Editing Abuse (section)

==Types and contexts of abuse==

===Abuse of authority===
{{Main|Abuse of authority}}
Abuse of authority includes harassment, interference, pressure, and inappropriate requests or favors.<ref name="auto53">{{Cite web|title=Abuse of power or authority {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/ethics-office/ethics-guidance/abuse-of-power-or-authority/|access-date=2021-11-23|website=unesco.org}}</ref>

===Abuse of corpse===
[[Necrophilia]] involves possessing a physical attraction to dead bodies that may led to acting upon sexual urges. As corpses are dead and cannot give consent, any manipulation, removal of parts, mutilation, or sexual acts performed on a dead body is considered abuse.<ref name="auto72">{{Cite journal|last=Troyer|first=John|date=2008-05-01|title=Abuse of a corpse: A brief history and re-theorization of necrophilia laws in the USA|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13576270801954518|journal=Mortality|volume=13|issue=2|pages=132–152|doi=10.1080/13576270801954518|s2cid=144491253 |issn=1357-6275|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

===Abuse of discretion===
{{Main|Abuse of discretion}}
An abuse of discretion is a failure to take into proper consideration, the facts and laws relating to a particular matter; an arbitrary or unreasonable departure from precedent and settled judicial custom.<ref name="auto18">{{cite web|url=http://answers.encyclopedia.com/question/definition-abuse-discretion-344834.html |title=Abuse of Discretion |publisher=Answers.encyclopedia.com |access-date=5 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718005708/http://answers.encyclopedia.com/question/definition-abuse-discretion-344834.html |archive-date=18 July 2013 }}</ref>

===Abuse of dominance===
{{main|Competition law}}
Market dominance by companies is regulated by public and private enforcement of competition law, also known as antitrust or anti-monopoly law. These laws stop companies from doing things that hurt customers or block fair competition. For example, Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) prohibits companies in a dominant market position from abusing their power, such as through unfair pricing, limiting production, or refusing to deal with others.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Waked |first1=Dina I. |title=Antitrust as Public Interest Law: Redistribution, Equity, and Social Justice |journal=The Antitrust Bulletin |date=March 2020 |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=87–101 |doi=10.1177/0003603X19898624 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kadar |first1=Massimiliano |last2=Holzwarth |first2=Johannes |last3=Pereira |first3=Virgilio |date=2024-05-06 |title=Abuse of Dominance under Article 102 TFEU: a Survey on 2023 |url=https://academic.oup.com/jeclap/article/15/4/278/7665583 |journal=Journal of European Competition Law & Practice |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=278–286 |doi=10.1093/jeclap/lpae032 |issn=2041-7764|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

===Abuse of indulgences===
{{main|Indulgence#Late Medieval usage}}
In the Catholic Church, an indulgence is a way to reduce punishment for sin, often by prayer, pilgrimage or good works. In the Middle Ages, some Church officials demanded money in exchange both for forgiveness of sins and for other rewards such as future salvation.

===Abuse of information===
{{Main|Breach of confidence|Copyright infringement|Insider trading|Plagiarism}}
Abuse of information typically involves a breach of confidence or plagiarism, or extending the confidence of information beyond those authorised.

In the financial world, [[Insider trading]] can also be considered a misuse of internal information that gives an unfair advantage in investment.

===Abuse of power===
{{Main|Abuse of power}}
Abuse of power, in the form of "malfeasance in office" or "official misconduct", is the commission of an unlawful act, done in an official capacity, which affects the performance of official duties. Malfeasance in office is often grounds for a [[for cause]] removal of an elected official by [[statute]] or [[recall election]].

===Abuse of process===
{{Main|Abuse of process}}
A cause of action in [[tort]] arising from one party making a malicious and deliberate misuse or perversion of regularly issued court process (civil or criminal) not justified by the underlying legal action.

===Abuse of rank===
{{Main|Rankism}}
Rankism (also called abuse of rank) is treating people of a lower rank in an abusive, discriminatory, or exploitative way.<ref>{{cite web
 | last = Fuller
 | first = Robert
 | title = Rankism: A Social Disorder
 | url = http://www.breakingranks.net/weblog/rankism
 | access-date = 7 December 2013
}}
</ref> [[Robert W. Fuller]] claims that rankism includes the abuse of the power inherent in superior rank, with the view that rank-based abuse underlies many other phenomena such as bullying, racism, [[sexism]], and [[homophobia]].

===Abuse of statistics===
{{main|Misuse of statistics}}

===Abuse of trust===
{{further|Position of trust}}

===Abusive supervision===
{{Main|Abusive supervision}}
Abusive supervision is most commonly studied in the context of the workplace, although can arise in other areas such as in the household and at school. "Abusive supervision has been investigated as an antecedent to negative subordinate workplace outcome".<ref name="auto49">{{cite journal | last1 = Tepper | first1 = B. J. | year = 2000 | title = Consequences of abusive supervision | journal = Academy of Management Journal | volume = 43 | issue = 2| pages = 178–190 | jstor = 1556375 }}</ref><ref name="auto22">Hoobler, J. M., Tepper, B. J., & Duffy, M. K. ( 2000). Moderating effects of coworkers' organizational citizenship behavior on relationships between abusive supervision and subordinates' attitudes and psychological distress. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southern Management Association, Orlando, FL.</ref> "[[Workplace violence]] has combination of situational and personal factors". The study that was conducted looked at the link between abusive supervision and different workplace events.<ref name="Inness">{{cite journal | last1 = Inness | first1 = M | last2 = LeBlanc | first2 = M | last3 = Mireille | last4 = Barling | first4 = J | year = 2008 | title = Psychosocial predictors of supervisor-, peer-, subordinate-, and service-provider-targeted aggression | journal = Journal of Applied Psychology | volume = 93 | issue = 6| pages = 1401–1411 | doi=10.1037/a0012810 | pmid=19025256}}</ref>

===Academic abuse===
{{main|Workplace bullying in academia}}
Academic abuse is a form of workplace bullying which takes place in institutions of higher education, such as colleges and universities. Academia is highly competitive and has a well defined hierarchy, with junior staff being particularly vulnerable.

===Adolescent abuse===
{{further|Anti-social behaviour|Juvenile delinquency|Parental abuse by adolescents|Parental abuse of adolescents}}

===Adult abuse===
Adult abuse refers to the abuse of vulnerable adults.<ref name="auto31">{{cite web|url=http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/adultawstaff.pdf |title=Adult abuse |access-date=5 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211200952/http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/adultawstaff.pdf |archive-date=11 December 2013 }}</ref>

===Alcohol use disorder===
{{Main|Alcohol use disorder}}
Alcohol use disorder, as described in the [[DSM-IV]], is a psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences.<ref name="pubs.niaaa">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. [http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa30.htm "Diagnostic Criteria for Alcohol Abuse and Dependence"] ''Alcohol Alert,'' No. 30 PH 359, October 1995.<!--Retrieved 17 August 2009--></ref> Alcohol use disorder is sometimes referred to by the less specific term alcoholism. There are two types of people with alcohol use disorder: those who have anti-social and pleasure-seeking tendencies, and those who are anxiety-ridden- people who are able to go without drinking for long periods of time but are unable to control themselves once they start.<ref name="Neil R 2010, p.572">{{cite book|author1=Carlson, Neil R. |author2=Heth, C. Donald |title=Psychology: The Science of Behaviour |publisher=Pearson Canada Inc. |year=2010 |page=572}}</ref> [[Binge drinking]] is another form of alcohol use disorder. Frequent binge drinking or getting severely drunk more than twice is classed as alcohol misuse.<ref name="Michaud-2007">{{cite journal | date=February 2007 | first1=P.A. | last1=Michaud | title=Alcohol misuse in adolescents – a challenge for general practitioners | journal=Ther Umsch | volume=64 | issue=2 | pages=121–6 | doi=10.1024/0040-5930.64.2.121 | pmid=17245680}}</ref> According to research done through international surveys, the heaviest drinkers happen to be the United Kingdom's adolescent generation.<ref name="auto39">{{cite journal |last=McArdle |first=Paul |title=Alcohol abuse in adolescents |journal=[[Archives of Disease in Childhood]] |date=27 February 2008 |volume=93 |issue=6| doi = 10.1136/adc.2007.115840 |pages=524–527 |pmid=18305075|s2cid=25568964 }}</ref>

===Animal abuse===
{{Main|Cruelty to animals}}
{{See also|:Category:Cruelty to animals}}
Animal abuse is the infliction of suffering or harm upon animals, other than humans, for purposes other than self-defense. More narrowly, it can be harm for specific gain, such as killing animals for fur. Diverging viewpoints are held by jurisdictions throughout the world.

