Editing 1965 (section)

==Events==
===January&ndash;February===
{{main|January 1965}}
{{main|February 1965}}
* [[January 14]] &ndash; The First Minister of [[Northern Ireland]] and the [[Taoiseach]] of the [[Republic of Ireland]] meet for the first time in 43 years.
* [[January 20]] 
** [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] is [[Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson|sworn in]] for a full term as President of the United States.
** [[Indonesia]]n President [[Sukarno]] announces the withdrawal of the Indonesian government from the United Nations.
* [[January 29]] &ndash; [[Tampere Ice Stadium|Hakametsä]], the first ice rink of Finland, is inaugurated in [[Tampere]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/a/3-7765473|title=Suomen ensimmäinen jäähalli täyttää 50 vuotta – "Hakamettä" on monelle kiekkoilijalle toinen koti|first=Kirsi|last=Matson-Mäkelä|work=[[Yle]]|date=29 January 2015|access-date=29 January 2025|language=fi}}</ref>
* [[January 30]] &ndash; The [[Death and state funeral of Winston Churchill|state funeral]] of Sir [[Winston Churchill]] takes place in London with the largest assembly of dignitaries in the world until the 2005 funeral of [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4421081.stm|work=[[BBC News]]|title=Holding history's largest funeral|date=2005-04-08|access-date=2010-03-29}}</ref>
* [[February 4]] &ndash; [[Trofim Lysenko]] is removed from his post as director of the Institute of Genetics at the [[Russian Academy of Sciences|Academy of Sciences]] in the Soviet Union. [[Lysenkoism|Lysenkoist]] theories are now treated as pseudoscience.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The descent of Lysenko|last=Cohen|first=Barry M.|journal=[[Journal of Heredity]]|volume=56|pages=229–33|year=1965|issue=5|doi=10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107425}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Joravsky|first=David|title=The Lysenko Affair|url=https://archive.org/details/lysenkoaffair0000jora|url-access=registration|location=Cambridge, Mass.|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|year=1970|series=Russian Research Center studies, 61|isbn=0-674-53985-0}}</ref>
* [[February 12]] &ndash; The African and [[Malagasy Republic|Malagasy]] Common Organization (''{{lang|fr|Organization Commune Africaine et Malgache}}''; OCAM) is formed as successor to the Afro-Malagasy Union for Economic Cooperation (''{{lang|fr|Union Africaine et Malgache de Cooperation Economique}}''; UAMCE), formerly the [[African and Malagasy Union]] (''{{lang|fr|Union Africaine et Malgache}}''; UAM).
[[File:Flag of the Gambia.svg|thumb|180px|February 18: Flag of the newly independent Gambia]]
* [[February 15]] &ndash; The [[maple leaf]] is adopted as the [[flag of Canada]], replacing the [[Canadian Red Ensign]] flag.
* [[February 18]] &ndash; [[The Gambia]] becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
* [[February 20]]
** ''[[Ranger 8]]'' crashes into the Moon, after a successful mission of photographing possible landing sites for the [[Apollo program]] [[astronaut]]s.
** [[Suat Hayri Ürgüplü]] forms the new (interim) government of [[Turkey]] (29th government).
* [[February 21]] &ndash; [[Malcolm X]] is [[Assassination of Malcolm X|gunned down]] while giving a speech at the [[Audubon Ballroom]] in Harlem.

===March&ndash;April===
{{main|March 1965}}
{{main|April 1965}}
* [[March 2]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: [[Operation Rolling Thunder]] &ndash; The [[United States Air Force]] [[2nd Air Division]], [[United States Navy]] and [[Republic of Vietnam Air Force|South Vietnamese air force]] begin a 3{{frac|1|2}}-year aerial bombardment campaign against [[North Vietnam]].
* [[March 7]]
** [[Mass in the Catholic Church]] worldwide is said in local languages (rather than Latin) for the first time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Biggest Change Greets Catholics Tomorrow|location=Tucson|newspaper=Daily Citizen|date=6 March 1965|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Piero|last=Marini|title=A Challenging Reform: Realizing the Vision of the Liturgical Renewal, 1963-1975|publisher=Liturgical Press|year=2007|page=97}}</ref>
** "[[Selma to Montgomery marches#"Bloody Sunday" events|Bloody Sunday]]": Some 200 Alabama State Troopers attack 525 civil rights demonstrators in [[Selma, Alabama]], as they attempt to [[Selma to Montgomery marches|march to the state capitol of Montgomery]].
