Editing Alice Paul (section)

==Early life and education==
[[File:AlicePaulHelenGardener.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Paul and Helen Gardener, c. 1908–1915]]
Alice Stokes Paul was born on January 11, 1885, to William Mickle Paul I and Tacie ''Parry'' Paul at [[Paulsdale]] in [[Mount Laurel Township, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alice Paul|url=https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/alice-paul|website=National Women's History Museum|access-date=January 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>Kahn, Eve M. [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/07/13/garden/group-seeks-to-buy-a-suffragist-s-home.html "Group Seeks to Buy a Suffragist's Home"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', July 13, 1989. Accessed July 12, 2008. "The Alice Paul Centennial Foundation plans to buy the house in Mount Laurel, but first the organization must raise $500,000 by Sept. 8.... The 2½-story, stucco-clad brick farmhouse was built in 1840 and once overlooked the Paul family's 173-acre Burlington County farm, east of Camden. Miss Paul was born in an upstairs bedroom in 1885 and lived in the house until she left for Swarthmore College in 1901."</ref> She was a namesake of Alice Stokes, her maternal grandmother and the wife of William Parry. Her siblings were Willam Mickle Paul II, Helen ''Paul'' Shearer, and Parry Haines Paul. She grew up in the Quaker tradition of public service; Alice Paul first learned about women's suffrage from her mother, a member of the [[National American Woman Suffrage Association]] (NAWSA), and would sometimes join her mother in attending suffragist meetings.<ref name=Institute>{{cite web|title=Who Was Alice Paul|url=https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/|publisher=Alice Paul Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909083624/https://www.alicepaul.org/who-was-alice-paul/|archive-date=September 9, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Paul attended [[Moorestown Friends School]], where she graduated at the top of her class.<ref name=Education>{{cite web|url=https://www.socialwelfarehistory.com/people/paul-alice-stokes/|title=Paul, Alice Stokes|date=January 21, 2011|publisher=Social Welfare History Project}}</ref> In 1901, she entered [[Swarthmore College]], which had been co-founded in 1864 by her grandfather and other [[Hicksite]] Friends. While at Swarthmore, Paul served on the executive board of Student Government, an experience which may have sparked her excitement for political activism. She graduated from Swarthmore with a bachelor's degree in biology in 1905.<ref name=Institute />

After graduation, partly to avoid going into teaching, Paul pursued a fellowship year in [[New York City]], living on the [[Lower East Side]] at the [[Rivington Street Settlement|Rivington Street Settlement House]].<ref name="Image3">{{cite web |title=Image 3 of Official program woman suffrage procession. Washington, D.C. March 3, 1913. |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbpe.20801600/?sp=3&st=text |website=Library of Congress|access-date=April 21, 2022}}</ref> Working in the [[settlement movement]] reinforced her determination to right perceived injustices in America, but Paul soon realized that [[social work]] was not the way she was to achieve this goal: "I knew in a very short time I was never going to be a social worker, because I could see that social workers were not doing much good in the world{{nbsp}}... you couldn't change the situation by social work."<ref>Alice Paul in oral history compiled by Amelia Fry, [https://www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt6f59n89c/?brand=oac4 Online Archive of California], quoted in {{harvp|Adams|Keene|2008|p=7}}.</ref>

In 1907, after completing coursework in political science, sociology, and economics, Paul earned a Master of Arts degree from the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=Institute /><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Alice Paul and the American Suffrage Campaign|last1=Adams|first1=Katherine|last2=Keene|first2=Michael|publisher=University of Illinois Press|year=2008 |isbn=978-0-252-07471-4|location=Urbana-Champaign}}</ref> She continued her studies at the [[Woodbrooke Quaker Study Centre]] in [[Birmingham]], England. Paul also took economics classes from the [[University of Birmingham]] while continuing to earn money doing social work. It was at Birmingham that she first heard [[Christabel Pankhurst]] speak. When Paul later moved to London to study sociology and economics at the [[London School of Economics]], she joined the militant suffrage group the [[Women's Social and Political Union]] (WSPU) led by Christabel and her mother, [[Emmeline Pankhurst]]. Paul was arrested repeatedly in London during suffrage demonstrations and served three jail terms. After returning from England in 1910, she attended the University of Pennsylvania, earning a Ph.D. in sociology. Her dissertation was entitled "The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania"; it addressed the history of the women's movement in [[Pennsylvania]] and the rest of the U.S. and urged woman suffrage as the key issue of the day.<ref name="Adams">{{harvp|Adams|Keene|2008|pp=12–14}}</ref>

After the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, Paul enrolled at two law schools, taking day and evening classes to finish more quickly.<ref name=":14" /> In 1922, Paul received her LL.B degree from the [[Washington College of Law]] at [[American University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wcl.american.edu/history/alicepaul.cfm |title=Honoring Alice Paul |publisher=[[Washington College of Law]] |access-date=September 3, 2010}}</ref> In 1927, she earned a [[master of laws]] degree, and in 1928, a doctorate in civil law from American University.<ref name=Lakewood>{{cite news|title=Alice Paul Biography |work=Lakewood Public Library: Women in History |url=https://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm |access-date=May 1, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619192543/https://www.lkwdpl.org/wihohio/paul-ali.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2006}}</ref>