===Anti-social behavior===
{{Main|Anti-social behavior}}
{{See also|Incivility}}
Anti-social behavior is often seen as public behavior that lacks judgement and consideration for others and may damage them or their property. It may be intentional, as with vandalism or [[graffiti]], or the result of negligence. Persistent anti-social behavior may be a manifestation of an [[antisocial personality disorder]]. The counterpart of anti-social behavior is [[social behavior|pro-social behavior]], namely any behavior intended to help or benefit another person, group or society.<ref name="auto8">
 {{cite book
 | last=Berger
 | first=Kathleen Stassen
 | year=2003
 | title=The Developing Person Through Childhood and Adolescence, 6th edition (3rd publishing)
 | page=[https://archive.org/details/developingperso00berg/page/302 302]
 | publisher=Worth Publishers
 | isbn=978-0-7167-5257-8
 | url-access=registration
 | url=https://archive.org/details/developingperso00berg/page/302
 }}</ref>

===Bullying===
{{Main|Bullying}}
{{See also|Template:Bullying|Category:Bullying|Bullying in academia|Bullying in information technology|Bullying in medicine|Bullying in the military|Bullying in nursing|Bullying in teaching|Gay bullying|School bullying|Sexual bullying|Workplace bullying}}
Bullying is repeated acts over time that involves a real or perceived imbalance of power with the more powerful individual or group attacking those who are less powerful.<ref name="auto44">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/fs200127.pdf |author =Nels Ericson |title=Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying – Face Sheet #FS-200127 |publisher=Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention |work=National Criminal Justice Reference Service (part of the US Department of Justice) |access-date=8 December 2013}}</ref> Bullying may consist of three basic types of abuse – [[verbal abuse|verbal]], [[physical abuse|physical]] and [[Psychological abuse|emotional]]. It typically involves subtle methods of [[coercion]] such as [[intimidation]]. Bullying can be defined in many different ways. Although the UK currently has no legal definition of bullying,<ref name="auto6">{{cite web |url=http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=2755 |title=The University of Manchester : Dignity at Work and Study Procedure for Students |publisher=Documents.manchester.ac.uk |access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214093726/http://documents.manchester.ac.uk/display.aspx?DocID=2755 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> some US states have laws against it. Bullying is usually done to coerce others by [[fear]] or [[Coercion|threat]].

===Character assassination===
{{Main|Character assassination}}
Character assassination is an attempt to tarnish a person's reputation. It may involve exaggeration or [[Psychological manipulation|manipulation]] of facts to present an untrue picture of the targeted person. It is a form of [[defamation]] and can be a form of an ad hominem (to the person) argument.

==={{Anchor|Child abuse}} Child abuse===
{{Main|Child abuse}}
{{See also|Category:Child abuse|Child neglect}}
Child abuse is the physical or psychological/emotional mistreatment of children. In the United States, the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child.<ref name="CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/CMP/CMP-Surveillance.htm |access-date=20 October 2008 |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] |title=Child Maltreatment Surveillance: Uniform Definitions for Public Health and Recommended Data Elements |date=1 January 2008 |author1=Leeb, R.T. |author2=Paulozzi, L.J. |author3=Melanson, C. |author4=Simon, T.R. |author5=Arias, I. |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081016225901/http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/dvp/CMP/CMP-Surveillance.htm |archive-date=16 October 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Most child abuse occurs in a child's home, with a smaller amount occurring in the organisations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse: [[neglect]], [[physical abuse]], [[psychological abuse|psychological/emotional abuse]], and [[sexual abuse]].

====Child sexual abuse====
{{Main|Child sexual abuse}}
{{See also|:Category:Child sexual abuse|Child sexual abuse laws in the United States|False allegation of child sexual abuse|Laws regarding child sexual abuse|Penn State child sex abuse scandal|Relationship between child pornography and child sexual abuse}}
Child sexual abuse is a form of [[child abuse]] in which an adult or older adolescent abuses a child for sexual stimulation.<ref name="medline2008">{{cite web |url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/childsexualabuse.html |title=Child Sexual Abuse |work=Medline Plus |date = 2 April 2008 |publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine |access-date=7 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="APA Guidelines">{{cite journal |author = Acuff, Catherine |author2=Bisbing, Steven |author3=Gottlieb, Michael |author4=Grossman, Lisa |author5=Porter, Jody |author6=Reichbart, Richard |author7=Sparta, Steven |author8=Walker, C. Eugene | date=August 1999 | title = Guidelines for Psychological Evaluations in Child Protection Matters | volume = 54 | issue = 8 | pages = 586–593 | doi = 10.1037/0003-066X.54.8.586 | pmid = 10453704 | journal = American Psychologist |url=http://www.apa.org/practice/childprotection.html |access-date=7 May 2008 | quote=Abuse, sexual (child): generally defined as contacts between a child and an adult or other person significantly older or in a position of power or control over the child, where the child is being used for sexual stimulation of the adult or other person.| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422025317/http://www.apa.org/practice/childprotection.html| archive-date=22 April 2008| url-access=subscription }}
* {{lay source |template=cite web |title=Guidelines for psychological evaluations in child protection matters |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=main.doiLanding&uid=1999-03403-007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111214191441/http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=main.doiLanding&uid=1999-03403-007 |archive-date=2011-12-14 |website=APA PsycNET |date=7 May 2008}}</ref> Different forms of this include: asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities (regardless of the outcome), some types of [[indecent exposure]] of genitalia to a child, displaying pornography to a child, actual [[human sexual behavior|sexual contact]] against a child, viewing or engaging in physical contact with the child's genitals for sexual purposes, or using a child to produce [[child pornography]].<ref name=medline2008/><ref name="auto2">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/0145-2134(93)90061-9 | last1 = Martin | first1 = J. | last2 = Anderson | first2 = J. | last3 = Romans | first3 = S. | year = 1993 | last4 = Mullen | first4 = P | last5 = O'Shea | first5 = M | title = Asking about child sexual abuse: methodological implications of a two-stage survey | journal = Child Abuse and Neglect | volume = 17 | issue = 3| pages = 383–392 | pmid = 8330225 }}</ref><ref name="nspcc">{{cite web |url=http://www.nspcc.org.uk/helpandadvice/whatchildabuse/sexualabuse/sexualabuse_wda36370.html |title=Child sexual abuse definition from |publisher=The NSPCC |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213140423/http://www.nspcc.org.uk/helpandadvice/whatchildabuse/sexualabuse/sexualabuse_wda36370.html |archive-date=13 February 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=====Child-on-child sexual abuse=====
{{Main|Child-on-child sexual abuse}}
Child-on-child sexual abuse refers to a form of [[child sexual abuse]] in which a prepubescent child is sexually abused by one or more other children or adolescent youths, and in which no adult is directly involved. This includes sexual activity between children that occurs without consent, without equality, or as a result of [[coercion]];<ref name="shaw">{{cite journal |title=Child on child sexual abuse: psychological perspectives |journal=Child Abuse & Neglect |date=December 2000 |volume=24 |issue=12 |pages=1591–1600 |doi=10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00212-X |author1=Jon A Shaw |author2=John E Lewis |author3=Andrea Loeb |author4=James Rosado |author5=Rosemarie A Rodriguez |pmid=11197037}} {{registration required}}</ref> particularly when physical force, threats, trickery, or [[psychological manipulation|emotional manipulation]] are used to elicit co-operation.<!--

note: originally shaw read:

""<ref name="shaw">{{cite journal | last1 = Shaw | first1 = Jon A. | display-authors = etal | title =   Child on child sexual abuse: psychological perspectives | doi = 10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00212-X | journal = Child Abuse & Neglect | volume = 24 | issue = 12| pages = 1591–1600 | pmid = 11197037 | date = December 2000 }}</ref>

Important to note here is that the url given matches up with "December 2000"--a completely different publication than "September 2004". If, for some reason, the citation (Dec '00) fails, we can fall back to the original one (Sep '04).-->

===Civil rights abuse===
{{Main|Civil rights}}

===Clandestine abuse===
{{Main|Clandestine abuse}}
Clandestine abuse is [[sexual assault|sexual]], [[psychological abuse|psychological]], or [[Assault (tort)|physical abuse]] "that is kept secret for a purpose, concealed, or underhanded."<ref name="auto45">{{cite web |url=http://www.forensiceducation.com/sourcebooks/glossary/c.htm#030 |work=Forensiceducation.com |access-date=5 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927102345/http://www.forensiceducation.com/sourcebooks/glossary/c.htm#030 |title=Forensic Glossary – C – Clandestine Abuse |archive-date=27 September 2008}}</ref>

===Clerical abuse===
{{further|Catholic sex abuse cases}}

==={{Anchor|Cyber abuse or cyber bullying}} Cyber abuse or cyber bullying===
{{Main|Cyberbullying}}
{{See also|Computer crime|Cyber-aggression in the workplace|Cyberstalking|Cyberterrorism|Email bomb|Flaming (Internet)|Harassment by computer|Troll (Internet)}}
Cyberbullying "involves the use of information and communication technologies to support deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior by an individual or group, that is intended to harm others." -Bill Belsey<ref name="auto17">{{cite web |url=http://www.cyberbullying.org |title=Conceived of, and created by Bill Belsey |publisher=Cyberbullying.org |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100208033034/http://www.cyberbullying.org/ |archive-date=8 February 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Dating abuse or dating violence===
{{Main|Dating abuse}}
{{See also|Date rape}}
Dating abuse is a pattern of abusive behaviour exhibited by one or both partners in a [[dating (activity)|dating]] relationship. The behaviour may include, but is not limited to; [[physical abuse]]; [[psychological abuse]]; and [[sexual abuse]].

===Defamation===
{{Main|Defamation}}
{{See also|Libel|Slander}}
Defamation is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give an [[individual]], business, [[Product (business)|product]], [[Social group|group]], government or nation a negative image. It is usually – but not always,<ref group=note name="auto4">e.g., in the case the offense of defamatory libel under the common law of [[England and Wales]], where prior to the enactment of section 6 of the [[Libel Act 1843]] ([[Excuse (legal)|defense of justification]] for the public benefit), the truth of the defamatory statement was irrelevant, and it continues to be sufficient that it is published to the defamed person alone.</ref> a requirement that this claim be false and that the publication be communicated to someone other than the person defamed (termed the [[claimant]]).

