Editing ATPase (section)

==Functions==
[[Image:Scheme sodium-potassium pump-en.svg|thumb|250px|[[NaKATPase|Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>ATPase]] ]]
Transmembrane ATPases import metabolites necessary for [[cell (biology)|cell]] [[metabolism]] and export toxins, wastes, and solutes that can hinder cellular processes. An important example is the [[sodium-potassium pump]] (Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>ATPase) that maintains the [[membrane potential|cell membrane potential]]. Another example is the [[hydrogen potassium ATPase]] (H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>ATPase or gastric proton pump) that acidifies the contents of the stomach. ATPase is genetically conserved in animals; therefore, [[cardenolides]] which are toxic steroids produced by plants that act on ATPases, make general and effective animal toxins that act dose dependently.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Dobler S, Dalla S, Wagschal V, Agrawal AA | title = Community-wide convergent evolution in insect adaptation to toxic cardenolides by substitutions in the Na,K-ATPase | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 109 | issue = 32 | pages = 13040–5 | date = August 2012 | pmid = 22826239 | pmc = 3420205 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1202111109 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Besides exchangers, other categories of transmembrane ATPase include [[co-transport]]ers and pumps (however, some exchangers are also pumps). Some of these, like the Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>ATPase, cause a net flow of charge, but others do not. These are called electrogenic transporters and electroneutral transporters, respectively.<ref name="libretexts">{{cite web |title=3.2: Transport in Membranes |url=https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biochemistry/Book%3A_Biochemistry_Free_For_All_(Ahern_Rajagopal_and_Tan)/03%3A_Membranes/3.02%3A_Transport_in_Membranes |website=Biology LibreTexts |access-date=28 July 2022 |language=en |date=21 January 2017}}</ref>