* [[March 8]] &ndash; Vietnam War: Some 3,500 [[United States Marines]] arrive in [[Da Nang]], [[South Vietnam]], becoming the first American ground combat troops in [[Vietnam]].
* [[March 9]] &ndash; The "[[Selma to Montgomery marches#Second march: "Turnaround Tuesday"|Turnaround Tuesday]]" march from Selma to [[Montgomery, Alabama]], under the leadership of [[Martin Luther King Jr.]], stops at the site of "Bloody Sunday", to hold a prayer service and return to Selma, in obedience to a court [[Injunction|restraining order]]. On the same day, [[White supremacist]]s attack three white ministers, leaving [[Unitarian Universalist]] minister [[James J. Reeb]] in a coma.
* [[March 10]] &ndash; An engagement is announced between [[Princess Margriet of the Netherlands]] and [[Pieter van Vollenhoven]], who will become the first commoner and the first Dutchman to marry into the [[Dutch royal family]].
* [[March 18]] &ndash; [[Cosmonaut]] [[Alexei Leonov]] leaves his [[Voskhod 2]] spacecraft for 12 minutes, becoming the first person to walk in space.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-50017409|title=Alexei Leonov: First person to walk in space dies aged 85|website=BBC News|date=11 October 2019|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref>
* [[March 20]]
** "[[Poupée de cire, poupée de son]]", sung by [[France Gall]] (music and lyrics by [[Serge Gainsbourg]]), wins the [[Eurovision Song Contest 1965]] (staged in Naples) for [[Luxembourg]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://eurovision.tv/event/Naples-1965/final|title=Official Eurovision Song Contest 1965 scoreboard|website=[[Eurovision Song Contest]]}}</ref>
** The [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] begins.
* [[March 23]]
** [[Events of March 23, 1965]]: Large student demonstration in Morocco, joined by discontented masses, meets with violent police and military repression. 
** [[Gemini 3]]: [[NASA]] launches the United States' first 2-person crew ([[Gus Grissom]], [[John Young (astronaut)|John Young]]) into [[Geocentric orbit|Earth orbit]].
**The first issue of ''[[The Vigilant]]'' is published from [[Khartoum]].
* [[March 25]] &ndash; Martin Luther King Jr. and 25,000 civil rights activists successfully end the 4-day march from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery.
*[[March 28]] &ndash; At least 400 are killed or missing after an [[1965 Valparaíso earthquake and El Cobre dam failure|earthquake triggered a series of dam failures]] in La Ligua, Chile.<ref>{{cite web |title=M 7.4 - Valparaiso, Chile |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/iscgem858940/impact |website=earthquake.usgs.gov |publisher=USGS |access-date=12 April 2021}}</ref>
* [[March 30]] &ndash; The second [[ODECA]] charter, signed by Central American states on December 12, 1962, becomes effective.
* [[April 3]] &ndash; The world's first space nuclear power reactor, ''[[SNAP-10A]]'', is launched by the United States from Vandenberg AFB, California. The reactor operates for 43 days and remains in [[low Earth orbit]].
* [[April 5]] &ndash; At the [[37th Academy Awards]], ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' wins 8 Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. [[Rex Harrison]] wins an Oscar for [[Academy Award for Best Actor|Best Actor]]. ''[[Mary Poppins (film)|Mary Poppins]]'' takes home 5 Oscars. [[Julie Andrews]] wins an [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for her performance in the title role. [[Sherman Brothers]] receives 2 Oscars including [[Academy Award for Best Original Song|Best Song]], "[[Chim Chim Cher-ee]]".
* [[April 6]] &ndash; The [[Intelsat I]] ("Early Bird") [[communications satellite]] is launched. It becomes operational [[May 2]] and is placed in commercial service in [[June]].
* [[April 9]] &ndash; The West German parliament extends the [[statute of limitations]] on [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[war crime]]s.
* [[April 12]] – A [[1965 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak|historic and extremely destructive]] tornado outbreak struck the Midwest region of the United States, killing 266.
* [[April 18]] &ndash; Consecration of Saint [[Clement of Ohrid]] Macedonian Orthodox Cathedral in Toronto, Canada.
* [[April 23]] &ndash; The [[Pennine Way]] officially opens.
