Editing Alla Rakha (section)

==Personal life and education==
Allah Rakha Qureshi<ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-30 |title=Lesser known facts about Ustad Allah Rakha |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-ustad-allah-rakha/photostory/34414234.cms |access-date=2024-12-16 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> was born on 29 April 1919 in [[Ghagwal]] village in the [[Jammu (province)|Jammu Province]] of the princely kingdom of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]] under [[British Raj]]; today located in the [[Samba District]] of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)|union territory of the same name]] in India. His mother tongue was [[Dogri language|Dogri]] and his family were [[Muslim Dogra]]s, although most of the Dogra clan around them were Hindus.<ref name="ar"/> Growing up on a farm, Ustad Alla Rakha was always in awe of music, praising the travelling musicians he would occasionally have the opportunity to witness. His father, at that time, looked down upon singing or learning to play a musical instrument as a profession for his boy, due to his family's origins as [[Dogras]] of Jammu.<ref name=EB/><ref name="ar"/><ref name=NYT/>

At the age of 12, Ustad Alla Rakha ran away from home to stay with his uncle in the nearby [[Gurdaspur]] city to pursue his passion for music.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2dE8RM-ysQ&list=FL9PcXrT5iTyDSreYOQ5962Q&index=1 Alla Rakha's performance on tabla on YouTube] Retrirved 18 October 2020</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2014-04-30|title=Lesser known facts about Ustad Allah Rakha|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/photo-features/lesser-known-facts-about-ustad-allah-rakha/photostory/34414234.cms|access-date=2021-02-02|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> Finding little chances for grooming and appreciation, the determined young lad began his training in tabla with Mian Kader Baksh of the [[Punjab gharana]] of tabla players. Mian Kadir Bakhsh, who had no sons, formally adopted Alla Rakha and called him the next head of the [[Punjab gharana]] of tabla players (a 'gharana' is a community of musicians sharing a distinctive musical style).<ref name=EB/><ref name="NYT" /><ref name="ar" /><ref name="GoogleDoodle" />

Alla Rakha also took vocal training in classical music and ''[[Indian musical scale|Raag Vidya]]'' under Ustad Ashiq Ali Khan of the [[Patiala gharana]]. His regimen of practice and dedication were legendary: hours upon hours of hard, disciplined practice, that would later pay off. He performed at [[All India Radio]] in [[Lahore]] as a staff artist in 1936 and was later transferred to All India Radio in Bombay in 1938.<ref name=EB/> In 1943, he quit that job and started working for the Bombay film industry, also known as [[Bollywood]] these days, and composed music for nearly two dozen Urdu/Hindi and Punjabi films.<ref name="NYT" /><ref name=EB/> By 1958, he had become disillusioned with the film industry and started focusing more on classical music.<ref name=EB/>

He was married to his cousin Bavi Begum and the couple had three sons, [[Zakir Hussain (musician)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Fazal Qureshi]] and [[Taufiq Qureshi]];<ref name=EB/> two daughters, Khurshid Aulia née Qureshi and Razia; and nine grandchildren. They all survived him except Razia; it was the news of her death a day earlier that is thought to have caused his fatal heart attack.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3494700060.html|title=Qureshi, Ustad Alla Rakha - Dictionary definition of Qureshi, Ustad Alla Rakha - Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary|website=www.encyclopedia.com}}</ref><ref name="ar">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2000/feb/05/guardianobituaries1|title=Alla Rakha obituary (with Ravi Shankar, he took Indian music to the world)|author=Reginald Massey|date=4 February 2000|newspaper=The Guardian (newspaper)|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>

Allah Rakha had a third daughter named [[Roohi Bano]] (1951–2019) who was born in [[Pakistan]] and achieved a "legendary" status in television and film acting in that country.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/Roohi-Bano-lives-a-life-of-recluse-wreck-Lahore/articleshow/21327410.cms|title=Roohi Bano lives a life of recluse wreck Lahore - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/pakistan/story/ustad-alla-rakhas-daughter-is-broken-and-alone-in-pakistan-171585-2013-07-25|title=Ustad Alla Rakha's daughter Roohi Bano is broken and alone in Pakistan|date=July 25, 2013|website=India Today|access-date=18 October 2020}}</ref>