Editing Acidobacteriota (section)

==Description==
Members of this phylum are physiologically diverse, and can be found in a variety of environments including soil, decomposing wood,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Tláskal|first1=Vojtěch|last2=Baldrian|first2=Petr|date=2021-06-17|title=Deadwood-Inhabiting Bacteria Show Adaptations to Changing Carbon and Nitrogen Availability During Decomposition|journal=Frontiers in Microbiology|volume=12|pages=685303| pmid=34220772 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2021.685303 |pmc=8247643|issn=1664-302X|doi-access=free}}</ref> [[hot spring]]s, oceans, caves, and metal-contaminated soils.<ref name=Bergey>{{cite book|title=Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria |pages=1–5 |chapter=''Acidobacteria'' phyl. nov. |date=2015 |doi=10.1002/9781118960608.pbm00001 |vauthors=Thrash JC, Coates JD |editor=Whitman WB |publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781118960608 }}</ref> The members of this phylum are particularly abundant in soil habitats representing up to 52% of the total bacterial community.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Empirical and Theoretical Bacterial Diversity in Four Arizona Soils|author=Dunbar, John|author2=Barns, Susan M.|author3=Ticknor, Lawrence O.|author4=Kuske, Cheryl R.|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|year=2002|volume=68|issue=6|pages=3035–3045|publisher=American Society for Microbiology|doi=10.1128/AEM.68.6.3035-3045.2002|pmid=12039765|pmc=123964|bibcode=2002ApEnM..68.3035D |oclc=679526952}}</ref> Environmental factors such as pH and nutrients have been seen to drive Acidobacteriota dynamics.<ref name=":022">{{Cite journal|last1=Kielak|first1=Anna M.|last2=Barreto|first2=Cristine C.|last3=Kowalchuk|first3=George A.|last4=van Veen|first4=Johannes A.|last5=Kuramae|first5=Eiko E.|date=2016-05-31|title=The Ecology of ''Acidobacteria'': Moving beyond Genes and Genomes|journal=Frontiers in Microbiology|volume=7|pages=744|doi=10.3389/fmicb.2016.00744|pmid=27303369|issn=1664-302X|pmc=4885859|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=Ryan T|last2=Robeson|first2=Michael S|last3=Lauber|first3=Christian L|last4=Hamady|first4=Micah|last5=Knight|first5=Rob|last6=Fierer|first6=Noah|date=2009-01-08|title=A comprehensive survey of soil acidobacterial diversity using pyrosequencing and clone library analyses|journal=The ISME Journal|volume=3|issue=4|pages=442–453|doi=10.1038/ismej.2008.127|pmid=19129864|issn=1751-7362|pmc=2997719|bibcode=2009ISMEJ...3..442J }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Fierer|first1=Noah|last2=Bradford|first2=Mark A.|last3=Jackson|first3=Robert B.|s2cid=7687418|date=June 2007|journal=Ecology|volume=88|issue=6|pages=1354–1364|doi=10.1890/05-1839|pmid=17601128|issn=0012-9658|title=Toward an Ecological Classification of Soil Bacteria|bibcode=2007Ecol...88.1354F }}</ref> Many Acidobacteriota are [[Acidophile|acidophilic]], including the first described member of the phylum, ''[[Acidobacterium capsulatum]]''.<ref name="Kuske1997">{{cite journal |author=Kuske CR |author2=Barns SM |author3=Busch JD |title=Diverse uncultivated bacterial groups from soils of the arid southwestern United States that are present in many geographic regions |journal=Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=3614–21 |date=1 September 1997|doi=10.1128/AEM.63.9.3614-3621.1997 |pmid=9293013 |pmc=168668 |bibcode=1997ApEnM..63.3614K }}</ref>

There is much that is unknown about Acidobacteria both in their form and function. Thus, this is a growing field of microbiology. Some of this uncertainty can be attributed to the difficulty with which these bacteria are grown in the laboratory. There has been recent success in propagation by using low concentrations of nutrients in combination with high amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>,<ref name=":022" /> yet, progress is still quite slow. These new methods have only allowed approximately 30% of subdivisions to have species documented.<ref name=":022" />

Additionally, many of the samples sequenced do not have taxonomic names as they have not yet been fully characterized. This area of study is a very current topic, and scientific understanding is expected to grow and change as new information comes to light.