* [[April 24]]
** The [[1965 Yerevan demonstrations]] start in Yerevan, demanding recognition of the [[Armenian genocide]].
** The bodies of Portuguese opposition politician [[Humberto Delgado]] and his secretary Arajaryr Moreira de Campos are found in a forest near Villanueva del Fresno, Spain (they were killed [[February 12]]).
** In the [[Dominican Republic]], officers and civilians loyal to deposed President [[Juan Bosch (politician)|Juan Bosch]] mutiny against the right-wing junta running the country, setting up a [[provisional government]]. Forces loyal to the deposed military-imposed government stage a countercoup the next day, and civil war breaks out, although the new government retains its hold on power.
* [[April 26]] &ndash; [[Rede Globo]] is founded in [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]].
* [[April 28]]
** [[American occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–66)|U.S. troops occupy the Dominican Republic.]]
** [[Vietnam War]]: Prime Minister of Australia [[Robert Menzies]] announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in [[South Vietnam]], supposedly at the request of the [[Saigon]] government (it is later revealed that Menzies had asked the leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the Americans).
* [[April 29]] &ndash; Australia announces that it is sending an [[infantry]] battalion to support the [[South Vietnam]] government.

===May&ndash;June===
{{main|May 1965}}
{{main|June 1965}}
* [[May 1]]
** [[Robert Askin|Bob Askin]] replaces [[Jack Renshaw]] as Premier of [[New South Wales]].
** The [[Battle of Dong-Yin]] occurs as a conflict between [[Taiwan]] and the People's Republic of China.
* [[May 9]] &ndash; Pianist [[Vladimir Horowitz]] returns to the stage after a 12-year absence, performing a legendary concert in [[Carnegie Hall]] in New York.
* [[May 12]] &ndash;West Germany and [[Israel]] establish diplomatic relations.
* [[May 25]] &ndash; [[Muhammad Ali]] knocks out [[Sonny Liston]] in the first round of their championship rematch with the "[[Muhammad Ali vs. Sonny Liston|Phantom Punch]]" at the [[Androscoggin Bank Colisée|Central Maine Civic Center]] in [[Lewiston, Maine|Lewiston]].
* [[May 27]] &ndash; [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]] beats [[S.L. Benfica|Benfica]] 1–0 at the [[San Siro]], [[Milan]] and wins the [[1964-65 European Cup]] in Association football.
* [[May 29]] &ndash; A mining accident in [[Dhanbad]], India, kills 274.
* [[May 31]] &ndash; Scottish [[Auto racing|racing driver]] [[Jim Clark]] wins the [[Indianapolis 500]], later this year winning the [[Formula One]] world driving championship.
* [[June 1]] &ndash; A [[Coal mining|coal mine]] explosion in [[Fukuoka]], Japan, kills 237.
* [[June 2]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in [[South Vietnam]].
* [[June 7]] &ndash; [[1965 Kakanj mine disaster|Kakanj mine disaster]]: A mining accident in [[Kakanj]], [[Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia and Herzegovina]], results in 128 deaths.
* [[June 10]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]] &ndash; [[Battle of Dong Xoai]]: About 1,500 [[Viet Cong]] mount a mortar attack on [[Đồng Xoài]], overrunning its military headquarters and the adjoining militia compound.
* [[June 19]] 
** [[Houari Boumediene]]'s Revolutionary Council ousts [[Ahmed Ben Bella]], in a bloodless [[coup]] in [[Algeria]].
** Air Marshal [[Nguyen Cao Ky]], head of the [[Vietnam Air Force|South Vietnamese Air Force]], was appointed prime minister at the head of the military junta, with General [[Nguyễn Văn Thiệu]] becoming a figurehead president, ending two years of short-lived military juntas.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Political Monks: The Militant Buddhist Movement during the Vietnam War | author = Moyar, Mark | journal = Modern Asian Studies | volume = 38 | issue = 4 | year = 2004 | pages = 749–784 | publisher = Cambridge University Press | location = New York City | author-link = Mark Moyar | doi = 10.1017/S0026749X04001295 | s2cid = 145723264 }}</ref>{{non sequitur|reason=Nguyen was prime minister at the head of the junta and the junta ceased to exist with the appointment of a figurehead president by the junta|date=March 2022}}
* [[June 20]] &ndash; Police in [[Algiers]] break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President [[Ahmed Ben Bella]].
