Editing Amazonas (Peruvian department) (section)

==Geography==
[[File:maranon.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Marañón valley between Chachapoyas and Celendin, Peru]]

The '''department of Amazonas''' consists of regions covered by [[rainforest]]s and [[mountain range]]s. The rainforest zone predominates (72.93%) and it extends to the north over its oriental slope, up to the border with [[Ecuador]] in the summits of the [[Cordillera del Cóndor]]. The mountain range zone is located in the southern [[Provinces of Peru|provinces]] of the Amazonas Region and it only includes 27.07% of its whole territorial surface.

One of the factors that help to give big importance to its [[geography]] is not only that the big valleys and [[plain]]s of its rainforest zone are the closest to the [[Pacific Ocean]], but also its connections with the routes of the coast are the lowest. This is because they use the [[Paso de Porculla]] (the mountain pass of Porculla) that is located at 2,144 m. This is the lowest pass of the whole Peruvian [[Andes]] to arrive to the [[Pan-American Highway|Pan-American road]] system.

The vast and deep [[Marañón River|Marañón]] valley  which constitutes one of the most important morphologic features of the region.

The Marañón valley crosses a big part of its territory and expands itself from south to north. It reaches its greatest width in the province of [[Bagua Province|Bagua]]. It narrows when it crosses the [[Cordillera Oriental, Peru|Cordillera Oriental]] ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "eastern mountain range") in its most violent route towards the east, towards the [[Omagua|lowest part of the Amazon]]. It crosses canyons and natural porches called ''[[pongo (geography)|punku]]s'', a [[Quechua language|Quechua]] word that means doors.

The [[Utcubamba River|Utkupampa]] valley which is the real axis of the department of Amazonas is located between [[5th parallel south|5°]] and [[6th parallel south|6°]] of south latitude and [[78th meridian west|78°]] and [[79th meridian west|79°]] of west longitude. It is longitudinally developed up to the Marañón River, in which it flowed at 400 m.

This zone is the principal center of production and human groups location. It is developed in four very pronounced sectors:

* Vertiente del Marañon (Marañon's [[spring (hydrosphere)|spring]]), that has important [[Stream|quebrada]]s ([[Quebrada Seca|Seca]], [[Quebrada Bocana|Bocana]], [[Quebrada Copallín Nuevo|Copallín Nuevo]] and [[Quebrada Choloque|Choloque]]).
* Valle Medio (the middle valley) that has eleven quebradas in its both borders.
* Valle Alto (the high valley) that has seven quebradas. The most important one is [[Quebrada Magunchal|Magunchal]].
* Planicie de Bagua (the Bagua's plain), wavy and picturesque, that is located at 550 m. In some places, it mounts up to 900 m., for example in the inhabited point called [[La Peca (Peru)|La Peca]].

The principal [[Tributary|tributaries]] of the Utkupampa are the [[Chiriaco River|Chiriaco]], the [[Nieva River|Nieva]], the [[Santiago River (Peru)|Santiago]] (that is born in [[Ecuador]]) and the [[Cenepa River|Cenepa]], that is born in the north zone of the [[Cordillera del Cóndor]]. The Cenepa River receives in its trip numerous tributaries like the [[Comaina River|Comaina]]. It flowed in the [[Marañón River (Peru)|Marañon river]], located near [[Orellana (Peru)|Orellana]] ([[Condorcanqui Province]]).

===Route to Huallaga Central: Plain of Bagua===
[[File:Peru - HotSprings.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Hot springs in the Rupa Rupa Region]]

The Utkupampa valley which is born in the high ''[[Suni (geography)|jalcas]]'' of the Chachapoyas Province and which runs from southeast to northwest to mix with the waters of the Marañón River, forms the immense [[plain of Bagua]]. This plain has a warm climate, which temperature can reach a maximum of 40&nbsp;°C, being the minimum one 21&nbsp;°C.

Like in the whole [[Rupa-Rupa|high jungle]] region of Peru –head of mountain-, its water regimen is irregular and sometimes without rains.

Some of the important places inside this route are the touristic corridor of the Utkupampa and the lake [[Pumaqucha (Amazonas)|Pumaqucha]].