Editing Alan Shorter (section)

==Biography==
Shorter was born in the [[Ironbound]] District in [[Newark, New Jersey]]. He started on [[alto saxophone]], but switched to [[trumpet]] after graduating from high school. He attended [[Howard University]] but soon rebelled against the ultra-conservative atmosphere and dropped out. He later graduated from [[New York University]].

He played his first professional gigs with a local [[bebop]] [[big band]] called the Jackie Bland Band (other members included his brother Wayne, trombonist [[Grachan Moncur III]], and pianist [[Walter Davis, Jr.]]). He was very much a bebop player in his early years, but soon gravitated towards [[free jazz]], and with the exception of six months he spent in a [[US Army]] Band, continued to play in that style for the rest of his career.

Shorter recorded two albums as a leader: ''[[Orgasm (Alan Shorter album)|Orgasm]]'' (1968) and ''[[Tes Esat]]'' (1971). Both were out of print for many years until re-issued by [[Verve Records]] in 2004 and 2005, respectively. He also recorded five albums with saxophonist [[Archie Shepp]] (1964–1970), including the classic ''[[Four for Trane]]'' (1964), two albums with [[Marion Brown]] (1965–1966), one album with [[Alan Silva]] (1970), and made an appearance on one of his brother's albums (''[[The All Seeing Eye]]'' [1965]).  Several of these albums feature his unusual compositions, his most famous being "Mephistopheles".

In the mid-1960s, Shorter moved to Europe, leading his own [[avant-garde]] gigs in [[Geneva]] and [[Paris]]. His style of [[free jazz]] sometimes proved to be too far-out for European audiences (his brother remembered that Shorter's gigs in Europe would often end with him responding to the crowd's boos by yelling, "You're not ready for me yet!"), but he generally found European audiences more receptive than those in the U.S. Eventually, he returned to the United States, where he taught briefly at [[Bennington College]] but otherwise faded into obscurity. He died of a ruptured [[aorta]] in [[Los Angeles, California]] in 1988, at age 55, shortly after becoming engaged to Ruth Ann Hancock, a cousin of [[Herbie Hancock]].

Shorter's playing is comparable to that of [[Don Cherry (jazz)|Don Cherry]], but with a more aggressive, anarchic bent. His own albums feature his groups functioning as a unit, rather than focusing on his own singular virtuosity.  Reportedly, Shorter's musical style was akin to his personality: deep and intellectual, thought sometimes intentionally strange (his childhood nickname was "Doc Strange").