===Disability abuse===
{{Main|Disability abuse}}
It has been noted that [[disabled]] people are disproportionately affected by disability abuse and [[bullying]], and such activity has been cited as a [[hate crime]].<ref name="Quarmby">{{cite book |last=Quarmby |first=Katharine |title=Scapegoat: Why we are failing disabled people |publisher=Portobello |year=2011}}</ref> The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled – such as wheelchair-users or individuals with physical differences (e.g., [[cleft lip]]) – but also those with [[learning disabilities]], [[autism]]<ref name="Sainsbury">{{cite book |last=Sainsbury |first=Clare |title=Martian in the Playground: Understanding the schoolchild with Asperger's syndrome |publisher=Paul Chapman Publishing |year=2000}}</ref><ref name="Attwood">{{cite book |last=Attwood |first=Tony |title=The Complete Guide to Asperger's Syndrome |publisher=Jessica Kingsley Publishers |year=2007 |pages=95–111}}</ref> or [[developmental coordination disorder]].<ref name="Kirby">{{cite book |last=Kirby |first=Amanda |title=Dyspraxia: The Hidden Handicap |publisher=Souvenir Press |year=1999 |pages=106–113}}</ref><ref name="Brookes">{{cite book |last=Brookes |first=Geoff |title=Dyspraxia |publisher=Continuum 2005 |pages=43–46 |isbn=978-0826475817 |chapter=8: Dyspraxia in the Preschool and Nursery|date=2005 }}</ref> In the latter case, this is linked to a poor ability in physical education, and this behaviour can be encouraged by an ignorant physical education teacher. Abuse of disabled people is not limited to schools; there are many known cases in which disabled people have been abused by staff of a "care institution", such as the case revealed in a [[BBC]] [[Panorama (TV series)|Panorama]] programme on a Castlebeck care home ([[Winterbourne View]]) near [[Bristol]], leading to its closure and suspension or firing of staff members.<ref name="BBC News">{{cite news
| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13548222
| title = Four arrests after patient abuse caught on film
| access-date = 3 September 2011
| publisher=BBC News
| date=1 June 2011}} Consequences of the BBC undercover report</ref>

===Discriminatory abuse===
{{Main|Discrimination|:Category:Discrimination| Template:Discrimination|Template:Discrimination sidebar|Prejudice|Religious discrimination}}
Discriminatory abuse involves picking on or treating someone unfairly because something about them is different; for example concerning:
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[ageism|age]]
* clothing or appearance
* [[ethnic discrimination|ethnicity]], nationality or culture including traits like [[language]]
* [[Sexism|gender]], including gender-related traits (e.g., Pregnancy)
* health (such as HIV/AIDS) or [[disability]] (e.g., [[mental disorders]])
* [[language]] usage
* lifestyle or occupation
* [[racism|race]] or skin colour
* [[religious persecution|religion]] or political affiliation
* [[Homophobia|sexuality]] and [[sexual orientation]]
* social class or creed
* weight or height
}}

Discriminatory laws such as [[redlining]] have existed in many countries. In some countries, controversial attempts such as [[racial quota]]s have been used to redress negative effects of discrimination.

Other acts of discrimination include [[political libel]], [[defamation]] of groups and [[stereotype]]s based on [[exaggeration]]s.

==={{Anchor|Domestic abuse or domestic violence}} Domestic abuse or domestic violence===
{{Main|Domestic violence}}
{{See also|Category:Domestic violence|Christianity and domestic violence|Common couple violence|Domestic violence and pregnancy|Effects of domestic violence on children|Epidemiology of domestic violence|Islam and domestic violence}}
Domestic abuse can be broadly defined as any form of abusive behaviours by one or both partners in an [[intimate relationship]], such as marriage, cohabitation, family, dating, or even friends.
Domestic violence has many forms, including:
* physical aggression (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, throwing objects), or threats thereof
* [[sexual abuse]]
* [[Psychological abuse|emotional abuse]]
* financial abuse (withholding money or controlling all money, including that of other family members)
* social abuse (restricting access to friends or family, insulting or threatening friends or family), controlling or domineering
* [[intimidation]]
* [[stalking]]
* passive/covert abuse<ref name="auto16">{{cite web |author =Cathy Meyer |url=http://divorcesupport.about.com/od/abusiverelationships/a/Pass_Agg.htm |title=Passive Aggressive Behavior, a Form of Covert Abuse |publisher=Divorcesupport.about.com |date=19 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213212518/http://divorcesupport.about.com/od/abusiverelationships/a/Pass_Agg.htm |archive-date=13 February 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto60">{{cite web |url=http://www.damnviolence.com/abuse-and-violence/ |title=Damm Violence |publisher=Damnviolence.com |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-date=17 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617185752/http://www.damnviolence.com/abuse-and-violence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> (e.g., [[neglect]])
* [[#Economic abuse|economic deprivation]]
Depending on local statues, the domestic violence may or may not constitute a crime, also depending on the severity and duration of specific acts, and other variables. Alcohol consumption<ref name="Markz">{{cite journal |last=Markowitz |first=Sara |title=The Price of Alcohol, Wife Abuse, and Husband Abuse |journal=Southern Economic Journal |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages=279–303 |date=October 2000 |jstor=1061471 |doi=10.2307/1061471|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w6916.pdf }}</ref> and [[mental illness]]<ref name="auto38">{{cite journal |author =Dutton, Donald G. |year=1994 |title=Patriarchy and Wife Assault: The Ecological Fallacy |journal=Violence and Victims |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=125–140 |url=http://www.familytx.org/research/articles/Dutton-ecofallicy.html |access-date=8 December 2013|doi=10.1891/0886-6708.9.2.167 |pmid=7696196 |s2cid=35155731 |url-access=subscription }} {{link note|note=the URL listed isn't the original source, but a reprint}}</ref> have frequently been associated with abuse.

===Economic abuse===
{{Main|Economic abuse}}
Economic abuse is a form of abuse when one intimate partner has control over the other partner's access to economic resources,<ref name="Adams (2008)">{{cite journal |last1=Adams |first1=A.E. |last2=Sullivan |first2=C.M.|last3=Bybee|first3=D. |last4=Greeson |first4=M.R. |title=Development of the Scale of Economic Abuse|journal=Violence Against Women |date=May 2008 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=563–588 |doi=10.1177/1077801208315529 |pmid=18408173|s2cid=36997173 }}</ref> which diminishes the victim's capacity to support him/herself and forces him/her to depend on the perpetrator financially.<ref name="Adams (2008)" /><ref name="Brewster (2003)">{{cite journal |last=Brewster |first=M. P. |title=Power and Control Dynamics in Pre-stalking and Stalking Situations |journal=Journal of Family Violence |year=2003 |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=207–217 |doi=10.1023/A:1024064214054|s2cid=38354784 }}</ref><ref name="Sanders (2004)">{{cite web |last=Sanders |first=Cynthia |url=http://csd.wustl.edu/Publications/Documents/WP04-15.pdf |title=Organizing for Economic Empowerment of Battered Women: Women's Savings Accounts |work=Center for Social Development, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University |access-date=19 September 2011}}</ref>

===Elder abuse===
{{Main|Elder abuse}}
Elder abuse is a type of harm to older adults involving abuse by trusted individuals in a manner that "causes harm or distress to an older person".<ref name="auto29">{{cite web |author =Gary FitzGerald |url=http://www.elderabuse.org.uk/ |title=Action on Elder Abuse Home |publisher=Elderabuse.org.uk |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref> This definition has been adopted by the [[World Health Organization]] from a definition put forward by [[Action on Elder Abuse]] in the UK. The abuse includes violence, [[neglect]], and other crimes committed against an elderly person and their forms include physical, mental, and financial abuses as well as passive and active neglect.<ref name="auto64">{{Cite book|title=Elder Abuse: A Public Health Perspective|last1=Summers|first1=Randal|last2=Hoffman|first2=Allan Michael|publisher=American Public Health Association|year=2006|isbn=9780875530505|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=5}}</ref>

===Emotional abuse===
{{further|Psychological abuse}}

While there is an absence of consensus as to the precise definition of emotional abuse, it is classified by the U.S. federal [[Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act]] as a form of mental injury.<ref name="auto19">{{Cite book|title=Sibling Abuse: Hidden Physical, Emotional, and Sexual Trauma|last=Wiehe|first=Vernon|publisher=SAGE|year=1997|isbn=978-0761910084|location=Thousand Oaks, CA|pages=33}}</ref> The typical legal definition, particularly in the area of child welfare, accepted by the majority of U.S. states describes it as injury to the psychological cap|acity or emotional stability as evidenced by an observable or substantial change in behavior, emotional response or cognition.<ref name="auto55">{{Cite book|title=Emotional Abuse of Children: Essential Information|last=Royse|first=David|publisher=Routledge|year=2015|isbn=9781138831780|location=Oxon|pages=7}}</ref>

===Employee abuse===
{{further|Abuse#Workplace abuse or workplace bullying}}

===False accusations===
{{Main|False accusations}}
False accusations (or false allegations) can be in any of the following contexts:
* informally in everyday life;
* [[quasi-judicial]]ly;
* [[judicial]]ly.

===Flag abuse===
{{Main|Flag desecration}}
Flag abuse (or flag desecration) is a term applied to various acts that intentionally destroy, damage or mutilate a flag in public, most often a national flag. Often, such action is intended to make a political point against a country or its policies. Some countries have laws forbidding methods of destruction (such as burning in public) or forbidding particular uses (such as for commercial purposes); such laws may distinguish between desecration of the country's own national flag and flags of other countries. Countries may have laws protecting the right to burn a flag as free speech.

