]]&ndash;[[April 23|23]] &ndash; The first election of the Supreme Institution of the [[Baháʼí Faith]] (known as the [[Universal House of Justice]], whose seat is at the [[Baháʼí World Centre]] on [[Mount Carmel]] in [[Haifa]], [[Israel]]) is held.
* [[April 22]] &ndash; [[Lester Bowles Pearson]] becomes the 14th [[Prime Minister of Canada]].
* [[April 28]] &ndash; [[1963 Italian general election|1963 general election]] is held in [[politics of Italy|Italy]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Steinberg |first1=S. |title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1964-65: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations |date=26 December 2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27093-0 |page=1162 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O43LDQAAQBAJ&dq=italy+general+election+%2228+april%22+1963&pg=PA1162 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[April 29]] &ndash; [[Buddy Rogers (wrestler)|Buddy Rogers]] becomes the first [[WWE Championship|WWWF Champion]].

===May===
{{Main|May 1963}}
* [[May 1]] &ndash; [[The Coca-Cola Company]] introduces its first diet drink, [[Tab (soft drink)|Tab]] cola.
* [[May 2]] &ndash; [[Seliger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH|Berthold Seliger]] launches near [[Cuxhaven]] a 3-stage rocket with a maximum flight altitude of more than {{cvt|62|mi|disp=flip}} (the only sounding rocket developed in Germany).
* [[May 4]] &ndash; The Le Monde Theater fire in Dioirbel, [[Senegal]], kills 64 people.
* [[May 8]] &ndash; [[Huế Phật Đản shootings]]: The [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam]] opens fire on Buddhists who defy a ban on the flying of the [[Buddhist flag]] on [[Vesak]], the birthday of [[Gautama Buddha]], killing 9. Earlier, President [[Ngô Đình Diệm]] allowed the flying of the [[Vatican flag]] in honour of his brother, Archbishop [[Ngô Đình Thục]], triggering the Buddhist crisis in South Vietnam.
* [[May 13]] &ndash; A [[smallpox]] outbreak hits [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], lasting until July.
* [[May 14]] &ndash; Kuwait becomes the 111th member of the [[United Nations]].
* [[May 15]] &ndash; [[Project Mercury]]: [[NASA]] launches [[Gordon Cooper]] on [[Mercury-Atlas 9]], the last Mercury mission (on [[June 12]] NASA Administrator [[James E. Webb]] tells Congress the program is complete).
* [[May 22]] &ndash; [[A.C. Milan]] beats [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] 2–1 at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]], London and wins the [[1962–63 European Cup]] (football).
* [[May 23]] &ndash; [[Fidel Castro]] visits the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[May 25]] &ndash; The [[Organisation of African Unity]] is established in [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia]].

===June===
{{Main|June 1963}}
* [[June 3]] &ndash; [[Huế chemical attacks]]: The [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam]] rains [[chloroacetone|liquid chemicals]] on the heads of Buddhist protestors, injuring 67 people. The United States threatens to cut off aid to the regime of [[Ngô Đình Diệm]].
* [[June 4]] &ndash; President of the United States [[John F. Kennedy]] signs [[Executive Order 11110]], authorizing the [[Secretary of the Treasury]] to continue issuing [[Silver certificate (United States)|silver certificates]].
* [[June 5]] &ndash; The first annual [[National Hockey League]] [[NHL Entry Draft|Entry Draft]] is held in [[Montreal]], Canada.
[[File:Thích Quảng Đức self-immolation.jpg|thumb|250px|Thích Quảng Đức's self-immolation]]
* [[June 11]] &ndash; In [[Saigon]], [[Buddhist monk]] [[Thích Quảng Đức]] commits [[self-immolation]] to protest the oppression of Buddhists by [[Ngô Đình Diệm]]’s government.
* [[June 13]] 
** The cancellation of [[Mercury-Atlas 10]] effectively ends the United States' manned [[spaceflight]] [[Project Mercury]].
** The New York Commodity Exchange begins trading silver [[futures contract]]s.
* [[June 15]] &ndash; The [[AC Cobra]] makes its first appearance at the [[1963 24 Hours of Le Mans|24 Hours of Le Mans]]. It will go on to win its class [[1964 24 Hours of Le Mans|the following year]].
* [[June 16]] &ndash; [[Vostok 6]] carries Soviet cosmonaut [[Valentina Tereshkova]], the first woman into space.
* [[June 17]] &ndash; In ''[[Abington School District v. Schempp]],'' the [[Supreme Court of the United States|US Supreme Court]] ruled that compulsory [[School prayer in the United States|prayer]] and Bible-reading violated the [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]].
* [[June 19]] &ndash; [[Valentina Tereshkova]] the first woman in space, returns to Earth, landing in the [[Soviet Union]].
* [[June 20]]
** Establishment of the [[Moscow–Washington hotline]] (officially, the Direct Communications Link or DCL; unofficially, the "red telephone"; and in fact a [[teleprinter]] link) is authorized by the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding in Geneva by representatives of the Soviet Union and the United States.<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Hot Line Agreements (1963, 1971, 1984) |title=Historical Dictionary Of Arms Control And Disarmament |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000lars |url-access=registration |first1=Jeffrey A. |last1=Larsen |first2=James M. |last2=Smith |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000lars/page/107 107]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=David |last=Kahn |title=The Codebreakers: The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1996 |page=715}}</ref>
** Swedish Air Force Colonel [[Stig Wennerström (spy)|Stig Wennerström]] is arrested as a spy for the [[Soviet Union]].
** War film ''[[The Great Escape (film)|The Great Escape]]'' (starring [[Steve McQueen]] and [[Richard Attenborough]]) is premiered in London.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Great Escape, premiere |work=[[The Times]] |location=London |date=20 June 1963 |page=2}}</ref>
* [[June 21]] &ndash; [[Pope Paul VI]] (Giovanni Battista Montini) succeeds [[Pope John XXIII]] as the 262nd [[pope]].
* [[June 26]]
** [[John F. Kennedy]] gives his "[[Ich bin ein Berliner]]" speech in [[West Berlin]], Germany.<ref>{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Simon |title=Shakespeare on the German stage |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge England New York |year=1990 |isbn=978-0-521-34386-2 |page=351}}</ref>
** [[David Ben-Gurion]] is replaced by [[Levi Eshkol]] as prime minister of Israel.

