Editing Air Defense Anti-Tank System (section)

== History ==

The ADATS was trialed or proposed on a variety of different platforms to suit the needs of the user for the defense of mobile field formations or fixed sites such as airfields.  Besides the M113A2 tracked vehicle chosen by Canada, the ADATS was also installed on the M2 Bradley chassis for the US Army and the Swiss [[MOWAG Shark]] 8x8 vehicle, and proposed for the British [[Warrior tracked armoured vehicle|Warrior MICV]] chassis.  A shelter-mounted version either with on-mount radar for autonomous use, or without radar for coordination with a central fire control center could be mounted on a 4x4 or 6x6 military truck or installed in fixed locations.  This version was purchased by Thailand.  A version mounted on the four-wheel trailer used for the Oerlikon Contraves Skyguard fire control system and without radar, probably intended for integration with Skyguard and [[Oerlikon GDF]] 35 mm guns, was also proposed.

There was also a proposed naval version called "Sea Sprint", using the standard eight-missile turret without the radar, proposed for the close-in anti-air and anti-missile self-defense role.

Oerlikon also suggested a dedicated anti-tank system without the radar, including a version mounted on a long articulating arm that could be elevated high above the vehicle to clear trees or terrain while the launch vehicle remained hidden.

=== Canada ===

The ADATS entered service with the [[Canadian Forces Land Force Command|Canadian Army]] (in 1989<ref>https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/adats.htm www.fas.org (as of 9 July 2013)</ref>) as a mobile, M113-based system.

The first systems were deployed as part of Canada's [[NATO]] contribution in West-Germany. Thirty-six systems were delivered by 1994.<ref name=Armytechadats /> The cost of the system was initially $650 million.  Over the life of the project, total cost reached $1.1 billion.<ref name=DevoirMilliard />

After their return from Germany, Canadian ADATS systems were only operationally deployed once: In June 2002, they were used to defend the airspace of the [[28th G8 summit|G8 summit held in Kananaskis, Alberta]]. Canadian ADATS were never operationally deployed in [[Bosnian War#UNPROFOR and NATO|Bosnia]] or [[International Security Assistance Force|Afghanistan]].<ref name=DevoirMilliard>{{cite news|last1=Castonguay|first1=Alec|title=Défense: un milliard jeté à l'eau|url=https://www.ledevoir.com/politique/canada/271713/defense-un-milliard-jete-a-l-eau|access-date=10 June 2015|work=Le Devoir|date=5 October 2009|language=fr}}</ref>
As of 31 March 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rheinmetall.ca/en/rheinmetall_canada/company_1/history/history.php |title = Rheinmetall Canada - History}}</ref> the ADATS has been withdrawn from Canadian service with no planned replacement announced.<ref name=DevoirMilliard /><ref name=FOBADATS>{{cite web|last1=Lert |first1=Frédéric |title=ADATS : une fin sans gloire… |url=http://forcesoperations.com/2012/04/18/adats-fin-sans-gloire/ |website=Forces Operations Blog |publisher=Forces Operations Blog |access-date=9 June 2015 |language=fr |date=18 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610174839/http://forcesoperations.com/2012/04/18/adats-fin-sans-gloire/ |archive-date=10 June 2015 }}</ref>

Canadian acquisition of the ADATS system was marred by a scandal relating to the purchase of the land where assembly of the system was to take place. The property had been bought and sold several times over a short period of time and its price inflated before it was sold to Oerlikon. It led to the resignation of Minister of State for Transport [[André Bissonnette]] who had been directly involved in the land deal, and several criminal accusations.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burns|first1=John F.|title=SCANDAL IMPERILS MULRONEY'S HOLD|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/25/world/scandal-imperils-mulroney-s-hold.html|work=The New York Times|date=25 January 1987}}</ref>

