Editing Alice Hamilton (section)

==Early life and family==
Hamilton, the second child of Montgomery Hamilton (1843–1909) and Gertrude (née Pond) Hamilton (1840–1917), was born on February 27, 1869, in [[Manhattan]], New York City, New York.<ref name=NLibMed>{{cite web|title=Dr. Alice Hamilton|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_137.html|website=Changing the face of medicine|publisher=National Library of Medicine|access-date=October 15, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018130822/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_137.html|archive-date=October 18, 2015}}</ref> She spent a sheltered childhood among an extended family in [[Fort Wayne, Indiana]], where her grandfather, [[Allen Hamilton]], an Irish immigrant, had settled in 1823. He married Emerine Holman, the daughter of [[Indiana Supreme Court]] Justice [[Jesse Lynch Holman]], in 1828 and became a successful Fort Wayne businessman and a land speculator. Much of the city of Fort Wayne was built on land that he once owned. Alice grew up on the Hamilton family's large estate that encompassed a three-block area of downtown Fort Wayne.<ref>The family compound included three homes: her grandparents' homestead, called Old House; Red House, the home of her uncle, Andrew Holman Hamilton, and his family; and White House, where Alice and her family lived. See {{cite journal| first=Catherine E. Forrest |last=Weber | title =Alice Hamilton, M.D.: Crusader Against Death on the Job | journal =Traces of Indiana and Midwestern History | volume =7 | issue =4 | pages =31 | publisher =Indiana Historical Society | location =Indianapolis | date =Fall 1995}}</ref><ref name=Landmark>{{cite web|title=Alice Hamilton and the Development of Occupational Medicine National Historic Chemical Landmark|url=http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/alicehamilton.html|website=ACS Chemistry for Life|access-date=October 16, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017085209/http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/alicehamilton.html|archive-date=October 17, 2015}}</ref><ref>Sicherman, ''Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters'', pp. 13–15.</ref> The Hamilton family also spent many summers at [[Mackinac Island, Michigan]]. For the most part, the second and third generations of the extended Hamilton family, which included Alice's family, as well as her uncles, aunts, and cousins, lived on inherited wealth.<ref>Sicherman, ''Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters'', pp. 14, 25.</ref>

Montgomery Hamilton, Alice's father, attended [[Princeton University]] and [[Harvard Law School]]. He also studied in Germany, where he met Gertrude Pond, the daughter of a wealthy sugar importer. They were married in 1866.<ref name=Weber31>Weber, p. 31.</ref><ref>Sicherman, ''Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters'', pp. 15, 17.</ref> Alice's father became a partner in a wholesale grocery business in Fort Wayne, but the partnership dissolved in 1885 and he withdrew from public life. Although the business failure caused a financial loss for the family, Alice's outspoken mother, Gertrude, remained socially active in the Fort Wayne community.<ref name=Weber31/><ref>Sicherman, ''Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters'', p. 18.</ref><ref name=NAW303>{{cite book | first1 =Barbara | last1 =Sicherman | first2 =Carol Hurd | last2 =Green | title =Notable American Women: The Modern Period, A Biographical Dictionary | publisher =Belknap Press of Harvard University | year =1980 | location =Cambridge, Massachusetts | pages =[https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich/page/303 303] | url =https://archive.org/details/notableamericanw00sich/page/303 | isbn =9780674627321 }}</ref>

[[File:Hamilton Sisters.jpg|thumb|The Hamilton sisters: Edith, Alice, Margaret, and Norah|alt=|left]]Alice was the second eldest of five siblings that included three sisters (Edith, Margaret, and Norah) and a brother (Arthur "Quint"), all of whom were accomplished in their respective fields. The girls remained especially close throughout their childhood and into their professional careers.<ref name=Landmark/> [[Edith Hamilton|Edith]] (1867–1963), an educator and headmistress at [[Bryn Mawr School]] in [[Baltimore]], became a classicist and renowned author for her essays and best-selling books on ancient Greek and Roman civilizations. [[Margaret Hamilton (educator)|Margaret]] (1871–1969), like her older sister Edith, became an educator and headmistress at Bryn Mawr School. [[Norah Hamilton|Norah]] (1873–1945) was an artist, living and working at [[Hull House]]. [[Arthur Hamilton (educator)|Arthur]] (1886–1967), the youngest Hamilton sibling, became a writer, professor of Spanish, and assistant dean for foreign students at the [[University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign]]. Arthur was the only sibling to marry; he and his wife, Mary (Neal) Hamilton, had no children.<ref>Sicherman, ''Alice Hamilton, A Life in Letters'', pp. 11–13.</ref>