===July===
{{Main|July 1963}}
* [[July 1]] &ndash; [[ZIP code]]s are introduced by the [[United States Postal Service]].
* [[July 5]] &ndash; Diplomatic relations between the [[Israel]]i and the Japanese governments are raised to embassy level.
* [[July 7]] &ndash; [[Double Seven Day scuffle]]: Secret police loyal to [[Ngô Đình Nhu]], brother of President [[Ngô Đình Diệm]], attack American journalists including [[Peter Arnett]] and [[David Halberstam]] at a demonstration during the [[Buddhist crisis]] in South Vietnam.
* [[July 11]] &ndash; South Africa: police raid [[Liliesleaf Farm]] to the north of [[Johannesburg]], arresting a group of [[African National Congress]] leaders.
* [[July 19]] &ndash; American test pilot [[Joseph A. Walker|Joe Walker]], flying the [[X-15]], reaches an altitude of 65.8 miles (105.9 kilometers), making it a sub-orbital spaceflight by recognized international standards.
* [[July 26]]
** An [[1963 Skopje earthquake|earthquake]] in [[Skopje]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]] (present-day [[North Macedonia]]) leaves 1,800 dead.
** [[NASA]] launches [[Syncom]] 2, the world's first [[geostationary orbit|geostationary]] ([[geosynchronous orbit|synchronous]]) [[satellite]].
* [[July 30]] &ndash; The Soviet newspaper ''[[Izvestia]]'' reports that British diplomat and [[double agent]] [[Kim Philby]] has been given asylum in Moscow.