=== US Army evaluation ===
[[File:ADATS fording.jpg|thumb|Evaluation in 1987 on a Bradley chassis, with a 25 mm [[autocannon]]]]
The ADATS cropped up from an extensive competition during which it was selected by the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] for the forward area air-defense (FAAD)<ref>[https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/chaparral.htm MIM-72 / M48 Chaparral Forward Area Air-Defense System [FAADS<nowiki>]</nowiki>], Federation of American Scientists Web site. Accessed 2 January 2007.</ref> program under the designation ''MIM-146'' for the missile. The US Army planned to purchase 387 systems.<ref name=DevoirMilliard /> Test results indicated that the system did not perform well in inclement weather. Ultimately the FAAD contract was cancelled in the early 1990s after the end of the Cold War.

=== Thailand ===

The [[Royal Thai Air Force]] acquired one static shelter-based system from Oerlikon Canada, linked to a [[Oerlikon GDF#Skyguard|Skyguard]] fire control system.<ref name=Armytechadats>{{cite web|title=ADATS Short Range Air Defence System, Canada|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/adats/|website=www.army-technology.com|publisher=Kable Intelligence Limited.|access-date=9 June 2015}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Skaarup |first=Harold |title=Ironsides: Canadian Armoured Fighting Vehicle Museums and Monuments |publisher=iUniverse |year=2011 |isbn=9781462034659 |pages=231}}</ref>

=== Greece ===

In the late 1990s, Canada offered their surplus ADATS systems to the [[Military of Greece|Greek military]] as part of a low-level air defense program.<ref name=PloughsharesGreece>{{cite web|last1=Epps|first1=Kenneth|title=Spotlight on Canadian Military Exports: Canadian ADATS Offered to Greece|url=http://ploughshares.ca/pl_publications/spotlight-on-canadian-military-exports-canadian-adats-offered-to-greece/|website=ploughshares.ca/|publisher=Project Ploughshares|access-date=9 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322141229/http://ploughshares.ca/pl_publications/spotlight-on-canadian-military-exports-canadian-adats-offered-to-greece/|archive-date=22 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The offer was considered but not accepted. Greece eventually purchased the Russian [[Tor missile system]].

=== Modernization program ===
{{Main|Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle}}

In September 2005, the [[Government of Canada|Canadian government]] and the [[Canadian Forces]] announced a modernization program, transforming the ADATS and associated command, control and communications systems into a ''multi-mission effects vehicle'' (MMEV). The MMEV was to retain and enhance ADATS anti-aircraft and anti-armor capability (85% or better engagement success rate) to meet new threats, provide [[indirect fire]] support to ground troops, and would be mounted on an [[LAV III]] wheeled armoured vehicle.
[[File:Multi-Mission Effects Vehicle.jpg|thumbnail|CGI rendition of a multi-mission effects vehicle]]
It was to be fitted with a [[3D radar]], non-line-of-sight missile (using [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s (UAVs) to gather required intelligence and target location at a range of 8&nbsp;km or more) and low-cost precision kill (LCPK) missile (fireable on direct shot at a >8&nbsp;km range), based on a 2.75-inch rocket and advanced battle management command and control communication computer and information (BMC41), including [[TADIL-A|link 11]]/[[Link 16|16]], to provide [[ISTAR|intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition, and reconnaissance]] (ISTAR).
In July 2006, Canadian Forces land staff recommended the cancellation of the MMEV project.<ref name="houseofcommons">{{Cite web|url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2735080&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1|title=39th PARLIAMENT, 1st SESSION – Standing Committee on National Defence|date=22 February 2007|publisher=Canadian Parliament|access-date=22 July 2009|archive-date=13 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613030847/http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?DocId=2735080&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1|url-status=dead}}</ref> The program was cancelled in November 2006.

The ADATS was withdrawn from Canadian service in 2012.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://rusi-ns.ca/air-defence/ | title=We Have No Air Defence for Our Army – Why? | date=24 January 2022 }}</ref>