Editing Allee effect (section)

==History and background==
{{Main|Warder Clyde Allee}}

Although the concept of Allee effect had no title at the time, it was first described in the 1930s by its namesake, [[Warder Clyde Allee]]. Through experimental studies, Allee was able to demonstrate that [[goldfish]] have a greater survival rate when there are more individuals within the tank.<ref>{{Cite journal |vauthors=Allee WC, Bowen E |year=1932 |title=Studies in animal aggregations: mass protection against colloidal silver among goldfishes |journal=Journal of Experimental Zoology |volume=61 |pages=185–207 |doi=10.1002/jez.1400610202 |issue=2|bibcode=1932JEZ....61..185A }}</ref> This led him to conclude that aggregation can improve the survival rate of individuals, and that cooperation may be crucial in the overall evolution of social structure. The term "Allee principle" was introduced in the 1950s, a time when the field of ecology was heavily focused on the role of competition among and within species.<ref name=book1 /><ref>{{Cite book |author =Odum EP |year=1953 |title=Fundamentals of Ecology |publisher=Saunders |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA}}</ref> The classical view of population dynamics stated that due to competition for resources, a population will experience a reduced overall growth rate at higher density and increased growth rate at lower density. In other words, individuals in a population would be better off when there are fewer individuals around due to a limited amount of resources (see [[Logistic function#In ecology: modeling population growth|logistic growth]]). However, the concept of the Allee effect introduced the idea that the reverse holds true when the [[population density]] is low. Individuals within a species often require the assistance of another individual for more than simple reproductive reasons in order to persist. The most obvious example of this is observed in animals that hunt for prey or defend against predators as a group.