===August===
{{Main|August 1963}}
[[File:March on Washington edit.jpg|thumb|right|150px|August 28: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom]]
* [[August 5]] &ndash; The United States, United Kingdom and [[Soviet Union]] sign the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]].<ref name=PNTBT>{{cite web |title=Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water |url=http://disarmament.un.org/treaties/t/test_ban |publisher=United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs |access-date=2018-10-10}}</ref>
* [[August 8]] &ndash; The [[Great Train Robbery (1963)|Great Train Robbery]] takes place in [[Buckinghamshire]], England.
* [[August 14]] &ndash; A huge and devastating [[forest fire]] hits the region around [[Paraná (state)|Paraná State]], [[Brazil]]. According to government documents, two million hectares (4.94&nbsp;million acres) are lost to burning and 110 persons perished.<ref>[[:pt:Incêndio florestal no Paraná dm 1963]] ''(Portuguese language edition)'' Retrieved on July 3, 2020.</ref>
* [[August 15]] &ndash; ''[[Trois Glorieuses (1963)|Trois Glorieuses]]'': President [[Fulbert Youlou]] is overthrown in the [[Republic of Congo]] after a three-day uprising in the capital, [[Brazzaville]].
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[Xá Lợi Pagoda raids]]: The [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces]] loyal to [[Ngô Đình Nhu]], brother of President [[Ngô Đình Diệm]], vandalise Buddhist pagodas across South Vietnam, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead. In the wake of the raids, the [[Kennedy administration]] by [[Cable 243]] orders the [[United States Embassy, Saigon]] to explore alternative leadership in the country, opening the way towards a coup against Diệm.
* [[August 22]] &ndash; American test pilot [[Joseph A. Walker|Joe Walker]] again achieves a sub-orbital spaceflight according to international standards, this time by piloting the [[X-15]] to an altitude of 67.0 miles (107.8 kilometers).
* [[August 24]] &ndash; First games played in the [[Bundesliga]], the primary professional [[Association football]] league in [[West Germany]], replacing the Oberliga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10 things on the Bundesliga |url=https://www.bundesliga.com/[object%20Object]/faq/10-things-on-the-bundesliga |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=bundesliga.com - the official Bundesliga website |language=en}}</ref>
* [[August 28]] &ndash; [[Martin Luther King Jr.]] delivers his "[[I Have a Dream]]" speech on the steps of the [[Lincoln Memorial]] to an audience of at least 250,000, during the [[March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom]]. It is, at that point, the single [[Largest protests in American history|largest protest in American history]].
* [[August 30]] &ndash; The [[Moscow–Washington hotline]] (a direct [[teleprinter]] link) is inaugurated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy.<ref>{{cite news |title='Hot Line' Ready For Use In East–West Crisis |journal=Miami News |date=1963-08-31 |page=4}}</ref>

===September===
{{Main|September 1963}}
* [[September 1]] &ndash; [[Language legislation in Belgium#1962: Establishment of the language areas and facilities|Establishment of language areas and facilities in Belgium]] comes into effect. This will become the foundation for further [[state reform in Belgium]].
* [[September 6]] &ndash; The [[Centre for International Intellectual Property Studies]] (CEIPI) is founded.
* [[September 10]] &ndash; [[Sicilian Mafia]] boss [[Bernardo Provenzano]] is indicted for murder (he is captured 43 years later, on [[April 11]], [[2006]]).
* [[September 15]] &ndash; [[American civil rights movement]]: The [[16th Street Baptist Church bombing]], in [[Birmingham, Alabama]], kills 4 and injures 22.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; [[Malaysia]] is formed through the merging of the [[Federation of Malaya]] and the British [[crown colony]] of [[Singapore]], [[North Borneo]] (renamed [[Sabah]]) and [[Sarawak]].
* [[September 18]] &ndash; Rioters burn down the British Embassy in [[Jakarta]], to protest the formation of [[Malaysia]].
* [[September 19]] &ndash; [[Iota Phi Theta]] fraternity is founded at [[Morgan State College]] in [[Baltimore, Maryland]]
* [[September 23]] &ndash; [[King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals]] is established by a Saudi Royal Decree as the ''College of Petroleum and Minerals''.
* [[September 24]] &ndash; The [[United States Senate]] ratifies the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]].
* [[September 25]] &ndash; In the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Juan Bosch (politician)|Juan Bosch]] is deposed by a coup d'état led by the military with civilian support.
* [[September 29]] &ndash; The second period of the [[Second Vatican Council]] in Rome opens.

