Editing Adolph Zukor (section)

==Early life==
Zukor was born to an [[Ashkenazi Jewish]] family in [[Ricse]], in the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in January 1873,<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Jr |first=William Wellman |title=Wild Bill Wellman: Hollywood Rebel |publisher=Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-101-87028-0 |language=en}}</ref> which was then a part of the [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] Empire. His father, Jacob, who operated a general store, died when he was a toddler, while his mother, Hannah Liebermann, died when he was 7 years old. Adolph and his brother Arthur moved in with Kalman Liebermann, their uncle. Liebermann, a [[rabbi]], expected his nephews to become rabbis, but instead Adolph served a three-year apprenticeship in the dry goods store of family friends. When he was 16, he decided to emigrate to the United States.<ref name="nytimes-onthisday"/><ref name="nytimes-103"/> He sailed from [[Hamburg]] on the s/s Rugia on March 1<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/hamburgpl_full/?name=Adolf_Zucker&birth=1873&birth_x=0-0-0&departure=1891-3-1&departure_x=0-0-0&name_x=1_1|title=Ancestry. Com|last=Passenger list|website=[[Ancestry.com]]}}</ref> and arrived in New York City under the name '''Adolf Zuckery''' on March 16, 1891.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ancestry.com/search/categories/40/?name=Adolf_Zuckery&birth=1873&arrival=1891-3_new+york+city-new+york-usa_1652382&arrival_x=_1-0&birth_x=0&name_x=1_1|title=Ancestry.com|last=1891 passenger list|website=[[Ancestry.com]]}}</ref> Like most immigrants, he began modestly. After landing in New York City, he began working in an [[upholstery]] shop. A friend then got him a job as an apprentice at a [[furrier]].

Zukor stayed in New York City for two years. When he left to become a "contract" worker, sewing fur pieces and selling them himself, he was 20 years old and an accomplished designer. He was young and adventuresome, and the 1893 [[Columbian Exposition]] in [[Chicago]] drew him to the Midwest. There he started a fur business. In the second season of operation, Zukor's Novelty Fur Company expanded to 25 men and opened a branch.<ref name="gabler">{{cite book|last=Gabler|first=Neal|title=An empire of their own: how the Jews invented Hollywood|year=1988|publisher=Crown Publishers|location=New York|isbn=0-517-56808-X|page=[https://archive.org/details/empireoftheirown00gabl/page/16 16]|edition=1st|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/empireoftheirown00gabl/page/16}}</ref>

Historian [[Neal Gabler]] wrote, "one of the stubborn fallacies of movie history is that the men who created the film industry were all impoverished young vulgarians..." Zukor clearly didn't fit this profile. By 1903, he already looked and lived like a wealthy young [[Bourgeoisie|burgher]], and he certainly earned the income of one. He had a commodious apartment at 111th Street and Seventh Avenue in [[New York City]]'s wealthy German-Jewish section".<ref name="gabler"/>

In 1918, he moved to [[New City, New York|New City, Rockland County, New York]], where he purchased 300 acres of land from [[Lawrence Abraham]], heir to the A&S Department Stores. Abraham had already built a sizable house, a nine-hole golf course and a swimming pool on this property. Two years later, Zukor bought an additional 500 acres, built a night house, guest house, movie theater,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adolph Zukor's Estate, New City |url=https://nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/hsrc/id/411/ |access-date=2025-03-20 |website=nyheritage.contentdm.oclc.org |language=en}}</ref> locker room, greenhouses, garages and staff quarters, and hired golf architect [[A.W. Tillinghast]] to build an 18-hole championship golf course. Today, Zukor's estate is the private [[Paramount Country Club]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Trager|first=James|title=The people's chronology: a year-by-year record of human events from prehistory to the present|url=https://archive.org/details/mes00jame|url-access=registration|year=1979|publisher=Holt, Rinehart and Winston|location=Austin, Texas, United States|page=[https://archive.org/details/mes00jame/page/823 823]|isbn=9780030178115}}</ref>