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Akula-class submarine
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==Design== [[File:AkulaSchema2.svg|thumb|left|Descriptions of the ''Akula''-class SSN]] The ''Akula'' incorporates a double hull system composed of an inner pressure hull and an outer "light" hull. This allows more freedom in the design of the exterior hull shape, resulting in a submarine with more reserve [[buoyancy]] than its western analogs. The distinctive "bulb" or "can" located on top of the Akula's [[rudder]] houses its [[towed sonar array]] when retracted. Most ''Akulas'' have the wake detection system ({{langx|ru|Система обнаружения кильватерного следа}}) ([[SOKS]]) hydrodynamic [[sensor]]s, which detect changes in temperature and [[salinity]]. They are located on the leading edge of the sail, on the outer hull casing in front of the sail and on the bottom of the hull forward of the sail.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a28724/submarine-sonar-soks/ |title=How the Soviet Union Snooped Waters for Enemy Subs — Without Sonar |first=David |last=Hambling |date=23 October 2017 |website=[[Popular Mechanics]] |access-date=2019-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511213047/https://www.popularmechanics.com/military/navy-ships/a28724/submarine-sonar-soks/ |archive-date=2019-05-11 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/27913/royal-navy-sub-appears-in-gibraltar-equipped-with-a-wake-detection-system |title=Royal Navy Sub Appears In Gibraltar Equipped With A Wake Detection System |first=Joseph |last=Trevithick |date=8 May 2019 |website=The Drive |access-date=2019-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511213028/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/27913/royal-navy-sub-appears-in-gibraltar-equipped-with-a-wake-detection-system |archive-date=2019-05-11 |url-status=live}}</ref> ''Akulas'' (excluding ''Nerpa'') are armed with four 533 mm [[torpedo tubes]] which can use [[Type 53 torpedo]]es or the [[RPK-2 Viyuga|RPK-2]], [[RPK-6 Vodopad/RPK-7 Veter|RPK-6]] missile, and four 650 mm torpedo tubes which can use [[Type 65 torpedo]]es or the RPK-7 missile. These torpedo tubes are arranged in two rows of four tubes each. The external tubes are mounted outside the pressure hull in one row, above the torpedo tubes, and can only be reloaded in port or with the assistance of a submarine tender. The 650 mm tubes can be fitted with liners to use the 533 mm weaponry. The submarine is also able to use its torpedo tubes to deploy [[naval mines]].
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