* [[June 22]] &ndash; The [[Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea]] is signed in Tokyo.
* [[June 25]] &ndash; A U.S. Air Force [[Boeing C-135 Stratolifter]] bound for Okinawa crashes just after takeoff at [[MCAS El Toro]] in [[Orange County, California]], killing all 85 on board.

===July&ndash;August===
{{main|July 1965}}
{{main|August 1965}}
* July &ndash; The [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] secretariat is created.
* [[July 14]] &ndash; U.S. spacecraft ''[[Mariner 4]]'' flies by [[Mars]], becoming the first spacecraft to return images from the Red Planet.
* [[July 15]] &ndash; Greek Prime minister [[Georgios Papandreou]] and his government are dismissed by King [[Constantine II of Greece|Constantine II]].
* [[July 16]] &ndash; The [[Mont Blanc Tunnel]], a highway tunnel between France and Italy, is inaugurated by presidents [[Giuseppe Saragat]] and [[Charles de Gaulle]].
* [[July 24]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Four [[F-4 Phantom II|F-4C Phantoms]] escorting a [[Strategic bombing|bombing raid]] at Kang Chi are targeted by [[antiaircraft missile]]s, in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other 3 sustain damage.
* [[July 26]] &ndash; The [[Maldives]] obtains full independence from Great Britain.<ref>{{cite news |date=26 July 2015 |title=Timeline – Story of Independence |url=https://maldivesindependent.com/politics/timeline-story-of-independence-115638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624070805/https://maldivesindependent.com/politics/timeline-story-of-independence-115638 |archive-date=24 June 2016 |access-date=26 July 2015 |work=Maldives Independent}}</ref>
* [[July 27]] &ndash; [[Edward Heath]] becomes Leader of the British [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]].
* [[July 28]] &ndash; Vietnam War: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in [[South Vietnam]] from 75,000 to 125,000, and to more than double the number of men drafted per month - from 17,000 to 35,000.
* [[July 30]] &ndash; [[War on Poverty]]: U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] signs the [[Social Security Act of 1965]] into law, establishing [[Medicare (United States)|Medicare]] and [[Medicaid]].
* [[August 7]] &ndash; [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], [[Prime Minister of Malaysia]], recommends the expulsion of [[Singapore]] from the [[Malaysia|Federation of Malaysia]] following a deterioration of [[PAP–UMNO relations]], negotiating its separation with [[Lee Kuan Yew]], Prime Minister of Singapore.
* [[August 9]]
** [[Proclamation of Singapore]]: [[Singapore]] is expelled from the Federation of [[Malaysia]], which recognises it as a [[Sovereignty|sovereign nation]]. [[Lee Kuan Yew]] announces Singapore's independence and assumes the position of Prime Minister of the new island nation – a position he holds until [[1990]].
** An explosion at an [[Arkansas]] missile plant kills 53.
** [[Indonesia]]n president [[Sukarno]] collapses in public.
* [[August 11]] – [[Watts riots|Racial rioting]] in the [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] neighborhood of [[Watts, Los Angeles|Watts]] breaks out after an African American motorist, Marquette Frye,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mars |first=Shaun Michael |date=January 21, 2007 |title=Marquette Frye, 1944-1986 |url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/frye-marquette-1944-1986/ |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=BlackPast}}</ref> is stopped on suspicion of drunken driving. Six days of unrest are quelled by over 14,000 members of the [[California National Guard]]. There are 34 deaths and over $40 million in property damage. It is the largest and costliest urban rebellion of the [[Civil rights movement|Civil Rights movement]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watts Riots |url=https://crdl.usg.edu/events/watts_riots |access-date=October 2, 2024 |website=Digital Library of Georgia |publisher=University of Georgia, University Libraries}}</ref>
* [[August 18]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: [[Operation Starlite]] &ndash; 5,500 [[United States Marines]] destroy a [[Viet Cong]] stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in [[Quảng Ngãi Province]], in the first major American ground battle of the war. The Marines were tipped off by a Viet Cong deserter who said that there was an attack planned against the U.S. base at [[Chu Lai]].
* [[August 19]] &ndash; At the conclusion of the [[Frankfurt Auschwitz trials]], 66 ex-[[SS]] personnel receive [[life sentence]]s, 15 others shorter ones.