===October===
{{Main|October 1963}}
* [[October 1]] &ndash; U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] toasts Emperor [[Haile Selassie]] at a luncheon in [[Rockville, Maryland]].
* [[October 2]]
** [[Nigeria]] becomes a [[republic]]; The [[First Nigerian Republic|1st Republican Constitution]] is established.
** The [[Presidential Commission on the Status of Women]] in the United States issues its final reports to President Kennedy.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[1963 Honduran coup d'état]]: A violent coup in [[Honduras]] pre-empts the October 13 election, ends a period of reform under President [[Ramón Villeda Morales]] and begins two decades of military rule under General [[Oswaldo López Arellano]].
* [[October 4]] &ndash; [[Hurricane Flora]], one of the worst Atlantic storms in history, hits [[Hispaniola]] and [[Cuba]], killing nearly 7,000 people.
*[[October 7]] &ndash; [[Buddhist crisis]]: Amid worsening relations, outspoken South Vietnamese First Lady [[Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu]] arrives in the US for a speaking tour, continuing a flurry of attacks on the [[Kennedy administration]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Howard |last=Jones |year=2003 |title=Death of a Generation: How the Assassinations of Diem and JFK Prolonged the Vietnam War |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-505286-2 |location=New York City |pages=372, 385}}</ref>
* [[October 9]] &ndash; In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the [[Vajont Dam]] causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]], signed on [[August 5]], takes effect.<ref name=PNTBT/>
* [[October 14]] &ndash; A revolution starts in [[Radfan]], [[South Yemen]], against British colonial rule.
* [[October 16]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Erhard]] replaces [[Konrad Adenauer]] as Chancellor of West Germany.<ref>{{cite book |title=Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |year=2014 |page=312}}</ref>
* [[October 19]] &ndash; [[Alec Douglas-Home]] succeeds [[Harold Macmillan]] as [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Mark Dunton |title=Images of The National Archives: Prime Ministers of the 20th Century |isbn=978-1-5267-2952-1 |publisher=Pen & Sword Books Limited |year=2021 |page=59}}</ref>
* [[October 24]] &ndash; Fire at the Soviet Union's [[Baikonur Cosmodrome]] in an [[R-9 Desna]] [[Missile launch facility|underground missile silo]]; seven people are killed.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kiselev |first=A. I. |title=Astronautics: summary and prospects |publisher=Springer |location=Wien London |year=2003 |isbn=978-3-211-83890-7 |page=538}}</ref>
* [[October 30]] &ndash; The car manufacturing firm [[Lamborghini]] is founded in Italy.
* [[October 31]] &ndash; [[1963 Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum gas explosion]]: 81 die in a gas explosion during a [[Holiday on Ice]] show at the [[Indiana State Fairgrounds Coliseum]] in [[Indianapolis]], United States.

===November===
{{Main|November 1963}}
* [[November 1]] &ndash; [[Arecibo Observatory]], a [[radio telescope]], officially begins operation in [[Puerto Rico]].
* [[November 2]] &ndash; [[1963 South Vietnamese coup]]: [[Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem]], the [[South Vietnam]]ese President.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; [[1963 South Vietnamese coup]]: Coup leader General [[Dương Văn Minh]] takes over as leader of [[South Vietnam]].
* [[November 7]] 
** 11 German miners are rescued from a collapsed mine after 14 days in what becomes known as the "[[Wunder von Lengede]]" ("miracle of [[Lengede]]").
** The star-studded movie [[It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World]] premieres in [[Los Angeles]].
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Finnair]] aircraft OH-LCA crashes before landing at [[Mariehamn Airport]] on [[Åland]].
* [[November 9]] &ndash; Two disasters in Japan:
** [[Miike coal mine]] explosion: A [[Coal mining|coal mine]] explosion kills 458 and sends 839 [[carbon monoxide poisoning]] victims to the hospital.
** [[Tsurumi rail accident]]: A triple train disaster in [[Yokohama]] kills 161.
* [[November 10]] &ndash; [[Malcolm X]] makes an historic speech in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]] ("[[Message to the Grass Roots]]").
* [[November 14]] &ndash; A volcanic eruption under the sea near [[Iceland]] creates a new island, [[Surtsey]].
[[File:JFK Motorcade GettyImages-517330536.jpg|right|thumb|November 22: Assassination of John F. Kennedy]]
* [[November 22]] &ndash; [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy]]: In a motorcade in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]], U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] is fatally shot by [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], and [[Governor of Texas]] [[John Connally]] is seriously wounded at 12:30 [[Central Time Zone|CST]]. Upon Kennedy's death, Vice President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] becomes the 36th president of the United States. A few hours later, President Johnson is [[First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson|sworn in]] aboard [[Air Force One]], as Kennedy's body is flown back to Washington, D.C. Stores and businesses shut down for the next four days, in tribute. 
* [[November 23]] 
** The [[Golden Age Nursing Home fire]] kills 63 elderly people near [[Fitchville, Ohio]], United States.
** The long-running sci-fi television series ''[[Doctor Who]]'' [[An Unearthly Child|premieres]] on [[BBC One|BBC TV]] in the United Kingdom. 
* [[November 24]]
** [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], assassin of John F. Kennedy, is shot dead by [[Jack Ruby]] in [[Dallas]], an event seen on live national television. 
** [[Vietnam War]]: New U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson confirms that the United States intends to continue supporting [[South Vietnam]] militarily and economically.
* [[November 25]] &ndash; [[State funeral of John F. Kennedy]]: President Kennedy is buried at [[Arlington National Cemetery]]. Schools around the nation cancel classes that day; millions watch the funeral on live international television. Lee Harvey Oswald's funeral takes place on the same day.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Billy C. Mossman |author2=M. W. Stark |title=The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921-1969 |publisher=Department of the Army |year=1972 |page=401}}</ref>
* [[November 29]]
** U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] establishes the [[Warren Commission]] to investigate the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy]].
** [[Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 831]], a [[Douglas DC-8]] crashes into a wooded hillside after taking-off from [[Dorval International Airport]] near [[Montreal]], killing all 118 on board, the worst [[Aviation accidents and incidents|air disaster]] for many years in Canada's history.
** Foundation stone for [[Mirzapur Cadet College]] is laid in East Pakistan (present-day [[Bangladesh]]).
* [[November 30]] &ndash; [[1963 Australian federal election]]: [[Robert Menzies]]' [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]]/[[National Party of Australia|Country]] [[Coalition (Australia)|Coalition]] [[Menzies Government (1949-66)|Government]] is re-elected with an increased majority to an unprecedented eighth term in office, defeating the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] led by [[Arthur Calwell]]. (This would be the final lower house election won by Menzies, who would retire from office during the term as the longest-serving [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] in Australian history; he would be [[1966 Liberal Party of Australia leadership election|replaced]] by [[Harold Holt]].)

