Editing Advanced Mobile Phone System (section)

== History ==
{{main|History of mobile phones}}
{{external media
| float  = right
| video1 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d6X_1PcR_gs Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)] (YouTube: AT&T Archives) 1978 Bell Labs film explaining the technology behind AMPS.
}}
The first cellular network efforts began at [[Bell Labs]] and with research conducted at [[Motorola]].
In 1960, [[John Francis Mitchell|John F. Mitchell]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brophy.net/PivotX/?p=john-francis-mitchell-biography |title=John F. Mitchell Biography |publisher=Brophy.net |date=August 7, 2012 |access-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.historyofthecellphone.com/people/john-mitchell.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117052435/http://www.historyofthecellphone.com/people/john-mitchell.php |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |title=The Top Giants in Telephony |publisher=Historyofthecellphone.com |date=June 11, 2009 |access-date=September 28, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brophy.net/PivotX/?p=john-francis-mitchell-biography#CELLPHONEINVENTOR |title=Who invented the cell phone? |publisher=Brophy.net |date=August 7, 2012 |access-date=September 28, 2013}}</ref>
became Motorola's chief engineer for its mobile-communication products, and oversaw the development and marketing of the first [[pager]] to use transistors.

Motorola had long produced [[Radiotelephone|mobile telephone]]s for automobiles, but these large and heavy models consumed too much power to allow their use without the automobile's engine running. Mitchell's team, which included [[Martin Cooper (inventor)|Dr. Martin Cooper]], developed portable cellular telephony. Cooper and Mitchell were among the Motorola employees granted a patent for this work in 1973.  The first call on the prototype connected, reportedly, to a wrong number.<ref>
Motorola Executive Helped Spur Cellular Revolution, Oversaw Ill-fated Iridium Project, ''The Wall Street Journal'', Remembrances, June 20–21, 2009, p. A10
</ref><ref>
{{cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2009/06/17/john-f-mitchell-1928-2009/ |title=John F. Mitchell, 1928–2009: Was president of Motorola from 1980 to '95 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |first=Clare |last=Lane |date=June 17, 2009 |access-date=December 5, 2011}}
</ref>

While Motorola was developing a cellular phone, from 1968 to 1983 Bell Labs worked out a system called Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), which became the first cellular network standard in the United States.  The Bell system deployed ASTM in Chicago, Illinois, first as an equipment test serving approximately 100 units in 1978, and subsequently as a service test planned for 2,000 billed units.<ref>{{ Citation | last = Huff | first = D. L. | date = January 1979 | title = Advanced Mobile Phone Service: The Developmental System | journal = Bell System Technical Journal | volume = 58 | issue = 1  | pages = 249-269 | url = https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1979.tb02218.x | accessdate = 13 Nov 2024 }} </ref>  Motorola and others designed and built the cellular phones for this and other cellular systems. Louis M. Weinberg, a marketing director at AT&T, was named the first president of the AMPS corporation. He served in this position during the startup of the AMPS subsidiary of AT&T.

[[Martin Cooper (inventor)|Martin Cooper]], a former general manager for the systems division at Motorola, led a team that produced the first cellular handset in 1973 and made the first phone call from it. In 1983 Motorola introduced the [[Motorola DynaTAC|DynaTAC 8000x]], the first commercially available cellular phone small enough to be easily carried. He later introduced the so-called [[Motorola Bag Phone|Bag Phone]].

In 1992, the first [[smartphone]], called [[IBM Simon]], used AMPS.  [[Frank J. Canova|Frank Canova]] led its design at [[IBM]] and it was demonstrated that year at the [[COMDEX]] computer-industry trade-show.  A refined version of the product was marketed to consumers in 1994 by [[BellSouth]] under the name [[IBM Simon|Simon Personal Communicator]].  The Simon was the first device that can be properly referred to as a "smartphone", even though that term was not yet coined.<ref name=bus_week_2012>{{cite web |url=http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-29/before-iphone-and-android-came-simon-the-first-smartphone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701034025/http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-06-29/before-iphone-and-android-came-simon-the-first-smartphone |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 1, 2012 |title=Before IPhone and Android Came Simon, the First Smartphone |last=Sager |first=Ira |date=June 29, 2012 |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |publisher=Bloomberg L.P |access-date=June 30, 2012 |quote=Simon was the first smartphone. Twenty years ago, it envisioned our app-happy mobile lives, squeezing the features of a cell phone, pager, fax machine, and computer into an 18-ounce black brick.}}</ref><ref name=schneidawind>{{cite news |last=Schneidawind |first=John |title=Poindexter putting finger on PC bugs; Big Blue unveiling |date=November 23, 1992 |newspaper=USA Today |page=2B}}</ref>