Editing Adelphi Theatre (section)

==History==

===19th century===
It was founded in 1806 as the '''Sans Pareil''' ("Without Compare"), by merchant John Scott, and his daughter [[Jane Scott (theatre manager)|Jane]] (1770–1839). Jane was a British theatre manager, performer, and playwright. Together, they gathered a theatrical company and by 1809 the theatre was licensed for musical entertainments, [[pantomime]], and [[Comic opera#Italian comic opera|burletta]]. She wrote more than fifty stage pieces in an array of genres: [[melodrama]]s, pantomimes, [[farce]]s, [[Comic opera|comic operettas]], historical dramas, and adaptations, as well as translations. Jane Scott retired to [[Surrey]] in 1819, marrying John Davies Middleton (1790–1867).<ref>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/59171 Bratton, Jacky: "Scott, Jane Margaret (bap. 1779, d. 1839)" (''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'') Ed. H. C. G. Matthew and Brian Harrison. Oxford: OUP, (2004)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240319051506/https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-59171 |date=19 March 2024 }}. Retrieved 24 May 2007</ref>

[[File:OldOakChest.jpg|thumb|left|Sketch of a scene from Jane Scott's 1816 play, ''The Old Oak Chest'']]On 18 October 1819, the theatre reopened under its present name, which was adopted from the [[Adelphi, London|Adelphi Buildings]] opposite.<ref name=vickie>[http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html Victorian Web – Victorian Theatres] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415043316/http://www.victorianweb.org/mt/theaters/pva234.html |date=15 April 2012 }}. Retrieved 5 March 2007</ref><ref>[http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/essays/eberlesinatra_whackham.html Editorial Note] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030643/http://www.etang.umontreal.ca/bwp1800/essays/eberlesinatra_whackham.html |date=4 March 2016 }} by Michael Eberle-Sinatra. ''British Women Playwrights around 1800'' (15 October 1998)</ref>
In its early years, the theatre was known for [[melodrama]], called ''Adelphi Screamers''.<ref name=vickie/> Many stories by [[Charles Dickens]] were also adapted for the stage here, including [[John Baldwin Buckstone]]'s ''The Christening'', a comic burletta, which opened on 13 October 1834, based on the story ''The Bloomsbury Christening''. This is notable for being thought the first Dickens adaption performed. This was the first of many of Dickens's early works adapted for the stage of the Adelphi, including ''[[The Pickwick Papers]]'' as [[William Leman Rede]]'s ''The Peregrinations of Pickwick''; or, ''Boz-i- a-na'', a three-act burletta first performed on 3 April 1837, [[Frederick Henry Yates]]'s production of ''[[The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby (play)|Nicholas Nickleby]]''; or, ''Doings at Do-The-Boys Hall'' in November and December 1838, and Edward Stirling's two-act burletta ''[[The Old Curiosity Shop]]''; or, ''One Hour from Humphrey's Clock'' (November and December 1840, January 1841).<ref name=vickie/> The theatre itself makes a cameo appearance in ''The Pickwick Papers''<ref>[[The Pickwick Papers]] by [[Charles Dickens]] (1836) Chapt. 31</ref>

The famous busker, [[Billy Waters (busker)|Billy Waters]] often performed outside the Adelphi Theatre in the years before his death in 1823.

The Adelphi came under the management of Madame Celeste and comedian [[Benjamin Nottingham Webster|Benjamin Webster]], in 1844, and Buckstone was appointed its resident dramatist. Dramatisations of Dickens continued to be performed, including ''[[A Christmas Carol; or, Past, Present, and Future]]'' opening on 5 February; and Beckett's ''The Chimes: A Goblin Story of Some Bells that rang an Old Year out and a New One In''. In 1848, ''[[The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain]]'' was performed.<ref name=vickie/>

[[File:1848 ILN The Haunted Man.jpg|thumb|230px|[[Charles Dickens]]' ''[[The Haunted Man and the Ghost's Bargain]]'' at the Adelphi, in the ''Illustrated London News'', 30 December 1848]]
The old theatre was demolished, and on 26 December 1858, ''The New Adelphi'' was opened and was considered an improvement on the cramped circumstances of the original, which had been described as a "hasty conversion from a tavern hall, permanently kept in its provisional state". The new theatre could seat 1,500 people, with standing room for another 500. The interior was lighted by a ''Stroud's Patent Sun Lamp'', a brilliant array of gas mantles passed through a chandelier of cut-glass.