==={{Anchor|Gaming the system}} Gaming the system===
{{Main|Gaming the system}}
Gaming the system (also called bending the rules, gaming the rules, playing the system, abusing the system, milking the system, or working the system) can be defined as using the rules and procedures meant to protect a system to instead [[Psychological manipulation|manipulate]] the system for a desired outcome.<ref name="auto36">{{cite web
 |url=http://www.organicks.net/attachments/9/TheGreatDueDateOf2008_8dec08_gnufdlPDF.pdf
 |title=The Great Due Date of 2008, slide 5
 |author=Joseph Potvin
 |url-status=dead
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160626162731/http://www.organicks.net/attachments/9/TheGreatDueDateOf2008_8dec08_gnufdlPDF.pdf
 |archive-date=26 June 2016 }}</ref>

===Gaslighting===
{{Main|Gaslighting}}
Gaslighting is [[psychological manipulation|manipulation]] through persistent [[denial]], misdirection, contradiction, and [[lie|lying]] in an attempt to [[Destabilisation|destabilize]] and delegitimize a target. Its intent is to sow seeds of doubt in the targets, hoping to make them question their own memory, perception, and sanity.<ref name="Oxford Dictionary">{{cite web|title=Oxford Dictionary definition of 'gaslighting'|url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gaslight|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724051009/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gaslight|url-status=dead|archive-date=24 July 2012|website=Oxford Dictionaries|publisher=Oxford University Press|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref><ref name="Dorpat">{{cite journal |last=Dorpat |first=T.L. |year=1994 |title=On the double whammy and gaslighting |journal=Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=91–96 |url=http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1995-25157-001 |url-access=subscription }} {{closed access}}</ref> Instances may range from the denial by an abuser that previous abusive incidents ever occurred up to the staging of bizarre events by the abuser with the intention of disorienting the victim. The term owes its origin to ''[[Gaslight (play)|Gaslight]]'', a 1938 play and 1944 film, and has been used in clinical and research literature.<ref name="Dorpat1996">{{cite book |last=Dorpat |first=Theodore L. |title=Gaslighting, the Double Whammy, Interrogation, and Other Methods of Covert Control in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis |year=1996 |publisher=Jason Aronson |isbn=978-1-56821-828-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3vLaAAAAMAAJ |access-date=6 January 2014}}</ref><ref name="JacobsonGottman1998">{{cite book |last1=Jacobson |first1=Neil S. |last2=Gottman |first2=John M. |title=When Men Batter Women: New Insights into Ending Abusive Relationships |date= 1998 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-81447-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXvhE_AD084C&pg=PA129 |access-date=6 January 2014 |pages=129–132}}</ref>

==={{Anchor|Gay abuse or gay bashing}} Gay abuse or gay bashing===
{{Main|Gay bashing}}
Gay bashing and gay bullying are [[verbal abuse|verbal]] or [[physical abuse]] against a person perceived by the aggressor to be gay, lesbian, or [[bisexual]], including people who are actually heterosexual, or of non-specific or unknown [[sexual orientation]].

===Harassment===
{{Main|Harassment}}
{{See also|Harassment by computer|Electronic harassment|Mobile harassment|Power harassment|Sexual harassment}}
Harassment covers a wide range of offensive behaviour. It is commonly understood as behaviour intended to disturb or upset. In the legal sense, it is behaviour which ''is found'' threatening or disturbing.

[[Power harassment]] is harassment or unwelcome attention of a political nature, often occurring in the environment of a workplace.

[[Sexual harassment]] refers to persistent and unwanted sexual advances, typically in the workplace, where the consequences of refusing sexual requests are potentially very disadvantageous to the victim.

===Hate crimes===
{{Main|Hate crimes}}
{{See also|:Category:Hate crime|Disability hate crime|Hate mail|Hate speech}}
Hate crimes occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her perceived membership in a certain [[social group]]; usually defined by [[race (classification of human beings)|racial group]], religion, [[sexual orientation]], [[disability]], [[ethnicity]], nationality, [[ageing|age]], [[gender]], [[gender identity]], or [[political affiliation]].<ref name="williams">{{cite web |author =Stotzer, R. |url=http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/Comparison%20of%20Hate%20Crime%20Formatted.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070811092040/http://www.law.ucla.edu/williamsinstitute/publications/Comparison%20of%20Hate%20Crime%20Formatted.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2007 |title=Comparison of Hate Crime Rates Across Protected and Unprotected Groups |publisher=[[Williams Institute]] |date=June 2007 |access-date=9 August 2007}}</ref>

"Hate crime" generally refers to [[crime|criminal acts]] which are seen to have been motivated by [[hatred]] of one or more of the listed conditions. Incidents may involve [[assault|physical assault]], damage to property, [[bullying]], [[harassment]], [[verbal abuse]] or [[insults]], or offensive graffiti or inflammatory letters (hate mail).<ref name="ovrbwx">{{cite web |url=http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/hate-crime/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051126153146/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/crime-victims/reducing-crime/hate-crime/ |archive-date=26 November 2005 |title=Home Office – Hate crime |publisher=Homeoffice.gov.uk |date=26 November 2005 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>

===Hazing===
{{Main|Hazing}}
Hazing is considered any activity involving [[harassment]], abuse, or [[humiliation]] as a way of [[initiation|initiating]] a person into a [[Social group|group]].

Hazing is seen in many different types of groups; including within [[gang]]s, clubs, [[team sport|sports teams]], [[military unit]]s, and [[wikt:Workplace|workplace]]s. In the United States and Canada, hazing is often [[Hazing in Greek letter organizations|associated with Greek-letter organisations]] ([[fraternities and sororities]]). Hazing is often prohibited by law and may be either physical (possibly [[violence|violent]]) or mental (possibly [[wikt:Degrading|degrading]]) practices. It may also include nudity or sexually oriented activities.

===Human rights abuse===
{{Main|Human rights}}
{{See also|:Category:Human rights abuses}}
Human rights are "basic rights and [[freedom (political)|freedoms]] to which all humans are entitled."<ref name="auto15">{{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.yourdictionary.com/human-rights#americanheritage |title=Human rights – Easy to understand definition of human rights by Your Dictionary |access-date=8 December 2013 |quote=The basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled, often held to include the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law. |dictionary=The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (retrieved through Your Dictionary web site) |edition=4 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company |date=2010}}</ref> Examples of rights and freedoms which have come to be commonly thought of as human rights include [[civil and political rights]], such as the right to life and [[liberty]], [[freedom of speech|freedom of expression]], and [[equality before the law]]; and [[economic, social and cultural rights]], including the right to participate in culture, the right to be treated with respect and dignity, the [[right to food]], the [[right to work]], and – in certain countries – the [[right to education]].

===Humiliation===
{{Main|Humiliation}}
Humiliation is the abasement of [[pride]], which creates mortification or leads to a state of being [[Humility|humbled]] or reduced to lowliness or [[Submission (emotion)|submission]]. It can be brought about through [[bullying]], [[intimidation]], physical or mental mistreatment or trickery, or by [[embarrassment]] if a person is revealed to have committed a socially or legally unacceptable act.

===Incivility===
{{Main|Incivility}}
{{See also|Workplace incivility}}
Incivility is a general term for social behaviour lacking in civility or good [[manners]], ranging from [[rude]]ness or lack of [[respect]] towards elders; vandalism and [[hooliganism]]; or public [[drunkenness]] and threatening behaviour.<ref name="auto32">{{cite web |url=http://www.askoxford.com/results/?view=dict&freesearch=incivility&branch=13842570&textsearchtype=exact |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070330162423/http://www.askoxford.com/results/?view=dict&freesearch=incivility&branch=13842570&textsearchtype=exact |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 March 2007 |work=[[AskOxford]] |title=Definition of 'Incivility' |access-date=25 November 2006}}</ref>

===Institutional abuse===
{{Main|Institutional abuse}}
{{See also|Foster care#State abuses}}
Institutional abuse can typically occur in a care home, [[nursing home]], acute hospital or in-patient setting and can be any of the following:<ref name="auto13">{{cite web |url=http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Institutional+abuse?opendocument |title=Institutional abuse |publisher=Surreycc.gov.uk |date=18 January 2007 |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622014740/http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Institutional+abuse?opendocument |archive-date=22 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[discrimination|discriminatory abuse]]
* [[#Financial abuse|financial abuse]]
* [[neglect]]
* [[physical abuse]]
* [[emotional abuse|psychological and emotional abuse]]
* [[sexual abuse]]
* [[verbal abuse]]
}}
'''Further reading'''
* Barter, Christine (1998). ''Investigating Institutional Abuse of Children (Policy, Practice, Research).'' National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC). {{ISBN|978-0902498846}}
* Beker, Jerome (1982). ''Institutional Abuse of Children and Youth (Child & Youth Services)''. Routledge.
* Manthorpe J, Penhale B, Stanley N (1999). ''Institutional Abuse: Perspectives Across the Life Course.'' Routledge.
* Westcott, Helen L (1991). ''Institutional Abuse of Children – From Research to Policy: A Review (Policy, Practice, Research S.) ''National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC).

===Insult===
{{Main|Insult}}
{{See also|Ad hominem|Incivility|Rudeness}}
An insult is an expression, statement or behaviour considered to be degrading and offensive.

