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1991 in science
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==Astronomy and space exploration== * May 18 β [[Helen Sharman]] becomes the first [[British people|British person]] in space, flying with the [[Soyuz TM-12]] mission.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm|title=1991: Sharman becomes first Briton in space|work=BBC News|accessdate=2008-02-01|date=1991-05-18|archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080307014408/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/18/newsid_2380000/2380649.stm|archivedate=2008-03-07|url-status=live}}</ref> * October 29 β The [[Galileo probe|''Galileo'' probe]] becomes the first spacecraft to visit an asteroid ([[951 Gaspra]]). * [[Steven Balbus]] and [[John F. Hawley]] publish their insights on [[magnetorotational instability]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Balbus|first1=Steven A.|last2=Hawley|first2=John F.|year=1991|title=A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=376|pages=214β233|bibcode=1991ApJ...376..214B|doi=10.1086/170270}}</ref> * Asteroid [[List of minor planets: 6001β7000#859|6859]] [[Meanings of minor planet names: 6001-7000#859|Datemasamune]] is discovered by [[Masahiro Koishikawa]]. * Asteroid [[List of minor planets: 11001β12000#514|11514]] [[Meanings of minor planet names: 11001β12000#514|Tsunenaga]] is discovered by [[Masahiro Koishikawa]]. * There are four [[lunar eclipse]]s: three penumbral on [[January 1991 lunar eclipse|January 30]], [[July 1991 lunar eclipse|July 26]], and [[June 1991 lunar eclipse|June 27]], and one minor partial lunar eclipse on [[December 1991 lunar eclipse|December 21]]. * There are two [[solar eclipse]]s: one annular eclipse on [[Solar eclipse of January 15, 1991|January 15]], and a very long total eclipse on [[solar eclipse of July 11, 1991|July 11]] (lasting 6 minutes and 53 seconds).
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