Editing Advanced chess (section)

==History==
The concept was already common in the 1970s: "An interesting possibility which arises from the 'brute force' capabilities of contemporary chess programs is the introduction of a new brand of 'consultation chess' where the partnership is between man and machine."<ref>{{cite book|last=Michie|first=Donald|title=Programmer's gambit|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c-Pp2pmz328C&q=new%20scientist%20chess&pg=PA332|publisher=[[New Scientist]]|accessdate=22 September 2013|authorlink=Donald Michie|pages=329–332|date=1972-08-17}}</ref> The concept of computer-assisted chess tournaments originated in [[science fiction]], notably in ''[[The Peace War]]'' written by [[Vernor Vinge]] in 1984.

[[File:Deep Blue.jpg|thumb|Deep Blue]] The former world champion [[International Grandmaster|grandmaster]] [[Garry Kasparov]], who retired from competitive chess in 2005, has a long history in playing "Man vs. Machine" events. Among the most important are [[Deep Blue versus Garry Kasparov|his matches]] against [[IBM]]'s computer [[Deep Blue (chess computer)|Deep Blue]], which Kasparov defeated in February 1996, scoring 4–2 in a 6-game match, and lost to, {{frac|3|1|2}}–{{frac|2|1|2}}, in a May 1997 rematch. This 1997 match was famous, as it was the first time in the history of chess in which a [[World Chess Championship|world champion]] had been defeated by a computer. After this spectacular match, and many other matches against computers, Garry Kasparov had the idea to invent a new form of chess in which humans and computers [[co-operation|co-operate]], instead of [[competition|contending]] with each other. Kasparov named this form of chess "advanced chess".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Garry Kasparov and the game of artificial intelligence |url=https://theworld.org/stories/2018-01-05/garry-kasparov-and-game-artificial-intelligence |access-date=2024-02-12 |website=The World from PRX |language=en |quote="Kasparov has become even more involved in artificial intelligence over the years. He came up with a concept he calls 'advanced chess,' where a human and a computer team up to play against another human and computer. Kasparov says this situation is mutually beneficial: The human player has access to the computer’s ability to calculate moves, while the computer benefits from human intuition."}}</ref>

The first advanced chess event was held in June 1998 in [[León, León|León, Spain]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=1998-10-25 |title=DOES COMPUTER HAVE A FUTURE IN CHESS? |url=https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1998/10/25/does-computer-have-a-future-in-chess/ |access-date=2024-01-30 |website=Sun Sentinel |language=en-US |quote="The first computer-assisted match was tried last June in Leon, Spain, between Kasparov and Veselin Topalov, who had an hour apiece for the whole game." "Both players consulted the database program ChessBase 7.0 and Fritz 5."}}</ref> It was played between Garry Kasparov and [[Veselin Topalov]], who both used [[Fritz (chess)|Fritz 5]] and [[ChessBase|ChessBase 7.0]].<ref name=":0" /> It was a 6-game match, and it was arranged in advance that the players would consult the built-in million games [[database]]s only for the 3rd and 4th game, and would only use analytical engines without consulting the databases for the remaining games. The time available to each player during the games was 60 minutes. The match ended in a 3–3 tie.<ref>[http://www.chessbase.com/events/events.asp?pid=68 ChessBase] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050209204323/http://www.chessbase.com/events/events.asp?pid=68 |date=February 9, 2005 }}</ref> After the match, Kasparov said:<ref name=":0" />

{{blockquote|My prediction seems to be true that in Advanced Chess it's all over once someone gets a won position. This experiment was exciting and helped spectators understand what's going on. It was quite enjoyable and will take a very big and prestigious place in the history of chess.}}

Even in the following years advanced-chess events were held in León. The Indian grandmaster [[Viswanathan Anand]] won three consecutive tournaments in 1999, 2000 and 2001, before losing the title to [[Vladimir Kramnik]] in 2002.<ref>[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chesscollection?cid=1017919 advanced-chess matches on Chessgames.com]</ref> After the loss to Kramnik, Anand said:{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

{{blockquote|I think in general people tend to overestimate the importance of the computer in the competitions. You can do a lot of things with the computer but you still have to play good chess. I more or less managed to do so except for this third game. In such a short match, against a very solid and hard to beat opponent, this turned out to be too much but I don’t really feel like that the computer alone can change the objective true to the position.}}