In the mid-19th century, [[John Lawrence Toole]] established his comedic reputation at the Adelphi. Also in the mid-19th century, the Adelphi hosted a number of French [[operetta]]s, including ''[[La belle Hélène]]''. In 1867, however, the Adelphi gave English [[comic opera]] a boost by hosting the first public performance of [[Arthur Sullivan]]'s first opera, ''[[Cox and Box]]''.

The building was renovated in 1879 and again in 1887 when the house next door, along with The Hampshire Hog in The Strand and the [[Nell Gwynne Tavern]] in Bull Inn Court, were bought by the Gattis in order to enlarge the theatre. They also built a new enlarged facade and part of this can still be seen today above the Crystal Rooms next door to the present Adelphi Theatre.
[[File:William Terriss Plaque Adelphi.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|Plaque commemorating [[William Terriss]] beside the stage door of the Adelphi Theatre]]
An actor who performed regularly at the Adelphi in the latter half of the 19th century, [[William Terriss]], was stabbed to death during the run of 'Secret Service' on 16 December 1897 whilst entering the Theatre by the royal entrance in Maiden Lane which he used as a private entrance. This is now recorded on a plaque on the wall by the stage door. Outside a neighbouring pub, a sign says that the killer was one of the theatre's stage hands, but [[Richard Archer Prince]] committed the murder. It has been said that Terriss' ghost haunts the theatre. Terriss' daughter was [[Ellaline Terriss]], a famous actress, and her husband, actor-manager [[Seymour Hicks]] managed the Adelphi for some years at the end of the 19th century. The stage door of the current Adelphi is in Maiden Lane but back then it was in Bull Inn Court. William Terriss would later have a Theatre named after him, the Terriss Theatre in Rotherhithe, later known as the Rotherhithe Hippodrome.

The adjacent, numbers 409 and 410 Strand, were built in 1886–87 by the [[John Maria Gatti|Gatti Brothers]] as the Adelphi Restaurant. The frontage remains essentially the same, but with plate glass windows, and, like the theatre, is a [[listed building|Grade II listed building]].<ref>[https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1237038 Adelphi Theatre Restaurant – English Heritage Listing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524172045/https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1237038 |date=24 May 2023 }} . Retrieved 3 April 2007</ref>

===20th century===
[[File:Cover of the Vocal Score of Seymour Hicks' The Earl and the Girl.jpg|thumb|left|Cover of Vocal Score of Seymour Hicks' The Earl and the Girl]]
On 11 September 1901, the third theatre was opened as the ''Century Theatre'', although the name reverted in 1904 under the management of [[Otho Stuart]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britainexpress.com/London/Adelphi-Theatre.htm |title=The Adelphi Theatre, ''The London Encyclopaedia'', Pan MacMillan |access-date=3 June 2020 |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527145814/https://www.britainexpress.com/London/Adelphi-Theatre.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> This theatre was built by ''Frank Kirk'' to the design of Ernest Runtz. [[George Edwardes]], the dean of London musical theatre, took over management of the theatre from Stuart in 1908. In the early part of the 20th century, the Adelphi was home to a number of [[musical theatre|musical comedies]], the most successful of which included ''[[The Earl and the Girl]]'' (1904), ''The Dairymaids'' (1907), ''[[The Quaker Girl]]'' (1910), ''[[The Boy (musical)|The Boy]]'' (1917), ''Clowns in Clover'' (1927), and ''[[Mr. Cinders]]'' (1929).

The present Adelphi opened on 3 December 1930, redesigned in the [[Art Deco]] style by Ernest Schaufelberg. It was named the 'Royal Adelphi Theatre' and re-opened with the hit musical ''Ever Green'', by [[Lorenz Hart]] and [[Richard Rodgers]], based on the book Benn W. Levy. [[Noël Coward]]'s ''[[Words and Music (musical)|Words and Music]]'' premièred at the theatre in 1932. The operetta ''Balalaika'' (a revised version of ''[[The Gay Hussars]]'') played at the theatre in 1936, and in 1940 the theatre's name again reverted to 'The Adelphi'. The theatre continued to host comedy and musicals, including ''[[Bless The Bride]]'' (1947), ''[[Maggie May (musical)|Maggie May]]'' (1964), and ''[[A Little Night Music]]'' (1975), as well as dramas (see below for a list beginning in 1979).