===Intimidation===
{{Main|Intimidation}}
{{See also|Witness intimidation}}
'''Intimidation''' involves intentional behavior that would cause a person of reasonable apprehension to fear [[harm]] or [[injury]]. Within the context of a criminal prosecution it is not necessary to prove that the behavior caused the victim to experience [[wikt:terror|terror]] or panic.<ref name="auto10">{{cite book |title=Black's law dictionary |date=2009 |publisher=West |location=St. Paul, MN |isbn=9780314199508 |page=737 |edition=9th}}</ref> "The calculated use of violence or the [[threat]] of violence to attain goals political, religious, or ideological in nature... through intimidation, [[coercion]], or instilling [[fear]]" can be defined as terrorism.<ref name="auto42">{{cite web |url=http://library.enlisted.info/field-manuals/series-3/FM33-1/GLOSS.PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726044538/http://library.enlisted.info/field-manuals/series-3/FM33-1/GLOSS.PDF |archive-date=26 July 2011 |title=Terrorism defined in U.S. Army Regulation 190-52 [in Glossary – US Army Manuals, Field Manual 33-1] |publisher=U.S. Department of Army |work=Library.enlisted.info |url-status=usurped |quote=[Terrorism is] [t]he calculated use of violence or the threat of violence to attain goals, political, religious, or ideological in nature. This is done through intimidation, coercion, or fear. Terrorism involves a criminal act often symbolic in nature and intended to influence an audience beyond the immediate victims. (AR 190-52)}}</ref>

===Legal abuse===
{{See also|Category:Abuse of the legal system}}
Legal abuse refers to abuses associated with both [[Civil law (common law)|civil]] and [[Criminal law|criminal]] legal action.

===Market abuse===
{{Main|Market abuse}}
{{See also|Anti-competitive practices|Insider trading}}
Market abuse may arise in circumstances where financial investors have been unreasonably disadvantaged, directly or indirectly, by others who:<ref name="auto66">{{cite web |url=http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/internal_market/single_market_services/financial_services_transactions_in_securities/l24035_en.htm |title=Market abuse |publisher=Europa (web portal) |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>
* have used information which is not publicly available (insider dealing)
* have distorted the price-setting mechanism of financial instruments
* have disseminated false or misleading information.

===Medical abuse===
{{see also|Abuse#Patient abuse|Patient abuse|Aggression in healthcare|Bullying in medicine|Bullying in nursing|Medical malpractice|Never events}}

===Military abuse===
{{Main|Bullying in the military|Military use of children|Military sexual trauma|War crime|War rape}}
''War crimes'' are "violations of the laws or customs of war", including "murder, the ill-treatment or deportation of civilian residents of an occupied territory to slave [[labor camp]]s", "the murder or ill-treatment of [[prisoner of war|prisoners of war]]", the killing of hostages, "the wanton destruction of cities, towns and villages, and any devastation not justified by military, or civilian necessity".<ref name="black book">{{cite book | title=The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression | publisher=[[Harvard University Press]] | author=Nicolas Werth |author2=Karel Bartošek |author3=Jean-Louis Panné |author4=Jean-Louis Margolin |author5=Andrzej Paczkowski | author6-link=Stéphane Courtois |author6=Stéphane Courtois | year=1999 | edition=hardcover (858 pages) | page=5 | isbn=978-0-674-07608-2}} (see also: ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]'')</ref>

''War rape'' is rape committed by soldiers, other [[combatant]]s or civilians during armed conflict or war. During war and armed conflict rape is frequently used as means of [[psychological warfare]] to [[humiliate]] the enemy and undermine their [[morale]].

''Military sexual trauma'' is [[sexual assault]] and rape experienced by military personnel. It is often accompanied by [[posttraumatic stress disorder]].<ref name="auto46">{{cite web |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18494197 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131213023100/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/18494197/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 December 2013 |title=Military sexual trauma – the new face of PTSD |access-date=31 December 2007 |author =Dawn Fratangelo |date=7 May 2007 |publisher=[[NBC News]] }}</ref>

===Mind abuse or mind control===
{{Main|Brainwashing}}
{{See also|:Category:Mind control|Mind games}}
Mind abuse or mind control refers to a process in which a group or individual "systematically uses unethically [[psychological manipulation|manipulative]] methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the manipulator(s), often to the detriment of the person being manipulated".<ref name="auto58">{{cite web |url=http://www.csj.org/studyindex/studycult/cultqa.htm |title=Cults: Questions and Answers |first=Michael |last=Langone |author-link=Michael Langone |publisher=Csj.org |access-date=27 December 2009 |quote=Mind control (also referred to as 'brainwashing,' 'coercive persuasion,' 'thought reform,' and the 'systematic manipulation of psychological and social influence') refers to a process in which a group or individual systematically uses unethically manipulative methods to persuade others to conform to the wishes of the manipulator(s), often to the detriment of the person being manipulated. |archive-date=3 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803145605/http://www.csj.org/studyindex/studycult/cultqa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The term has been applied to any tactic, [[psychological]] or otherwise, which can be seen as subverting an individual's sense of control over their own [[thinking]], behaviour, emotions or decision making.

===Misconduct===
{{Main|Misconduct|}}
{{See also|Duty to report misconduct|Judicial misconduct|Official misconduct|Police misconduct|Police misconduct in the United States|Prosecutorial misconduct|Scientific misconduct|Sexual misconduct}}
Misconduct means a wrongful, improper, or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated or intentional purpose or by obstinate indifference to the consequences of one's acts. Three categories of misconduct are ''official misconduct'', ''professional misconduct ''and ''sexual misconduct''.

===Mobbing===
{{Main|Mobbing}}
Mobbing means [[bullying]] of an individual by a group in any context. Identified as [[emotional abuse]] in the workplace (such as "ganging up" on someone by co-workers, subordinates or superiors) to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, [[innuendo]], [[intimidation]], [[humiliation]], [[discrediting]], and [[Isolation to facilitate abuse|isolation]], it is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial, general [[harassment]].<ref name="auto11">{{cite book |title=Mobbing: Emotional Abuse in the American Workplace |author1=Noa Davenport |author2=Ruth D. Schwartz |author3=Gail Pursell Elliott |publisher=Civil Society Publishing |isbn=9780967180304|date=1 January 1999 }}</ref>

Mobbing can take place in any group environment such as a workplace, neighbourhood or family.

===Narcissistic abuse===
{{Unreferenced section|date=January 2023}}
Narcissistic abuse is a term that emerged in the late 20th century, and became more prominent in the 2000s decade. It originally referred specifically to abuse by [[narcissistic parent]]s of their children, but more recently has come to mean any abuse by a [[narcissist]] (egotistical person or someone with arrogant pride).

===Neglect===
{{Main|Neglect}}
{{See also|Child neglect|Self-neglect}}
Neglect is a passive form of abuse in which a caregiver responsible for providing care for a victim (a child, a physically or mentally [[disabled]] adult, an animal, a plant, or an inanimate object) fails to provide adequate care for the victim's needs, to the detriment of the victim. It is typically seen as a form of laziness or apathy on the form of the caregiver, rather than ignorance due to inability; accordingly, neglect of a child by and adult with mental disorders or who is overworked is not considered abuse, although this may constitute child neglect nonetheless.

Examples of neglect include failing to provide sufficient [[Childcare|supervision]], [[nourishment]], [[medical care]] or other needs for which the victim is helpless to provide for themselves.

==={{Anchor|Negligence}} Negligence===
{{Main|Negligence}}
{{See also|Legal malpractice|Malpractice|Medical malpractice|Negligence in employment|Professional negligence in English Law}}
Negligence is [[behavior|conduct]] that is [[Culpability|culpable]] (to blame) because it falls short of what a [[reasonable person]] would do to protect another [[individual]] from foreseeable risks of harm.

===Parental abuse by children===
{{Main|Parental abuse by children}}
Abuse of parents by their children is a common but under-reported and under-researched subject. Parents are quite often subject to levels of [[childhood aggression]], typically in the form of [[verbal abuse|verbal]] or [[physical abuse]], in excess of normal childhood aggressive outbursts. Parents feel a sense of [[shame]] and [[humiliation]] to have that problem, so they rarely seek help; nor is much help available today.<ref name="auto61">{{cite web |url=http://www.parentlineplus.org.uk/default.aspx?page=viewarticle&module=articles-view&id=686&tags=25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120050223/http://www.parentlineplus.org.uk/default.aspx?page=viewarticle&module=articles-view&id=686&tags=25 |archive-date=20 November 2010 |title=Parentline Plus – Growing levels of concern from parents and carers experiencing aggression from their children |publisher=Parentlineplus.org.uk |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="auto23">{{cite web|url=http://familylives.org.uk/sites/default/files/When%20family%20hurts%202010.pdf |title=When Family Life Hurts |date=31 October 2010 |publisher=Familylives.org.uk |access-date=5 December 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619160335/http://familylives.org.uk/sites/default/files/When%20family%20hurts%202010.pdf |archive-date=19 June 2012}}</ref>

===Passive–aggressive behaviour===
{{Main|Passive–aggressive behavior}}
{{See also|Mind games|Neglect|Obstructionism|Procrastination|Silent treatment|Social undermining}}
Passive–aggressive behaviour is a form of [[covert]] abuse. It is passive, sometimes obstructionist resistance to following through with expectations in [[interpersonal]] or occupational situations.
It can manifest itself as [[learned helplessness]], [[procrastination]], stubbornness, [[resentment]], [[:wikt:sullen|sullenness]], or deliberate and repeated failures in accomplishing tasks for which one is (often explicitly) expected to do.