* [[August 21]] &ndash; [[NASA]] launches [[Gemini 5]] ([[Gordon Cooper]], [[Pete Conrad]]) on the first 1-week space flight, as well as the first test of [[fuel cell]]s for electrical power on such a mission.
* [[August 30]] &ndash; An [[avalanche]] buries a [[dam]] construction site at [[Saas-Fee]], Switzerland, killing 90 workers.
* [[August 31]] &ndash; U.S. President Johnson signs a law penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine.

===September&ndash;October===
{{main|September 1965}}
{{main|October 1965}}
* [[September 2]]
**[[Pakistan]]i troops enter the Indian sector of [[Kashmir]], while Indian troops counter at [[Lahore]].
** The People's Republic of China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
** [[Vietnam War]]: In a follow-up to August's [[Operation Starlite]], [[United States Marines]] and [[South Vietnam]]ese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, {{convert|23|mi|km}} south of the Chu Lai Marine base.
* [[September 8]]
** India opens 2 additional fronts against Pakistan.
** The Pakistan Navy destroys Indian Port of Dwarka. [[Operation Dwarka]] (Pakistan celebrates [[Victory Day (Pakistan)|Victory Day]] annually).
* [[September 9]]
** [[United Nations Secretary-General|U.N. Secretary General]] [[U Thant]] negotiates with Pakistan President [[Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)|Ayub Khan]].
** [[U Thant]] recommends China for [[United Nations]] membership.
* [[September 14]] &ndash; The fourth and final period of the [[Second Vatican Council]] opens.
* [[September 16]] &ndash; In [[Iraq]], Prime Minister [[Arif Abd ar-Razzaq]]'s attempted coup fails.
* [[September 17]] &ndash; King [[Constantine II of Greece]] forms a new government with Prime Minister [[Stephanos Stephanopoulos]], in an attempt to end a 2-year-old political crisis.
* [[September 18]]
** In Denmark, [[Palle Sørensen]] shoots 4 policemen in pursuit; he is apprehended the same day.
** [[Comet Ikeya–Seki]] is first sighted by Japanese astronomers.
** [[Premier of the Soviet Union|Soviet Premier]] [[Alexei Kosygin]] invites the leaders of India and Pakistan to meet in the Soviet Union to negotiate.
* [[September 19]] &ndash; Pakistani Forces achieve a decisive victory at the [[Battle of Chawinda]], ultimately halting the Indian advance and successfully stabilizing the [[Sialkot]] Front, it is the world's largest tank battle since the [[Battle of Kursk]] in the [[World War II|Second World War]] between [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[Soviet Union]] 
* [[September 20]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: An [[United States Air Force|USAF]] [[F-104 Starfighter]] piloted by Captain Philip Eldon Smith is shot down by a Chinese [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19|MiG-19 Farmer]]. The pilot is held until March 15, [[1973]].
* [[September 21]] &ndash; [[Gambia]], [[Maldives]] and [[Singapore]] are admitted as [[Members of the United Nations|members]] of the [[United Nations]].
* [[September 22]] &ndash; [[Radio Peking]] announces that Indian troops have dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border.
* [[September 24]]
** Fighting resumes between Indian and Pakistani troops.
** The British governor of [[Aden]] cancels the constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.
* [[September 27]] &ndash; The largest tanker ship at this time, ''Tokyo Maru'', is launched in [[Yokohama]], Japan.
* [[September 28]]
** [[Fidel Castro]] announces that anyone who wants to can emigrate to the United States.
** [[Taal Volcano]] in [[Luzon]], [[Philippines]], erupts, killing hundreds.
* [[September 30]]
** The [[Indonesia]]n army, led by General [[Suharto]], crushes an alleged communist coup attempt (see [[Transition to the New Order]] and [[30 September Movement]]).
** The classic family sci-fi show ''[[Thunderbirds (TV series)|Thunderbirds]]'' debuts on [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] in the United Kingdom.
* [[October 3]] &ndash; [[Fidel Castro]] announces that [[Che Guevara]] has resigned and left [[Cuba]].
* [[October 4]]
** At least 150 are killed when a commuter train derails at the outskirts of [[Durban]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], South Africa.
** Prime minister [[Ian Smith]] of [[Rhodesia]] and [[Arthur Bottomley]] of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] begin negotiations in London.