A proposed redevelopment of [[Covent Garden]] by the [[Greater London Council|GLC]] in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby [[Vaudeville Theatre|Vaudeville]], [[Garrick Theatre|Garrick]], [[Lyceum Theatre, London|Lyceum]] and [[Duchess Theatre|Duchess theatre]]s. An active campaign by [[Equity (trade union)|Equity]], the [[Musicians' Union (UK)|Musicians' Union]], and theatre owners under the auspices of the ''Save London Theatres Campaign'' led to the abandonment of the scheme.<ref name=Vaud>[http://www.vaudevilletheatre.org.uk/ Vaudeville Theatre] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225032905/http://vaudevilletheatre.org.uk/ |date=25 February 2023 }}. Retrieved 28 March 2007</ref>

On 27 February 1982, the Adelphi hosted the final night of the [[D'Oyly Carte Opera Company]] for a concert performance of songs from all thirteen [[Savoy Operas]] as well as ''[[Cox and Box]]'' and ''[[Thespis (opera)|Thespis]]''. In 1993, [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s [[Really Useful Group]] purchased the theatre and completely refurbished it prior to the opening of his adaptation of ''[[Sunset Boulevard (musical)|Sunset Boulevard]]''. The 1998 video of Lloyd Webber's musical ''[[Cats (musical)|Cats]]'' was filmed at the theatre.

===21st century===
In November 1997, the London production of the popular American musical ''[[Chicago (musical)|Chicago]]'' premiered at the Adelphi, becoming the venue's longest-ever production during its eight-and-a-half-year run (which also made it the longest running American musical in West End history). In April 2006, ''Chicago'' transferred to the [[Cambridge Theatre]] (and later to the [[Garrick Theatre]], where it closed in 2012.).

[[Michael Grandage]]'s revival of [[Andrew Lloyd Webber]]'s ''[[Evita (musical)|Evita]]'' replaced the show, beginning previews on 2 June 2006 before completing a twelve-month run on 26 May 2007. [[Brian Wilson]] performed his album ''[[Pet Sounds]]'' for the last time in the UK at the Adelphi in November 2006. From 6 July 2007, the Adelphi was home to another Lloyd Webber revival, ''[[Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat]]''. The actor playing Joseph, [[Lee Mead]], was cast by winning the [[BBC]] television show ''[[Any Dream Will Do (TV series)|Any Dream Will Do]]'', and starred alongside Preeya Kalidas and Dean Collinson.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

[[File:Adelphi Theatre - 27th August 2011.JPG|thumb|The Adelphi Theatre, 27 August 2011]]
9 March 2010 saw the premiere of the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical, ''[[Love Never Dies (musical)|Love Never Dies]]'', which closed on Saturday 27 August 2011. The National Theatre transferred their show ''One Man, Two Guvnors'' to the theatre from 8 November 2011. This production moved out of the theatre on 25 February 2012, transferring to the Theatre Royal Haymarket, London.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

''Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street'' began a limited season at the Adelphi from 10 March to 22 September 2012, transferring from the Chichester Festival Theatre, starring Michael Ball and Imelda Staunton.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}

In March 2019, ''[[Waitress (musical)|Waitress]]'' opened at the Adelphi. It was set to close on 4 July 2020, but it closed on 16 March, when West End theatres shut down due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]; the producers later announced the show would not re-open.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2020/coronavirus-waitress-confirms-it-will-not-reopen-after-theatre-closures |title=Coronavirus: Waitress confirms it will not reopen after theatre closures |publisher=The Stage |last=Snow |first=Georgia |date=27 March 2020 |access-date=8 April 2020 |archive-date=15 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515093140/https://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2020/coronavirus-waitress-confirms-it-will-not-reopen-after-theatre-closures |url-status=live }}</ref>

The theatre is currently owned and managed by the Adelphi Theatre Company Limited, a partnership between Andrew Lloyd Webber's [[Really Useful Group#LW Theatres|LW Theatres]]<ref>Dennys, Harriet. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10718055/Lord-Lloyd-Webber-splits-theatre-group-to-expand-on-a-global-stage.html "Lord Lloyd-Webber splits theatre group to expand on a global stage"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007094622/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10718055/Lord-Lloyd-Webber-splits-theatre-group-to-expand-on-a-global-stage.html |date=7 October 2014 }}, ''The Telegraph'', 24 March 2014, accessed 3 October 2014</ref> and [[Nederlander Organization|Nederlander International]].{{citation needed|date=August 2012}}