==={{Anchor|Patient abuse}} Patient abuse===
{{Main|Patient abuse}}
{{See also|:Category:Health care professionals convicted of murdering patients|Experimentation on prisoners|Iatrogenesis|Medical harm|Medical malpractice}}
Patient abuse or [[neglect]] is any action or failure to act which causes unreasonable suffering, misery or harm to the patient. It includes [[physical abuse|physically striking]] or [[sexual assault|sexually assaulting]] a patient. It also includes withholding of necessary food, physical care, and medical attention. It applies to various contexts such as hospitals, nursing homes, clinics and home visits.<ref name="auto20">{{cite web |url=http://www.doj.nh.gov/medicaid/whatispan.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040224192552/http://www.doj.nh.gov/medicaid/whatispan.html |archive-date=24 February 2004 |title=What is Patient Abuse and Neglect? – NHDOJ |publisher=New Hampshire Department of Justice |date=24 February 2004 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>

===Peer abuse===
"Peer abuse" is an expression popularised by author Elizabeth Bennett in 2006 to reinforce the idea that it is as valid to identify [[bullying]] as a form of abuse just as one would identify any other form of abuse.<ref name="auto56">{{cite book |last=Bennett |first=Elizabeth |title=Peer Abuse Know More!: Bullying From a Psychological Perspective |year=2006 |isbn=978-0741432650 |publisher=Infinity Publishing}}</ref> The term conveys similar connotations to the term ''[[peer victimisation]]''.

===Persecution===
{{Main|Persecution}}
{{See also|:Category:Persecution|:Category:Religious persecution}}
Persecution is the systematic mistreatment of an individual or group by another group. The most common forms are [[religious persecution]], [[ethnic persecution]], and [[political persecution]]; though there is naturally some overlap between these terms.

===Physical abuse===
{{Main|Physical abuse}}
Physical abuse is abuse involving contact intended to cause feelings of intimidation, [[pain]], injury, or other physical [[suffering]] or [[bodily harm]].

====Torture====
{{Main|Torture}}
{{See also|Category:Psychological torture techniques}}
Torture is any act by which severe [[suffering|pain]], whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted.

===Police abuse===
{{Main|Police brutality|Police corruption|Police misconduct|Abuse of power#Police officers}}
''Police brutality'' is the intentional use of excessive force by a police officer. Though usually physical it has the potential to arise in the form of [[verbal abuse|verbal attacks]] or [[psychological abuse|psychological intimidation]]. It is in some instances triggered by "[[contempt of cop]]", i.e., perceived disrespect towards police officers.

''Police corruption'' is a specific form of police misconduct designed to obtain financial benefits or career advancement for a police officer or officers in exchange for not pursuing, or selectively pursuing, an investigation or arrest.

''Police misconduct'' refers to inappropriate actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Police misconduct can lead to a [[miscarriage of justice]] and sometimes involves discrimination.

===Political abuse===
{{Main|Political corruption|:Category:Political corruption|Political repression|:Category:Political repression|Political abuse of psychiatry}}

===Prejudice===
{{Main|Prejudice}}
A prejudice is a preconceived belief, opinion, or judgment toward a group of people or a single person because of [[race (classification of human beings)|race]], social class, [[gender]], [[ethnicity]], [[sexual orientation]], [[ageing|age]], [[disability]], political beliefs, religion, line of work or other personal characteristics. It also means [[A priori and a posteriori|a priori]] beliefs (without knowledge of the facts) and includes "any unreasonable attitude that is unusually resistant to rational influence."<ref name="auto24">{{cite journal|last=Rosnow |first=Ralph L. |title=Poultry and Prejudice |journal=Psychologist Today |date=March 1972 |page=53}}</ref> Although positive and negative prejudice both exist, when used negatively, "prejudice" implies fear and [[antipathy]] toward such a group or person.

==={{Anchor|Prison abuse or prisoner abuse}} Prison abuse or prisoner abuse===
{{Main|Prisoner abuse}}
{{See also|:Category:Military prisoner abuse scandals|Experimentation on prisoners|Prison rape}}
Prisoner abuse is the mistreatment of persons while they are under arrest or incarcerated.
Abuse falling into this category includes:
* '''[[Physical abuse]]:''' hitting, beating, or other unauthorised [[corporal punishment]].
* '''[[Psychological abuse]]:''' [[taunting]], [[sleep deprivation]], or other forms of psychological abuse, occasionally [[white noise]]
* '''[[Sexual abuse]]:''' forced intercourse, genital mutilation, or other forms of sexual abuse.
* '''Other abuse:''' refusal of essential medication, [[humiliation]], etc.
* '''[[Enhanced interrogation]]:''' methods implemented in the [[War on Terror]] purportedly needed to extract information since other techniques would not yield results.
* '''[[Torture]]:''' any act by which severe [[suffering|pain]], whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted

===Professional abuse===
{{Main|Professional abuse}}
{{See also|Malpractice|Professional ethics|Professional negligence in English Law|Professional responsibility}}
Professional abusers:<ref name="auto57">{{cite web|url=http://www.surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Professional+abuse?opendocument |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211131652/http://surreycc.gov.uk/sccwebsite/sccwspages.nsf/LookupWebPagesByTITLE_RTF/Professional%2Babuse?opendocument |archive-date=11 February 2009 |title=Professional abuse |publisher=Surreycc.gov.uk |access-date=24 January 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* take advantage of their client or patient's trust
* exploit their [[vulnerability]]
* do not act in their best interests
* fail to keep [[professional boundaries]]

Abuse may be:
* [[discriminatory]]
* [[#Financial abuse|financial]]
* [[physical abuse|physical]]/[[neglect]]ful
* [[psychological abuse|psychological/emotional]]
* [[sexual abuse|sexual]]

Professional abuse always involves:
* [[Abuse of trust|betrayal of trust]]
* [[wikt:exploitation|exploitation]] of vulnerability
* violation of professional boundaries

'''Further reading'''
* Dorpat, Theodore L (1996). ''Gaslighting, the Double Whammy, Interrogation and Other Methods of Covert Control in Psychotherapy and Analysis. ''Jason Aronson, Incorporated.
* Penfold, P. Susan (1998). ''Sexual Abuse by Health Professionals: A Personal Search for Meaning and Healing.'' University of Toronto Press.

===Psychological abuse===
{{Main|Psychological abuse}}
{{See also|:Category:Psychological abuse}}
Psychological abuse, also referred to as emotional abuse or mental abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another to behavior that is psychologically harmful. Such abuse is often associated with situations of power imbalance, such as [[abusive relationship]]s, [[bullying]], [[child abuse]] and in the [[workplace bullying|workplace]].

===Racial abuse===
{{Main|Racism}}
Racism is abusive attitudes or treatment of others based on the belief that [[race (classification of human beings)|race]] is a [[essentialism|primary determinant]] of human traits and capacities. It is a form of [[pride]] that one's own race is superior and, as a result, has a right to "rule or dominate others", according to a ''[[Macquarie Dictionary]]'' definition. Racism is correlated with and can foster race-based [[prejudice]], violence, [[dislike]], discrimination, and [[oppression]].

===Ragging===
{{Main|Ragging}}
{{See also|Anti-raggers in Sri Lankan universities|Ragging in India|Ragging in Sri Lanka}}
Ragging is a form of abuse on newcomers to educational institutions in India, [[Sri Lanka]], and Australia. It is similar to the American phenomenon known as [[hazing]]. Currently, Sri Lanka is said to be its worst affected country in the world.<ref name="auto59">{{cite web|url=http://noragging.com/index.php/Research/Reports/Ragging-History-and-Evolution.html |title=Ragging: History and Evolution |publisher=Noragging.com |date=13 January 2010 |access-date=24 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618204928/http://noragging.com/index.php/Research/Reports/Ragging-History-and-Evolution.html |archive-date=18 June 2009}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{cite web |url=https://archives.sundayobserver.lk/2007/07/01/main_Letters.asp |title=Stop murder by ragging! |work=Sunday Observer |publisher=sundayobserver.lk |date=1 July 2007 |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091114193713/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2007/07/01/main_Letters.asp |archive-date=14 November 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Rape===
{{Main|Rape}}
{{See also|:Category:Rape|Corrective rape|Date rape|Effects and aftermath of rape|Motivation for rape|Prison rape|Rape by gender|Rape statistics|Rape trauma syndrome|Spousal rape|Types of rape|War rape}}
Rape, a form of [[assault|sexual assault]], is an assault by a person involving [[sexual intercourse]] (with or without sexual penetration) of another without the other's [[consent]] (this includes those who are considered unable to consent, e.g., if they were inebriated or asleep)