Other notable species are ''[[Holophaga foetida]]'',<ref name="pmid8085918">{{cite journal|last=Liesack|first=Werner|author2=Bak, Friedhelm|author3= Kreft, Jan-Ulrich|author4= Stackebrandt, E.|title=Holophaga foetida gen. nov., sp. nov., a new, homoacetogenic bacterium degrading methoxylated aromatic compounds|journal=Archives of Microbiology|date=30 June 1994|volume=162|issue=1–2|pages=85–90|doi=10.1007/BF00264378|pmid=8085918|bibcode=1994ArMic.162...85L |s2cid=23516245}}</ref> ''[[Geothrix fermentans]]'',<ref name="pmid10555343">{{cite journal|last=Coates|first=J. D.|author2=Ellis, D. J.|author3= Gaw, C. V.|author4= Lovley, D. R.|title=Geothrix fermentans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel Fe(III)-reducing bacterium from a hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer|journal=International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology|date=1 October 1999|volume=49|issue=4|pages=1615–1622|doi=10.1099/00207713-49-4-1615|pmid=10555343|doi-access=free}}</ref> ''[[Acanthopleuribacter pedis]]''<ref name="pmid18984699">{{cite journal|last=Fukunaga|first=Y|author2=Kurahashi, M|author3= Yanagi, K|author4= Yokota, A|author5= Harayama, S|title=Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a chiton, and description of Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam. nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov., Holophagaceae fam. nov., Holophagales ord. nov. and Holophagae classis nov. in the phylum 'Acidobacteria'|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=November 2008|volume=58|issue=Pt 11|pages=2597–2601|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.65589-0|pmid=18984699|doi-access=free}}</ref> and ''[[Bryobacter aggregatus]]''.<ref name="pmid19651730">{{cite journal|last=Kulichevskaya|first=IS|author2=Suzina, NE|author3= Liesack, W|author4= Dedysh, SN|title=''Bryobacter aggregatus'' gen. nov., sp. nov., a peat-inhabiting, aerobic chemo-organotroph from subdivision 3 of the ''Acidobacteria''|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|date=February 2010|volume=60|issue=Pt 2|pages=301–6|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.013250-0|pmid=19651730}}</ref>
Since they have only recently been discovered and the large majority have not been cultured, the [[ecology]] and [[metabolism]] of these bacteria is not well understood.<ref name=Quaiser/> However, these bacteria may be an important contributor to [[ecosystem]]s, since they are particularly abundant within [[soil]]s.<ref name="Eichorst2007">{{cite journal |author=Eichorst SA |author2=Breznak JA |author3=Schmidt TM |title=Isolation and characterization of soil bacteria that define ''Terriglobus'' gen. nov., in the phylum ''Acidobacteria'' |journal=Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |volume=73 |issue=8 |pages=2708–17 |date=2007 |pmid=17293520 |doi=10.1128/AEM.02140-06 |pmc=1855589|bibcode=2007ApEnM..73.2708E }}</ref> Members of subdivisions 1, 4, and 6 are found to be particularly abundant in soils.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Janssen|first=P. H.|date=2006-03-01|title=Identifying the Dominant Soil Bacterial Taxa in Libraries of 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA Genes|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=72|issue=3|pages=1719–1728|doi=10.1128/aem.72.3.1719-1728.2006|pmid=16517615|issn=0099-2240|pmc=1393246|bibcode=2006ApEnM..72.1719J }}</ref>

