Editing Adams Morgan (section)

==History==
[[File:Treaty Oak and Oak Lawn - Washington, D.C.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Treaty Oak (Washington, D.C.)|Treaty Oak]] (left) and [[Oak Lawn (Washington, D.C.)|Oak Lawn mansion]] (right) in 1900.]]
When the District of Columbia was created in 1791, Robert Peter and Anthony Holmead, two prominent [[Colonial history of the United States|colonial-era]] landowners, held the land comprising modern-day Adams Morgan. At that time, these local tracts were north of the original planned [[District of Columbia (until 1871)|City of Washington]], and were either undeveloped or only lightly farmed. As the population of D.C. expanded, this land was divided into several estates purchased by wealthy residents, including [[Meridian Hill]], Cliffbourne, [[Holt House (Washington, D.C.)|Holt House]], [[Oak Lawn (Washington, D.C.)|Oak Lawn]], [[Henderson Castle]], a part of [[Kalorama Heights|Kalorama]], and the horse farm of [[William Thornton]].<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JByhtAEACAAJ | title=Meridian Hill: A History | first=Stephen | last=McKevitt | publisher=History Press | year=2014 | page=123| isbn=978-1-62619-572-1 }}</ref>

After the [[Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War|American Civil War]], these estates were subdivided and the area slowly grew. Once the city's overall-layout plans were finalized in the 1890s, these various subdivisions, using modern construction techniques, developed more rapidly, and the area of Adams Morgan then grew into several attractive and largely upper- and middle-class neighborhoods.

In the early 20th century, the area was home to a range of people, from the very wealthy living along 16th Street, to [[White-collar worker|white-collar]] professionals in Lanier Heights, to [[Blue-collar worker|blue-collar]] residents east of 18th Street NW.
[[File:Adams Morgan rowhouses (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|19th century [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] rowhomes.]]
After [[World War II]] and ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', [[racial desegregation]] began. When D.C. was formally desegregated, some white people [[White flight|abruptly left the area]], others stayed and worked to integrate the neighborhood, and some African American and Hispanic people moved into the area. With cheaper housing, the area also became home to some artists and social activists.

In 1948, [[Charles Lazarus]] founded [[Toys "R" Us]] in Adams Morgan.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/toys-r-us-got-its-start-in-dcs-adams-morgan-neighborhood/140168/ | title=Toys R Us Got Its Start in DC's Adams Morgan Neighborhood | first1=Mark | last1=Segraves | first2=Andrea | last2=Swalec | work=[[NBC News]] | date=March 16, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:View of Adams Morgan andKalorama.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Adams Morgan and [[Kalorama Heights|Kalorama]] in 1940.]]
In the early 1950s, before desegregation, the neighborhood was considered "ritzy."<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/tours/neighborhoods/admor.htm | title=Adams-Morgan: Swaying to a Multicultural Beat | first=Akiba | last=Solomon | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=June 16, 1997}}</ref> Pursuant to the 1954 ''[[Bolling v. Sharpe]]'' [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] ruling, district schools were desegregated in 1955. The Adams-Morgan Community Council, comprising both Adams and Morgan schools and the neighborhoods they served, formed in 1958 to implement progressively this desegregation. The boundaries of the neighborhood were drawn through four existing neighborhoods—[[Washington Heights Historic District|Washington Heights]], [[Lanier Heights]], [[Kalorama Triangle Historic District|Kalorama Triangle]], and [[Meridian Hill]]—naming the resulting area after both schools.

In 1955, [[Herbert Haft]] founded [[Dart Drug]] in Adams Morgan.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/26/magazine/dads-empire.html | title=Dad's Empire | first=Walter | last=Kirn | work=[[The New York Times Magazine]] | date=December 26, 2004 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

In the late 1960s, a group of residents worked with city officials to plan and construct the Marie H. Reed Recreation Center, an elementary school and recreational complex, named after the minister and civic leader.<ref>{{cite news | last=Stevens | first=Joann | title=A Community Center for Adams Morgan | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/03/30/a-community-center-for-adams-morgan/85c52b43-19a9-4b6e-b529-a3434ef29e60
| newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=March 30, 1978}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://dpr.dc.gov/page/marie-reed-community-center | title=Marie Reed Community Center}}</ref> In 1967, the [[Ambassador Theater (Washington, D.C.)|Ambassador Theater]] opened; it closed in 1969.

After the [[1968 Washington, D.C., riots]], [[white flight]] continued.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/all-opinions-are-local/wp/2018/04/10/the-narrative-of-d-c-s-decline-after-the-riots-ignores-the-vitality-and-vibrancy-of-the-post-1968-city/ | title=Opinion: The narrative of D.C.'s decline after the riots | first=Chris | last=Myers | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=April 10, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Unity Park - Adams Morgan (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Unity Park hosts the Adams Morgan Farmer's Market every Saturday]]
In the 1980s, Hazel Williams operated Hazel's, which featured live blues and jazz, and its [[soul food]] offerings made it a favorite of [[Dizzy Gillespie]] and [[Muhammad Ali]] when they were in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://greensboro.com/high-point-or-d-c-its-still-home-cooking/article_83fefb55-8fea-56a9-8e89-b954a6348eff.html | title=HIGH POINT OR D.C., IT'S STILL HOME COOKING | first=TOM | last=STEADMAN | work=[[News & Record]] | date=October 1, 1992}}</ref>

The [[January 20, 2005 counter-inaugural protest]] included a march through Adams Morgan.

From 2010 to 2012, the city reconstructed 18th Street NW, one of the neighborhood's main commercial corridors, with wider sidewalks, more crosswalks and bicycle arrows, resulting in a more pedestrian-friendly thoroughfare.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/going-out-gurus/post/explore-the-new-adams-morgan-with-our-neighborhood-guide/2012/07/27/gJQAYPy5DX_blog.html | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | first=Justin | last=Rude | title=Explore the new Adams Morgan with our neighborhood guide | date=July 27, 2012 | url-access=limited}}</ref> In September 2014, the [[American Planning Association]] named Adams Morgan one of the nation's "great neighborhoods," citing its intact Victorian rowhouses, murals, international diversity, and pedestrian- and cyclist-friendly streetscape.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bizjournals.com/washington/breaking_ground/2014/10/pennsylvania-avenue-is-a-great-street-indeed-and.html | title=Pennsylvania Avenue Is A 'Great Street' Indeed, and In Need | last=Neibauer | first=Michael | work=[[American City Business Journals]] | date=October 1, 2014}}</ref> In 2021, many local businesses attempted to disband the local [[business improvement district]].<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/07/16/adams-morgan-business-improvement-district/ | title=Fight over Adams Morgan nonprofit splits business community | first=Fredrick | last=Kunkle | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=July 16, 2021 | url-access=limited}}</ref> However, they were unsuccessful.<ref>{{Cite news | url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2021/09/08/adams-morgan-business-improvement-district/ | title=Adams Morgan business improvement district renewed | first=Fredrick | last=Kunkle | newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] | date=September 8, 2021 | url-access=limited}}</ref>
{{clear}}