** [[Pope Paul VI]] makes the first [[Papal visits to the United States|papal visit to the United States]]. He appears for a Mass in [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|Yankee Stadium]] and makes a speech at the [[United Nations]].
** The [[University of California, Irvine]] opens its doors.
* [[October 5]] &ndash; [[Pakistan]] severs [[diplomatic relations]] with [[Malaysia]] because of their disagreement in the UN.
* [[October 6]] &ndash; [[Ian Brady]], a 27-year-old stock clerk from [[Hyde, Greater Manchester|Hyde]] in [[Cheshire]], is arrested for allegedly hacking to death (with a hatchet) 17-year-old apprentice electrician Edward Evans at a house on the [[Hattersley]] [[housing estate]].
* [[October 7]] &ndash; Seven Japanese fishing boats are sunk off [[Guam]] by [[Typhoon Carmen (1965)|Super Typhoon Carmen]]; 209 are killed.
* [[October 8]]
** [[Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966]]: The Indonesian army instigates the arrest and execution of communists which last until next March.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vickers |first1=Adrian |title=A History of Modern Indonesia. |date=2013 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=New York |isbn=9781107624450 |pages=160–165 |edition=2nd }}</ref>
** The 7 Fundamental Principles of the [[Red Cross and Red Crescent]] are adopted at the XX International Conference in Vienna, Austria.
** The [[International Olympic Committee]] admits [[East Germany]] as a member.
* [[October 10]] &ndash; The first group of [[Cuba]]n refugees travels to the U.S.
* [[October 12]]
** [[Per Borten]] forms a government in Norway.
** The U.N. General Council recommends that the United Kingdom try everything to stop a rebellion in [[Rhodesia]].
* [[October 13]] &ndash; Congo President [[Joseph Kasavubu]] fires Prime Minister [[Moise Tshombe]] and forms a provisional government, with [[Évariste Kimba]] in a leading position.
* [[October 15]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: The [[Catholic Worker Movement]] stages an anti-war protest in Manhattan. One draft card burner is arrested, the first under the new law.
* [[October 17]] &ndash; The [[1964 New York World's Fair|New York World's Fair]] at Flushing Meadows, closes. Due to financial losses, some of the projected site park improvements fail to materialize.
* [[October 18]] &ndash; The Indonesian government outlaws the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bartrop|first=Paul|title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide: Portraits of Evil and Good|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2012|isbn=978-0313386787|pages=355}}</ref>
* [[October 20]] &ndash; [[Ludwig Erhard]] is re-elected Chancellor of West Germany (he had first been elected in 1963).
* [[October 21]]
** [[Comet Ikeya–Seki]] approaches perihelion, passing {{convert|450,000|km|mi|-3}} from the sun.
** The [[Organization of African Unity]] meets in [[Accra]], [[Ghana]].
* [[October 22]]
** African countries demand that the United Kingdom use force to prevent [[Rhodesia]] from declaring unilateral independence.
** Colonel [[Christophe Soglo]] stages a second coup in [[Republic of Dahomey|Dahomey]].
* [[October 25]] &ndash; The Soviet Union declares its support of African countries in case Rhodesia unilaterally declares independence.
* [[October 27]]
** [[Brazil]]ian president [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco]] removes power from parliament, legal courts and opposition parties.
** [[Süleyman Demirel]] of [[Justice Party (Turkey)|AP]] forms the new government of [[Turkey]] (30th government).
* [[October 28]] &ndash; [[Pope Paul VI]] promulgates ''[[Nostra aetate]]'', a "Declaration on the Relation of the (Roman Catholic) Church with Non-Christian Religions" by the [[Second Vatican Council]] which includes a statement that Jews are not collectively responsible for the death of [[Jesus]] ([[Jewish deicide]]).
* [[October 29]] &ndash; An 80-kiloton nuclear device is detonated at [[Amchitka Island]], Alaska, as part of the [[Vela Uniform]] program, code-named Project Long Shot.
* [[October 30]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]]: Near [[Da Nang]], [[United States Marines]] repel an intense attack by [[Viet Cong]] forces, killing 56 guerrillas. A sketch of Marine positions is found on the dead body of a 13-year-old [[Vietnam]]ese boy who sold drinks to the Marines the day before.

===November&ndash;December===
{{main|November 1965}}
{{main|December 1965}}
* [[November 1]] &ndash; A [[trolleybus]] plunges into the [[Nile]] at [[Cairo]], Egypt, killing 74 passengers.