===December===
{{Main|December 1963}}
*[[December 3]] &ndash; The [[Warren Commission]] begins its investigation into the [[assassination of John F. Kennedy|assassination of US President John F. Kennedy]].
* [[December 4]] &ndash; The second period of the [[Second Vatican Council]] closes.
* [[December 5]] &ndash; The Seliger Forschungs-und-Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH demonstrates rockets for military use to military representatives of non-NATO-countries near [[Cuxhaven]]. Although these rockets land via parachute at the end of their flight and no allied laws are violated, the [[Soviet Union]] protests this action.
* [[December 7]] &ndash; The first [[instant replay]] system to use [[videotape]] instead of film is used by [[Tony Verna]], a CBS-TV director, during a live televised sporting event, the [[Army–Navy Game]] of [[college football]] played in Philadelphia, United States.
* [[December 8]] &ndash; A lightning strike causes the crash of [[Pan Am Flight 214]] near [[Elkton, Maryland]], United States, killing 81 people.
* [[December 10]]
** [[Zanzibar]] gains independence from the United Kingdom, as a constitutional monarchy under Sultan [[Jamshid bin Abdullah of Zanzibar|Jamshid bin Abdullah]].
** [[Chuck Yeager]] narrowly escapes death while testing an NF-104A rocket-augmented aerospace trainer when his aircraft goes out of control at 108,700 feet (nearly 21 miles up) and crashes. He parachutes to safety at 8,500 feet after vainly battling to gain control of the powerless, rapidly falling craft. In this incident he becomes the first pilot to make an emergency ejection in the full pressure suit needed for high altitude flights.
* [[December 12]] &ndash; [[Kenya]] gains independence from the United Kingdom, with [[Jomo Kenyatta]] as prime minister.
* [[December 20]] &ndash; The [[Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials]] begin.
* [[December 21]] &ndash; [[Cyprus Emergency]]: Inter-communal fighting erupts between [[Greek Cypriots|Greek]] and [[Turkish Cypriots]].
* [[December 22]] &ndash; The cruise ship [[TSMS Lakonia|TSMS ''Lakonia'']] burns {{convert|180|mi|km}} north of [[Madeira]], with the loss of 128 lives.
* [[December 25]] &ndash; [[İsmet İnönü]] of the [[Republican People's Party]] (CHP) forms the new government of [[Turkey]] (28th government, coalition partners; independents, İnönü has served ten times as a prime minister, this is his last government).
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland]] dissolves.

===Date unknown===
* [[David H. Frisch]] and J.H. Smith prove that the [[radioactive decay]] of [[meson]]s is slowed by their motion (see [[Albert Einstein|Einstein]]'s [[special relativity]] and [[general relativity]]).
* The [[TAT-3]] [[transatlantic communications cable]] goes into operation.
* [[Ivan Sutherland]] writes the revolutionary [[Sketchpad]] program and runs it on the [[Lincoln TX-2]] computer at [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]].
* [[Slavery in Dubai]] is abolished.
* Construction of Moscow's [[Ostankino Tower]] begins.
* The [[IEEE Computer Society]] is founded.
* The [[Urdu keyboard]] is standardised by the Central Language Board in [[Pakistan]].
* [[Harvey Ball]] invents the ubiquitous [[smiley]] face symbol.
* The classic [[Porsche 911]] is first produced.
* The [[Reformed Druids of North America]] is founded.
* [[Hergé]]'s ''[[The Castafiore Emerald]]'' is published.
* [[Marvel Comics|Marvel]] releases their Superhero assembly team The Avengers.