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Adele Goldberg (computer scientist)
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==Early life and education== Goldberg was born in [[Cleveland]], [[Ohio]], on July 22, 1945. Her family relocated to [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]], when she was 11, where she spent the rest of her childhood.<ref name="interview">{{cite web |title=Oral-History:Adele Goldberg |url=https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Adele_Goldberg |website=ETHW |date=April 14, 2022 |access-date=18 December 2022}}</ref> She enjoyed [[problem solving]] and mathematics from a young age. In High School, she was in Student Council, but then realized this wasn't her area of interest. She was encouraged by her teachers to pursue mathematics.<ref name=interview/> In 1963, Goldberg decided to attend the University of Michigan. She considered Ann Arbor a big change from her Chicago lifestyle, mentioning her hardships in adapting to life separated for the first time from her twin sister. Mathematics as a degree shielded her for the social instability of the country– as President John F. Kennedy had been murdered that same year. Math and science were an opportunity for her to dedicate time into her studies and avoid social situations. She spent three years at the university, took a semester off to travel in Europe, and later returned to complete her degree.<ref>Ethw. (2022, April 14). Oral-History:Adele Goldberg - Engineering and Technology History Wiki. ETHW. https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Adele_Goldberg#Undergraduate_Career_at_U_of_Michigan</ref> In 1967, she completed her studies and earned a bachelor's degree in mathematics at the [[University of Michigan]].<ref name="chm" /> Interested in the subject of computing, Goldberg worked as an intern with [[IBM]] during the summer of her junior year of college, where she learned how to program [[Unit record equipment|unit record machines]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Adele Goldberg |url=https://www.computinghistory.org.uk/det/47368/Adele-Goldberg/ |website=Centre for Computing History |access-date=17 December 2022}}</ref> After graduating, she attended the [[University of Chicago]], where she received her master's degree (in 1969) and a PhD (in 1973) in [[information science]].<ref name=chm/> She completed her dissertation, "Computer-Assisted Instruction: The Application of Theorem-proving to Adaptive Response Analysis," while working as a research associate at [[Stanford University]].<ref name=Oakes/> She also served as a visiting researcher at Stanford.<ref name="bio"/> After completing her PhD, Goldberg briefly worked as a professor in [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil, before joining Xerox PARC in 1973 as a research scientist.<ref name=":0" /> In California, during a meeting of the [[SIGCSE|Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Computer Users in Education]] (ACM SIGCSE), Adele met John Stoch, a XEROX employee, where they talked about a potential computer designed for children's education, called [[Dynabook]].<ref>Women who changed tech - Dr. Adele Goldberg. (n.d.). Extreme Networks. https://www.extremenetworks.com/resources/blogs/women-who-changed-tech-dr-adele-goldberg</ref>
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