* [[November 3]] &ndash; [[President of France|French President]] [[Charles de Gaulle]] announces (just short of his 75th birthday) that he will stand for re-election.
* [[November 5]] &ndash; [[Martial law]] is announced in [[Rhodesia]]. The [[United Nations General Assembly]] accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82–9.
* [[November 6]] &ndash; Freedom Flights begin: [[Cuba]] and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States (by 1971, 250,000 Cubans take advantage of this program).
* [[November 8]] &ndash; [[Vietnam War]] &ndash; [[Operation Hump]]: The United States Army [[173rd Airborne]] is ambushed by over 1,200 [[Viet Cong]].
* [[November 11]]
** In [[Rhodesia]] (modern-day [[Zimbabwe]]), the white-minority government of [[Ian Smith]] [[Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence|unilaterally declares ''de facto'' independence]] ('UDI').
** [[United Airlines Flight 227]] crashes short of the runway and catches fire at [[Salt Lake City International Airport]], killing 43 out of 91 passengers and crew.
* [[November 12]] &ndash; A [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 216|UN Security Council resolution]] (voted 10–0) recommends that other countries not recognize independent Rhodesia.
* [[November 13]]
** The {{SS|Yarmouth Castle}} burns and sinks {{convert|60|mi|km}} off [[Nassau, Bahamas]], with the loss of 90 lives.
** British theatre critic [[Kenneth Tynan]] says "[[fuck]]" during a discussion on [[BBC]] satirical programme ''[[BBC-3 (TV series)|BBC-3]]'' for what many believed was the first time on British television. The corporation later issues a public apology.
* [[November 14]] &ndash; Vietnam War &ndash; [[Battle of Ia Drang]]: In the [[Ia Drang Valley]] of the [[Central Highlands (Vietnam)|Central Highlands]] in [[Vietnam]], the first major engagement of the war between regular United States and [[North Vietnam]]ese forces begins.
* [[November 15]] &ndash; U.S. racer [[Craig Breedlove]] sets a new [[land speed record]] of {{convert|600.601|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.
* [[November 16]] &ndash; [[Venera|Venera program]]: The [[Soviet Union]] launches the ''[[Venera 3]]'' space probe from [[Baikonur]], [[Kazakhstan]] toward [[Venus]] (on March 1, 1966, it becomes the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).
* [[November 20]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Security Council]] [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 217|recommends]] that all states stop trading with Rhodesia.
* [[November 22]] &ndash; The [[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) is established as a specialized agency of the [[United Nations]].
* [[November 23]] &ndash; Soviet general [[Mikhail Kazakov]] assumes command of the [[Warsaw Pact]].
* [[November 24]] &ndash; [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congolese]] [[lieutenant general]] [[Mobutu Sese Seko|Mobutu]] ousts [[Joseph Kasavubu]] and declares himself president.
* [[November 26]] &ndash; At the [[Hammaguir]] launch facility in the [[Sahara Desert]], France launches a [[Diamant A]] rocket with its first [[satellite]], ''[[Astérix (satellite)|Astérix-1]]'' on board, becoming the third country to enter [[outer space]].
* [[November 27]]
** Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters picket the [[White House]], then march on the [[Washington Monument]].
** [[Vietnam War]]: [[The Pentagon]] tells U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] that if planned major sweep operations to neutralize [[Viet Cong]] forces during the next year are to succeed, the number of American troops in [[Vietnam]] will have to be increased from 120,000 to 400,000.
* [[November 28]] &ndash; Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s call for "more flags" in [[Vietnam]], [[Philippines]] President-elect [[Ferdinand Marcos]] announces he will send troops to help fight in [[South Vietnam]].
* [[November 29]] &ndash; The Canadian satellite ''[[Alouette 2]]'' is launched.
* [[December 5]]
** [[Charles de Gaulle]] is [[1965 French presidential election|re-elected]] as French president with 10,828,421 votes.
** The "[[Glasnost Meeting]]" in Moscow becomes the first spontaneous political demonstration, and the first demonstration for civil rights in the Soviet Union.
[[File:Second Vatican Council by Lothar Wolleh 005 – unframed.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|December 8: End of the Second Vatican Council]]
* [[December 8]]
** The [[Second Vatican Council]] closes.
** Rhodesian prime minister [[Ian Smith]] warns that [[Rhodesia]] will resist a [[trade embargo]] by neighboring countries with force.
