Editing Absolute pitch (section)

==About==
The frequency of AP in the general population is not known. A proportion of 1 in 10,000 is widely reported, but not supported by evidence;<ref name="Bachem, 1955">{{cite journal |last1=Bachem |first1=A. |title=Absolute Pitch |journal=The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America|date=November 1955 |volume=27 |issue=6 |page=1180 |doi=10.1121/1.1908155|bibcode=1955ASAJ...27.1180B |doi-access=free }}</ref> a 2019 review indicated a prevalence of at least 4% amongst music students.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Carden |first1=Jill |last2=Cline |first2=Tony |date=July 9, 2019 |title=Absolute pitch: Myths, evidence and relevance to music education and performance |journal=Psychology of Music |volume=47 |issue=6 |language=en-us |pages=890–901 |doi=10.1177/0305735619856098 |s2cid=199149622 |issn=0305-7356}}</ref>

Generally, absolute pitch implies some or all of these abilities, achieved without a reference tone:<ref>{{cite book |author1=Parncutt, R. |author2=Levitin, D. J. |year=2001 |title=The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians |chapter=Absolute Pitch |editor=Sadie, S. |publisher=Macmillan |location=London |isbn=1-56159-239-0}}</ref>
* Identify by name individual pitches played on various instruments.
* Name the [[key (music)|key]] of a given piece of tonal music.
* Identify and name all the tones of a given [[chord (music)|chord]] or other tonal mass.
* Name the pitches of common everyday sounds such as [[vehicle horn|car horns]] and [[Alarm device|alarms]].

Absolute pitch is distinct from [[relative pitch]]. While the ability to name specific pitches can be used to infer [[pitch interval|intervals]], relative pitch identifies an interval directly by its sound. Absolute pitch may complement relative pitch in musical listening and practice, but it may also influence its development.<ref name="Miyazaki, 2004">{{cite journal |first=Ken'ichi |last=Miyazaki |date=June 2004 |title=How well do we understand absolute pitch? |journal=Acoustical Science and Technology|volume=25 |issue=6 |pages=270–282 |doi=10.1250/ast.25.426 |doi-access=free |quote=AP and RP are actually very different modes of musical pitch processing, having incompatible features, and therefore it may be possible that one can interfere the development of the other, and vice versa.}}</ref>

There has been debate as to whether absolute pitch is learnable in adulthood.<ref name=Schmidt>{{cite journal|last=Schmidt|first=J. R.|title=Is absolute pitch learnable? Implicit and explicit absolute pitch|journal=Music Perception|date=2025|url=http://leadserv.u-bourgogne.fr/files/publications/001756-is-absolute-pitch-learnable-implicit-and-explicit-absolute-pitch.pdf}}</ref> Adults who possess relative pitch but do not already have absolute pitch can learn "pseudo-absolute pitch" and become able to identify notes in a way that superficially resembles absolute pitch.<ref>{{cite book |author=Levitin, D.J. |year=2008 |title=Music Meets Medicine, Proceedings of the Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation |chapter=Absolute pitch: Both a curse and a blessing |editor1=Clockars, M. |editor2=Peltomaa, M. |pages=124–132 |publisher=Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation |location=Helsinki, Finland}}</ref> Some people have been able to develop accurate pitch identification in adulthood through training.<ref>{{cite journal |biorxiv=10.1101/355933 |doi=10.3758/s13414-019-01869-3 |title=Is it impossible to acquire absolute pitch in adulthood? |date=2020 |last1=Wong |first1=Yetta Kwailing |last2=Lui |first2=Kelvin F. H. |last3=Yip |first3=Ken H. M. |last4=Wong |first4=Alan C.-N. |journal=Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics |volume=82 |issue=3 |pages=1407–1430 |pmid=31686378 }}</ref>