The rate of reporting, prosecution and convictions for rape varies considerably in different jurisdictions. The US Bureau of Justice Statistics (1999) estimated that 91% of US rape victims are female and 9% are male, with 99% of the offenders being male.<ref name="ucsc">{{cite web|url=http://www2.ucsc.edu/rape-prevention/statistics.html |title=UCSC Rape Prevention Education: Rape Statistics |publisher=2.ucsc.edu |access-date=1 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071223175149/http://www2.ucsc.edu/rape-prevention/statistics.html |archive-date=23 December 2007 |url-status=dead }} The study was conducted in Detroit, US.</ref> In one survey of women, only two percent of respondents who stated they were sexually assaulted said that the assault was perpetrated by a stranger.<ref name="Abbey">{{cite journal|author1=Abbey, A. |author2=BeShears, R. |author3=Clinton-Sherrod, A.M. |author4=McAuslan, P. |name-list-style=amp |journal=Psychology of Women Quarterly |issue=4 |pages=323–332 |url=http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Similarities_And_Differences_In_Women_s_Sexual_Assault_Experiences_Based_On_Tactics.pdf |title=Similarities and differences in women's sexual assault experiences based on tactics used by the perpetrator |year=2004 |access-date=7 December 2013 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00149.x |pmid=26257466 |pmc=4527559 |volume=28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130108020408/http://www.hawaii.edu/hivandaids/Similarities_And_Differences_In_Women_s_Sexual_Assault_Experiences_Based_On_Tactics.pdf |archive-date=8 January 2013 }}</ref> For men, [[prison rape|male-male rape in prisons]] has been a significant problem.<ref name="auto63">{{cite web |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2001/prison/report7.html#_1_48 |title=No Escape: Male Rape in U.S. Prisons – Anomaly Or Epidemic: The Incidence of Prisoner-On-Prisoner Rape |publisher=Human Rights Watch |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="auto69">{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/offenses/violent_crime/forcible_rape.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916010913/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2007/offenses/violent_crime/forcible_rape.html |archive-date=16 September 2008 |title=Forcible Rape – Crime in the United States 2007 |publisher=Fbi.gov |date=16 September 2008 |access-date=5 December 2013}}</ref>

===Relational aggression===
{{Main|Relational aggression}}
Relational aggression, also known as covert aggression<ref name="simon">{{cite book |last=Simon |first=George K. |title=In Sheep's Clothing: Understanding and Dealing with Manipulative People |year=1996 |publisher=A.J. Christopher |isbn=9780965169608 |edition=revised}}</ref> or covert [[bullying]]<ref name="Zabolio">{{cite book |author =McGrath, Mary Zabolio |title=School Bullying: Tools for Avoiding Harm and Liability |publisher=Corwin Press |location=Thousand Oaks, Calif | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CCHBVNtm8Z4C |year=2006 |page= 21|isbn=978-1-4129-1571-7 |access-date= 4 September 2008}}</ref> is a type of [[aggression]] in which harm is caused through damage to [[Interpersonal relationship|relationships]] or social status within a group rather than physical violence.<ref name = Zabolio/><ref name="Underwood">{{cite book |author =Marion K. Underwood |title=Social Aggression among Girls (Guilford Series on Social And Emotional Development) |publisher=The Guilford Press |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=lVYYibc0hmEC | location=New York |year=2003 |isbn=978-1-57230-865-7 |access-date= 4 September 2008|author-link=Marion K. Underwood }}</ref> Relational aggression is more common and has been studied more among girls than boys.<ref name = Underwood/>

===Religious abuse===
{{Main|Religious abuse}}
{{See also|Religious discrimination|Religious persecution|:Category:Religious persecution|Religious terrorism}}
Religious abuse refers to:
* use of religious teachings in an abusive manner that causes [[psychological trauma|psychological harm]]
* harassment or [[humiliation]] on the basis of the victim's religion, (see [[religious discrimination]])
* misuse of a religion for selfish, secular or [[ideological]] ends, see
** [[religion and politics]]
** abuse of a clerical position to perpetrate non-religiously motivated abuse, such as in the [[Catholic sex abuse cases]]<ref name="auto65">{{cite book|last=Wright |first=Keith |title=Religious Abuse |publisher=Wood Lake Publishing Inc. |year=2001}}</ref>
* any form of [[religious violence]], including:
** [[human sacrifice]]
** violent [[initiation rites]]

===Rudeness===
{{Main|Rudeness}}
Rudeness (also called impudence or effrontery) is the disrespect and failure to behave within the context of a society or a group of people's social laws or [[etiquette]].

===Satanic ritual abuse===
{{Main|Satanic ritual abuse}}
Satanic ritual abuse (SRA, sometimes known as ritual abuse, ritualistic abuse, organised abuse, sadistic ritual abuse and other variants) was a [[moral panic]] that originated in the United States in the 1980s, spreading throughout the country and eventually to many parts of the world, before subsiding in the late 1990s.

===School bullying===
{{Main|School bullying}}
{{See also|Bullying in teaching|List of school pranks}}
School bullying is a type of [[bullying]] that occurs in connection with education, either inside or outside of school. Bullying can be physical, verbal, or emotional and is usually repeated over a period of time.<ref name="stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov">{{cite web|url=http://stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=whatbullyingis |title=Stop Bullying Now! Information, Prevention, Tips, and Games |publisher=Stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov |access-date=24 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220222902/http://stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov/index.asp?area=whatbullyingis |archive-date=20 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://parentingteens.about.com/cs/bullying/a/bullyproof.htm |title=Teen Bully |publisher=Parentingteens.about.com |date=22 October 2009 |access-date=24 January 2010}}</ref>

===Sectarian abuse===
{{Main|Sectarianism}}

===Self-abuse===
{{Main|Self-abasement|Self-blame|Self-destructive behaviour|Self-harm|Self-hatred|Self-neglect|Self-victimization}}
Self-destructive behaviour is a broad set of extreme actions and emotions including [[self-harm]] and [[drug abuse]]. It can take a variety of forms, and may be undertaken for a variety of reasons. It tends to be most visible in young adults and adolescents, but may affect people of any age.

===Sexual abuse===
{{Main|Sexual abuse}}
{{See also|Template:Sexual abuse|:Category:Sexual abuse|Sexual harassment|Sexual misconduct|Sexual slavery}}
Sexual abuse is the forcing of undesired sexual behaviour by one person upon another, when that force falls short of being considered a [[assault|sexual assault]]. The offender is referred to as a ''sexual abuser'' or – more pejoratively – ''molester''.<ref name="asb">{{cite journal |title=Peer commentaries on Green (2002) and Schmidt (2002) |journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior |year=2002 |volume=31 |issue=6 |quote=Child molester is a pejorative term applied to both the paedophile and incest offender.|doi=10.1023/A:1020603214218 |pages=479–503|s2cid=102340546 }}</ref> The term also covers ''any'' behaviour by ''any'' adult towards a child to stimulate either the adult or child sexually. When the victim is younger than the [[age of consent]], it is referred to as [[child sexual abuse]].

===Sexual bullying===
{{Main|Sexual bullying}}
{{See also|Sexual harassment|Sexual misconduct}}
Sexual bullying is "any bullying behaviour, whether physical or non-physical, that is based on a person's sexuality or gender. It is when sexuality or gender is used as a weapon by boys or girls towards other boys or girls – although it is more commonly directed at girls. It can be carried out to a person's face, behind their back or through the use of technology."<ref name="NSPCC02" >{{cite web |url=http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/resourcesforteachers/classroomresources/sexual_bullying_definition_wdf68769.pdf |title=The NSPCC working definition of Sexual Bullying |publisher=[[National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children|NSPCC]] |access-date=22 April 2010 |archive-date=13 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613025646/http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/resourcesforteachers/classroomresources/sexual_bullying_definition_wdf68769.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Sibling abuse===
{{Main|Sibling abuse}}
Sibling abuse is the [[physical abuse|physical]], [[emotional abuse|emotional]], or [[sexual abuse]] of one sibling by another.

It is estimated<ref name="auto51">{{cite web |url=http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/sibabuse.htm |title=Sibling Abuse |publisher=YourChild: University of Michigan Health System |access-date=24 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100115181236/http://www.med.umich.edu/yourchild/topics/sibabuse.htm |archive-date=15 January 2010 | url-status=live}}</ref> that as many as 3% of children are dangerously abusive towards a sibling, making sibling abuse more common than either [[child abuse]] by parents or [[spousal abuse]].

===Smear campaign===
{{Main|Smear campaign}}
A "smear campaign", "smear tactic" or simply "smear" is a [[metaphor]] for activity that can harm an individual or group's reputation by [[Conflate#Logic|conflation]] with a [[Social stigma|stigmatised]] group. Sometimes smear is used more generally to include any reputation-damaging activity, including such colloquialisms as [[mud slinging]].

==={{Anchor|Spiritual abuse}} Spiritual abuse===
{{Main|Spiritual abuse}}
Spiritual abuse occurs when a person in religious authority or a person with a unique spiritual practice misleads and maltreats another person in the name of God(s), religion, or in the mystery of any spiritual concept. Spiritual abuse often refers to an abuser using spiritual or religious rank in taking advantage of the victim's spirituality (mentality and passion on spiritual matters) by putting the victim in a state of unquestioning obedience to an abusive authority.

===Stalking===
{{Main|Stalking}}
{{See also|Cyberstalking|Stalker (stalking)}}
Stalking is unwanted attention towards others by individuals (and sometimes groups of people). Stalking behaviours are related to [[harassment]] and [[intimidation]]. The word "stalking" is a term that has different meanings in different contexts in [[psychology]] and [[psychiatry]]; and some legal [[jurisdiction]]s use it to refer to a certain type of [[criminal offence]]. It may also to refer to criminal offences or [[civil wrong]]s that include conduct which some people consider to be stalking, such as those described in law as "harassment" or similar terms.

==={{Anchor|Structural abuse}} Structural abuse===
{{Main|Structural abuse}}
Structural abuse is [[sexual abuse|sexual]], [[emotional abuse|emotional]] or [[physical abuse]] that is imposed on an individual or group by a social or cultural system or authority. Structural abuse is indirect, and exploits the victim on an emotional, mental or psychological level.