** The [[Race Relations Act 1965|Race Relations Act]] becomes the first legislation to address racial discrimination in the UK.
*[[December 9]] – ''[[A Charlie Brown Christmas]]'', the first ''[[Peanuts]]'' [[television]] special, debuts on [[CBS]] in the United States. It becomes a [[Christmas]] tradition. 
* [[December 15]]
** The [[Caribbean Free Trade Association]] (CARIFTA) is formed.
** ''[[Gemini 6]]'' and ''[[Gemini 7]]'' perform the first controlled rendezvous in Earth orbit.
* [[December 20]] &ndash; The [[World Food Programme]] is made a permanent agency of the [[United Nations]].
* [[December 21]]
** The [[Soviet Union]] announces that it has shipped rockets to [[North Vietnam]].
** In West Germany, [[Konrad Adenauer]] resigns as chairman of the Christian Democratic Party.
** The [[United Nations]] adopts the [[International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination]].
** A new 1-hour German-American production of the ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'', with an international cast that includes [[Edward Villella]] in the title role, makes its U.S. television debut. It is repeated annually by CBS over the next 3 years but after that is virtually forgotten until issued on DVD in 2009 by Warner Archive.
* [[December 22]] &ndash; A [[military coup]] is launched in [[Republic of Dahomey|Dahomey]].
* [[December 25]] &ndash; The [[Yemen]]i [[Nasserist Unionist People's Organisation]] is founded in [[Ta'izz]].
[[File:Ferdinand Marcos at the White House.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|December 30: Ferdinand Marcos is the 10th President of the Philippines]]
* [[December 30]]
** [[Ferdinand Marcos]] becomes [[President of the Philippines]].
** President [[Kenneth Kaunda]] of [[Zambia]] announces that Zambia and the United Kingdom have agreed on a deadline before which the Rhodesian white government should be ousted.
* [[December 31]] &ndash; [[Bokassa]] takes power in the [[Central African Republic]].

===Date unknown===
* Aborigines are given the vote in Queensland, Australia.
* [[Hainzl Industriesysteme GmbH]] company is founded in Austria.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.hainzl.at/company/geschichte.html?L=0 | title=Geschichte | access-date=2012-07-30 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311220637/http://www.hainzl.at/company/geschichte.html?L=0 | archive-date=2012-03-11 | url-status=dead }} )</ref>
* Tokyo officially becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from New York City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|title=Largest Cities Through History|publisher=[[Dotdash|About.com]]|work=[[Geographical (magazine)|Geography]]|access-date=February 27, 2006|archive-date=August 18, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818124242/http://geography.about.com/library/weekly/aa011201a.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===World population===
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="7"|[[World population]]
|-
!
!1965
!colspan="2"|[[1960]]
!colspan="2"|[[1970]]
|-
![[File:Globe.svg|50px]] World
|align="right"|'''3,334,874,000'''
|align="right"|3,021,475,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 313,399,000
|align="right"|3,692,492,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 357,618,000
|-
![[File:Africa satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] Africa
|align="right"|'''313,744,000'''
|align="right"|277,398,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 36,346,000
|align="right"|357,283,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 43,539,000
|-
![[File:Two-point-equidistant-asia.jpg|50px]] Asia
|align="right"|'''1,899,424,000'''
|align="right"|1,701,336,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 198,088,000
|align="right"|2,143,118,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 243,694,000
|-
![[File:Europe satellite orthographic.jpg|50px]] Europe
|align="right"|'''634,026,000'''
|align="right"|604,401,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 29,625,000
|align="right"|655,855,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 21,829,000
|-
![[File:Latin America terrain.jpg|50px]] Latin America
|align="right"|'''250,452,000'''
|align="right"|218,300,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 32,152,000
|align="right"|284,856,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 34,404,000
|-
![[File:LocationWHNorthernAmerica.png|50px]] Northern America
|align="right"|'''219,570,000'''
|align="right"|204,152,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 15,418,000
|align="right"|231,937,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 12,367,000
|-
![[File:Oceania (World-Factbook).jpg|50px]] Oceania
|align="right"|'''17,657,000'''
|align="right"|15,888,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 1,769,000
|align="right"|19,443,000
|align="right"|[[File:Green Arrow Up.svg|10px]] 1,786,000
|}