Editing 931 (section)

== Events ==
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=== By place ===

==== North Africa ====

* The [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Ummayad Caliphate of Córdoba]] invades and conquers the city of [[Ceuta]], which was ruled by the [[Berbers|Berber]] dynasty [[Banu Isam]].

==== Europe ====
* Spring &ndash; [[Hugh of Italy|Hugh of Provence]], king of [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italy]], cedes [[Lower Burgundy]] to [[Rudolph II of Burgundy|Rudolph II]], in return for Rudolf's renunciation of all claims to the Italian crown. He receives the [[Holy Roman Emperor|imperial crown]], and induces the Italian [[nobility]] to recognize his son [[Lothair II of Italy|Lothair II]] as the co-ruler of [[Italy|Lombardia]] (''Regnum Italiae'').<ref>[http://lombardleagues.proboards.com/thread/68/italian-history]. Italian History - Timeline Lombard Leagues Board, p. 11.</ref>
* King [[Harald Fairhair]] of [[Kingdom of Norway (872–1397)|Norway]] dies after a 59-year reign as the [[Scandinavia]]n nation's first ruler. He divides the kingdom among his many sons (about 25 years ago) to bring peace. Unable to travel through the country - and perform his royal duties, Harald hands over power to his favorite son [[Eric Bloodaxe]], who allegedly kills at least two of his brothers to gain the Norwegian throne that he will hold (approximate date).
* [[Rollo]], duke of [[Duchy of Normandy|Normandy]], dies at [[Rouen]] after an 11-year reign. He is the first leader of the [[Vikings|Viking]] settlers to establish an independent dukedom (a [[vassal]] of the [[West Francia|West Frankish Kingdom]]). His eldest son, [[William I Longsword]], becomes the second ruler of Normandy (approximate date). 
* [[Ramiro II of León|Ramiro II]] forces the abdication of his brother [[Alfonso IV of León|Alfonso IV]] and becomes king of [[Kingdom of León|León]] (Northern [[Spain]]). He has Alfonso and [[Fruela II of Asturias|Fruela]]'s three sons blinded in order to make them incapable of ruling.<ref>{{cite book | author = Collins, Roger | year = 1983 | title = Early Medieval Spain | publisher = St. Martin's Press | location = New York | isbn= 0-312-22464-8 | page = 241}}</ref>
* Ramiro II expands the border eastwards (nearly to the [[Pyrenees]]) and captures [[Burgos]] and the surrounding land. This land would soon be known as the [[County of Castile]] (approximate date).

==== England ====
* King [[Morgan Hen ab Owain|Morgan Hen]] of [[Glywysing]] and [[Kingdom of Gwent|Gwent]] ([[Wales]]) submits to the overlordship of King [[Æthelstan]], and attends his court with Kings [[Hywel Dda]] of [[Deheubarth]] and [[Idwal Foel]] of [[Kingdom of Gwynedd|Gwynedd]].

==== Asia ====
* Emir [[Mardavij|Mardavij ibn Ziyar]] defeats and kills his rival [[Asfar ibn Shiruya]]. He conquers in rapid succession the [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] cities of [[Hamadan]], [[Dinavar]], and [[Kashan]], and finally the entire region of [[Isfahan Province|Isfahan]], which becomes his capital. Mardavij appoints his brother [[Vushmgir]] as the governor of [[Amol]] (modern [[Iran]]).

=== By topic ===

==== Literature ====
* [[Nómina Leonesa]], an account of the kings of [[Asturias]] and León, is published (approximate date).

==== Religion ====
* March &ndash; [[Pope Stephen VII]] dies after a three-year reign. He is succeeded by [[Pope John XI|John XI]] (at the age of 20) as the 125th [[pope]] of the [[Catholic Church]]. His mother [[Marozia]] is the powerful [[Roman Senate|senatrix]] and ''patricia'' of [[Rome]].
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