==={{Anchor|Substance abuse}} Substance use disorder===
<!-- This Anchor tag serves to provide a permanent target for incoming section links. Please do not move it out of the section heading, even though it disrupts edit summary generation (you can manually fix the edit summary before you save your changes). Please do not modify it, even if you modify the section title. It is always best to anchor an old section header that has been changed so that links to it won't be broken. See [[Template:Anchor]] for details. (This text: [[Template:Anchor comment]]) -->
{{Main|Substance abuse}}
{{See also|:Category:Substance abuse}}
A '''substance use disorder''' is a patterned use of a drug in which the person consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of [[substance-related disorder]]. Widely differing definitions of substance use disorder are used in public health, medical and criminal justice contexts. In some cases criminal or [[anti-social behavior]] occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug, and long term personality changes in individuals may occur as well.<ref name="Ksir">{{cite book|last1=Ksir|first1=Charles|last2=Stern Ray|first2=Oakley|title=Drugs, society, and human behavior|year=2002|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Boston [u.a.]|isbn=978-0072319637|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CFBHAAAAMAAJ&q=antisocial}}</ref> In addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties, although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction.<ref name="mosby">(2002). ''[[Mosby's Medical, Nursing & Allied Health Dictionary]]''. Sixth Edition. Drug abuse definition, p. 552. Nursing diagnoses, p. 2109. {{ISBN|0-323-01430-5}}.</ref>

===Surveillance abuse===
{{Main|Surveillance abuse}}
Surveillance abuse is the use of [[surveillance]] methods or technology to monitor the activity of an individual or group of individuals in a way which violates the [[social norm]]s or laws of a society. [[Mass surveillance]] by the state may constitute surveillance abuse if not appropriately regulated. Surveillance abuse often falls outside the scope of [[lawful interception]]. It is illegal because it violates peoples' [[right to privacy]].

===Taunting===
{{Main|Taunting}}
A taunt is a [[battle cry]], a method in hand-to-hand combat, sarcastic remark, or [[insult]] intended to demoralise the recipient, or to anger them and encourage reactionary behaviours without thinking.<ref name="auto1">{{Cite book|last=Haber|first=Joel David|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/883855097|title=Bullyproof your child for life protect your child from teasing, taunting and bullying for good|date=2007|publisher=Penguin Group|isbn=978-0-399-53318-1|oclc=883855097}}</ref> Taunting can exist as a form of social competition to gain control of the target's [[cultural capital]] (i.e. [[social status|status]]).<ref name="auto14">{{Cite journal|last1=Kraus|first1=Michael W.|last2=Oveis|first2=Christopher|last3=Allison|first3=Maria Logli|last4=Young|first4=Randall C.|last5=Tauer|first5=John|last6=Keltner|first6=Dacher|date=26 August 2014|title=Teasing, Taunting, and the Politics of Politeness: High Sociometric Status Is Associated with Expectation-Consistent Behavior|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=8|pages=e104737|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0104737|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4144798|pmid=25157930|bibcode=2014PLoSO...9j4737K |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="auto25">{{Cite journal|last=Robbins|first=Derek|date=2005|title="The origins, early development and status of Bourdieu's concept of 'cultural capital'."|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00044.x|journal=The British Journal of Sociology|volume=56|issue=1|pages=15–30|doi=10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00044.x|pmid=15777460}}</ref> In [[sociological]] theory, the control of the three social capitals{{refn|Economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital, according to sociologist [[Pierre Bourdieu]]<ref name="auto12">{{cite web|title=The Forms of Capital|url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/bourdieu-forms-capital.htm|publisher=Marxists.org|access-date=11 March 2014|author =Pierre Bourdieu|year=1986}}</ref>|group="note"}} is used to produce an advantage in the social hierarchy as to enforce one's own position in relation to others. Taunting is committed by either directly [[bullying]], or indirectly encouraging others to bully the target. It is also possible to give a response of the same kind, to ensure one's own status. It can be compared to [[fighting words]] and [[trash-talk]].

===Teacher abuse===
{{main|Teacher abuse}}

===Teasing===
{{Main|Teasing}}
Teasing is a word with many meanings. In human interactions, teasing comes in two major forms, ''playful'' and ''hurtful''. In mild cases, and especially when it is reciprocal, teasing can be viewed as playful and friendly.
However, teasing is often unwelcome and then it takes the form of [[harassment]]. In extreme cases, teasing may escalate to actual violence, and may even result in abuse. Children are commonly teased on such matters as their [[Human physical appearance|appearance]], weight, [[behaviour]], [[Skill|abilities]], and clothing.<ref name="auto68">{{cite journal | doi = 10.1177/0146167200264009 | last1 = Kowalski | first1 = R. | year = 2000 | title = I was only kidding: Victim and perpetrators' perceptions of teasing | journal = [[Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin]] | volume = 26 | issue = 2| pages = 231–241 | s2cid = 143789640 }}</ref> This kind of teasing is often hurtful, even when the teaser believes he or she is being playful. One may also tease an animal. Some animals, such as dogs and cats, may recognise this as play; but in humans, teasing can become hurtful and take the form of [[bullying]] and abuse.

===Telephone abuse===
{{further|Nuisance call}}

===Terrorism===
{{Main|Terrorism}}
{{See also|:Category:Terrorism|:Category:Terrorism by form|Cyberterrorism|Economic terrorism|Religious terrorism|:Category:Religious terrorism|State terrorism}}
Terrorism is the systematic use of [[fear|terror]] especially as a means of [[coercion]].<ref name="auto70">{{cite web |title=Terrorism
|date=20 April 2024
|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terrorism
|publisher=Merriam-Webster's Dictionary
|quote=First known usage: 1795}}</ref>
At present, there is no internationally agreed [[definition of terrorism]].<ref name="auto34">{{cite web |author =Angus Martyn |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/Pubs/CIB/2001-02/02cib08.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090429023013/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/Pubs/CIB/2001-02/02cib08.htm |archive-date=29 April 2009 |title=The Right of Self-Defence under International Law-the Response to the Terrorist Attacks of 11 September |publisher=Australian Law and Bills Digest Group, Parliament of Australia Web Site |date=12 February 2002}}</ref><ref name="auto26">{{cite news|author=Thalif Deen |url=http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=29633 |title=POLITICS: U.N. Member States Struggle to Define Terrorism |publisher=[[Inter Press Service]] |date=25 July 2005 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611053853/http://ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=29633 |archive-date=11 June 2011}}</ref> Common definitions of terrorism refer only to those violent acts which are intended to create fear (terror), are perpetrated for an ideological goal (as opposed to a [[Lone wolf (terrorism)|lone attack]]), and deliberately target or disregard the safety of [[non-combatant]]s (e.g., [[Neutrality (international relations)|neutral]] [[military personnel]] or civilians). It is sometimes sponsored by state policies when a country is not able to prove itself militarily to another enemy country.

===Transgender abuse or trans bashing===
{{Main|Trans bashing}}
Trans bashing is the act of [[victimising]] a person physically, sexually, or verbally because they are [[transgender]] or [[Transsexualism|transsexual]].<ref name="auto43">{{cite news|url=http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,20774504-5005961,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502173830/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0%2C21985%2C20774504-5005961%2C00.html |archive-date=2 May 2008 |date=17 November 2006 |author=Mariza O'Keefe |work=Herald Sun |title=Guilty plea over transsexual bashing |url-status=dead }}</ref> Unlike [[gay bashing]], it is committed because of the target's actual or perceived [[gender identity]], not [[sexual orientation]].

===Umpire abuse===
{{Main|Umpire abuse}}
Umpire abuse refers to the act of abuse towards an [[umpire]], referee, or other official in sport. The abuse can be [[verbal abuse]] (such as [[namecalling]]), or [[physical abuse]] (such as punching).

===Verbal abuse or verbal attacks===
{{Main|Verbal abuse}}
Verbal abuse is a form of abusive behaviour involving the use of [[language]]. It is a form of [[profanity]] that can occur with or without the use of [[Expletive attributive|expletives]]. While oral communication is the most common form of verbal abuse, it also includes abusive words in written form.

Verbal abuse is a pattern of behaviour that can seriously interfere with one's positive emotional development and can lead to significant detriment to one's [[self-esteem]], emotional [[Quality of life|well-being]], and physical state. It has been further described as an ongoing emotional environment organised by the abuser for the purposes of control.

===Whispering campaign===
{{Main|Whispering campaign}}
A whispering campaign is a method of [[persuasion]] in which damaging rumours or innuendo are spread about the target, while the source of the rumours seeks to avoid being detected while spreading them (for example, a political campaign might distribute anonymous flyers attacking the other candidate).

==={{Anchor|Workplace abuse or workplace bullying}} Workplace abuse or workplace bullying===
{{Main|Workplace bullying}}
{{See also|Template:Workplace|Bullying in academia|Bullying in information technology|Bullying in medicine|Bullying in nursing|Bullying in teaching|Cyber-aggression in the workplace|Control freak|Emotional tyranny|Micromanagement|Negligence in employment|Workplace aggression|Workplace conflict|Workplace incivility|Workplace stress}}
Workplace bullying, like [[childhood]] [[bullying]], is the tendency of individuals or groups to use persistent aggressive or unreasonable behaviour against a co-worker. Workplace bullying can include such tactics as [[verbal abuse|verbal]], [[nonverbal]], [[psychological abuse|psychological]], [[physical abuse]] and [[humiliation]]. This type of [[aggression]] is particularly difficult because unlike the typical forms of [[school bullying]], workplace bullies often operate within the established rules and policies of their organisation and their society. Bullying in the workplace is in the majority of cases reported as having been perpetrated by a manager and takes a wide variety of forms.