Editing Amersham plc (section)

==History==
Chilcote House in Little Chalfont near Amersham was first used for extraction of [[radium]] from radium concentrates in 1940, under Walter Patrick Grove. Over the next four years over 500 [[kilograms]] of [[radium bromide]] was produced, to be used to make luminous dials and instruments.<ref name="AmMuseum">{{cite web |last1=Clutterbuck |first1=John |title=Amersham's Modern Alchemists |url=https://amershammuseum.org/history/research/trades-industries/alchemists/ |website=Amersham Museum |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref> In 1946 the facility was taken over by the [[Ministry of Supply]] and it became known as the "national centre for the processing and distribution of radium, radon and artificial radioactive substances for scientific, medical and industrial purposes".<ref name="JLCR">{{cite journal |last1=Kitson |first1=Sean L. |title=Amersham radiochemistry to GE Healthcare |journal=Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals |date=August 2007 |volume=50 |issue=9–10 |pages=737–745 |doi=10.1002/jlcr.1427}}</ref> With a new focus on healthcare and industrial applications, the site was expanded, and by 1949 when the name changed to "The Radiochemical Centre (TRC), Amersham", the production included radium gas capsules for cancer treatment and [[carbon-14]]. The following year it became an outstation of the [[Atomic Energy Research Establishment]] (UKAERA) at Harwell, processing materials produced in its reactors.<ref name="AmMuseum" /><ref name=hse>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/psrrep5.htm|title=The findings of NII's assessment of Amersham plc's 'site' periodic safety review|date=April 2002|publisher=HM Nuclear Installations Inspectorate|access-date=12 June 2009}}</ref>

By the 1960s, TRC had over 1,000 catalogue items, using over 100 isotopes and exporting to 60 countries. A [[cyclotron]] was installed, the first for medical isotope production.<ref name="JLCR" /> With the restructuring of the UKAERA in 1971, TRC became a [[limited company]].<ref name=going-critical>{{cite book|url=http://www.waltpatterson.org/goingcritical.pdf|title=Going Critical: An Unofficial History of British Nuclear Power|author=Walter C. Patterson|author-link=Walter C. Patterson|publisher=Paladin|year=1985|isbn=0-586-08516-5|access-date=12 June 2009}}</ref> By this time TRC had several international subsidiaries for example Amersham Buchler GmbH & Co. KG a Joint Venture with the Quinine Factory Buchler GmbH in Braunschweig (West-Germany). In 1976 work began on a second production site in [[Cardiff]].

The Radiochemical Centre Limited became Amersham International Limited in 1981 and was the first company to be privatised by the Thatcher Government<ref name="AmMuseum" /> in 1982 under the new name Amersham International plc.<ref name="hse" /> It was the first [[Privatization|privatisation]] in which the government sold 100% of its shares in a company. The offer was 24.6 times subscribed, meaning the share price rose from 142p per share to 188p per share by closing on the first day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.parliament.uk/documents/commons/lib/research/briefings/RP-Temp/RP14-061.pdf|title=House of Commons Library Research Paper|date=2014}}</ref> The government retained a special share, allowing the veto of any outsourcing attempts, until it was redeemed in 1988.

In the early 1990s, the in-vitro diagnostic assay business was [[divested]] to a joint venture with [[Eastman Kodak]] called Amerlite Diagnostics Ltd, this was later wholly acquired by Eastman Kodak and renamed Kodak Clinical Diagnostics Ltd. This business was sold by Kodak to [[Johnson & Johnson]] and became known as Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics Ltd. The business is now called [[Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics]] Ltd.

In 1997 [[Pharmacia]] Biotech ([[Sweden]]), then owned by [[Pharmacia & Upjohn]], was fused with Amersham Life Science and renamed Amersham Pharmacia Biotech.<ref name=history>{{cite web|url=http://www.amersham.com/about/heritage.html |title=Amersham plc – Our Heritage|access-date=2 February 2004 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040202095721/http://www.amersham.com/about/heritage.html |archive-date = 2 February 2004}}</ref> The Pharmacia name of this subsidiary was later dropped when Pharmacia & Upjohn sold its share of the company to Amersham plc, and changed its name to Amersham Biosciences in 2001.

In 1997, Amersham merged with [[Nycomed]] ([[Norway]])<ref name=history/> to form ''Nycomed Amersham plc''. In 1999, the Nycomed Pharma subsidiary was sold to [[Nordic Capital]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nycomed sells pharma unit to Nordic Capital – May 5, 1999|url=https://money.cnn.com/1999/05/05/europe/nycomed/|access-date=2021-04-13|publisher=CNN Money}}</ref> and in 2001 ''Nycomed Amersham plc'' was renamed to ''Amersham plc''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nycomed Amersham changes name to Amersham PLC|url=https://www.auntminnie.com/index.aspx?sec=ser&sub=def&pag=dis&ItemID=50775|access-date=2021-04-13|website=AuntMinnie.com| date=10 May 2001 }}</ref>

In 2004, Amersham was acquired by the American firm [[General Electric]] (GE) and incorporated into the [[GE Healthcare]] business segment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3179954.stm|title=General Electric buys Amersham|date=10 October 2003|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=12 June 2009}}</ref>

In 2005 the [[Royal Society of Chemistry]] named the former Amersham Laboratories, known as the Grove Centre under GE, as an historic chemical landmark for its "achievements in the fields of industrial and medical applications" over the past six decades.<ref>{{Cite press release |title=The Royal Society of Chemistry names the Grove Centre a historic chemical landmark |date=17 February 2005 |publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry |url=https://www.rsc.org/news-events/articles/2005/02-february/grove-centre/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Warschauer |first1=Judy |title=Landmark award for Grove Centre |url=https://www.bucksfreepress.co.uk/news/578968.landmark-award-for-grove-centre/ |work=Bucks Free Press |date=16 March 2005 |language=en}}</ref>