As well as their natural soil habitat, unclassified subdivision 2 Acidobacteriota have also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents, which may lead to their erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Salter|first1=Susannah J.|last2=Cox|first2=Michael J.|last3=Turek|first3=Elena M.|last4=Calus|first4=Szymon T.|last5=Cookson|first5=William O.|last6=Moffatt|first6=Miriam F.|last7=Turner|first7=Paul|last8=Parkhill|first8=Julian|last9=Loman|first9=Nicholas J.|date=2014-01-01|title=Reagent and laboratory contamination can critically impact sequence-based microbiome analyses|journal=BMC Biology|volume=12|pages=87|doi=10.1186/s12915-014-0087-z|issn=1741-7007| pmc=4228153 |pmid=25387460 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Members of subdivision 1 have been found to dominate in low pH conditions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Sait|first1=M.|last2=Davis|first2=K. E. R.|last3=Janssen|first3=P. H.|date=2006-03-01|title=Effect of pH on Isolation and Distribution of Members of Subdivision 1 of the Phylum ''Acidobacteria'' Occurring in Soil|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|volume=72|issue=3|pages=1852–1857|doi=10.1128/aem.72.3.1852-1857.2006|pmid=16517631|pmc=1393200|bibcode=2006ApEnM..72.1852S |issn=0099-2240}}</ref><ref name=":022"/> Additionally, Acidobacteriota from acid mine drainage have been found to be more adapted to acidic pH conditions (pH 2–3) compared to Acidobacteriota from soils,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kleinsteuber|first1=Sabine|last2=Müller|first2=Frank-Dietrich|last3=Chatzinotas|first3=Antonis|last4=Wendt-Potthoff|first4=Katrin|last5=Harms|first5=Hauke|date=January 2008|title=Diversity and ''in situ'' quantification of ''Acidobacteria'' subdivision 1 in an acidic mining lake|journal=FEMS Microbiology Ecology|volume=63|issue=1|pages=107–117|doi=10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00402.x|pmid=18028401|bibcode=2008FEMME..63..107K |issn=0168-6496|doi-access=free}}</ref> potentially due to cell specialization and enzyme stability.<ref name=":022"/>

The [[GC-content|G+C content]] of Acidobacteria genomes are consistent within their subdivisions - above 60% for group V fragments and roughly 10% lower for group III fragments.<ref name=Quaiser/>

The majority of Acidobacteriota are considered [[aerobes]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Influence of Plant Polymers on the Distribution and Cultivation of Bacteria in the Phylum ''Acidobacteria'' ▿ †|last=Eichorst, Stephanie A. Kuske, Cheryl R. Schmidt, Thomas M.|publisher=American Society for Microbiology (ASM)|oclc=744821434}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{Cite book|title=Genomic insights into the ''Acidobacteria'' reveal strategies for their success in terrestrial environments.|last=Eichorst, Stephanie A. Trojan, Daniela. Roux, Simon. Herbold, Craig. Rattei, Thomas. Woebken, Dagmar.|oclc=1051354840}}</ref> There are some Acidobacteriota that are considered [[anaerobes]] within subdivision 8<ref name="pmid10555343"/> and subdivision 23.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Losey|first1=N. A.|last2=Stevenson|first2=B. S.|last3=Busse|first3=H.-J.|last4=Damste|first4=J. S. S.|last5=Rijpstra|first5=W. I. C.|last6=Rudd|first6=S.|last7=Lawson|first7=P. A.|s2cid=32574193|date=2013-06-14|title=''Thermoanaerobaculum aquaticum'' gen. nov., sp. nov., the first cultivated member of ''Acidobacteria'' subdivision 23, isolated from a hot spring|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=63|issue=Pt 11|pages=4149–4157|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.051425-0|pmid=23771620|issn=1466-5026}}</ref> It has been found that some strains of Acidobacteriota originating from soils have the genomic potential to respire oxygen at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric concentrations.<ref name=":03"/>

Members of the ''Acidobacteriota'' phylum have been considered oligotrophic bacteria due to high abundances in low organic carbon environments.<ref name=":022"/> However, the variation in this phylum may indicate that they may not have the same ecological strategy.<ref name=":022"/>