Editing Amoco (section)

== History ==
=== Standard Oil of Indiana ===
Standard Oil of Indiana was formed in 1889 by [[John D. Rockefeller]] as part of the [[Standard Oil]] [[Trust (monopoly)|Trust]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Piland |first1=Richard Newton |title=Sugar Creek |last2=Center |first2=Sugar Creek Historical |date=2010 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-8412-6 |location=Charleston, SC |pages=89 |language=en}}</ref> The company's operations centered around the [[Whiting Refinery]] situated on [[Lake Michigan]], and first operational in 1890.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Borgo |first=Anthony |date=2017-03-29 |title=Standard Oil |url=https://whiting.lib.in.us/standard-oil/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Whiting Public Library |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Schnurr |first=Ryan |date=2017-08-29 |title=A 'Toxic Tour' of the Whiting Refinery on the Shores of Lake Michigan - Belt Magazine |url=https://beltmag.com/toxic-tour-whiting-refinery-shores-lake-michigan/ |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=beltmag.com |language=en-US}}</ref> In 1910, with the increased usage of the [[automobile]], Indiana Standard decided to specialize in providing gasoline to consumers. In 1911, the year it became independent from the Standard Oil trust, the company sold 88% of the [[gasoline]] and [[kerosene]] sold in the [[Midwest]]. In 1912, it opened its first [[gasoline|gas]] [[filling station|service station]] in [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]].<ref name=":0" />

When the Standard Oil Trust was broken up in 1911,<ref name=":7" /> Indiana Standard was assigned marketing territory covering most of the Midwestern United States, including [[Indiana]], [[Michigan]], [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]], [[Minnesota]], [[North Dakota]], [[South Dakota]], [[Iowa]], [[Kansas]], and [[Missouri]]. It had the exclusive rights to use the Standard name in the region. Soon after, Indiana Standard scientist [[William Merriam Burton|William Burton]] pioneered a new way to process crude oil, called [[Cracking (chemistry)|thermal cracking]], which allowed the industry to produce more oil.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Yergin |first=Daniel |url=https://www.iwp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/The-Prize-The-Epic-Quest-for-Oil-Money-and-Power-by-Daniel-Yergin.pdf |title=The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power |publisher=Simon & Schuster |year=1991 |isbn=9780671502485 |location=New York, NY |pages=110–112; 237; 507–508}}</ref> The company licensed the process to 14 companies between 1914-1919, including former parent company Standard Oil of New Jersey.<ref name=":7" /> The company opened its Casper refinery in 1914.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mast |first=Tom |date=March 1, 2015 |title=Refining Wyoming's Oil for 120 years {{!}} WyoHistory.org |url=https://www.wyohistory.org/encyclopedia/refining-wyomings-oil-120-years |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Wyoming Historical Society}}</ref>

In 1918, Indiana Standard named Colonel Robert W. Stewart as its first chairman.<ref name=":8" /> Under Stewart, it began investing in other oil companies outside its Standard marketing territory, beginning with the purchase of the Dixie Oil Company of Louisiana in 1919 and a one-third interest in Midwest Refining in 1920.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Olien |first1=Diana Davids |last2=Olien |first2=Roger M. |title=Running Out of Oil: Discourse and Public Policy, 1909-1929 |url=https://thebhc.org/sites/default/files/beh/BEHprint/v022n2/p0036-p0066.pdf |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The Business History Conference |publisher=The University of Texas-Permian Basin, Department of History}}</ref> By June 1921, Standard Oil owned 85% of Midwest’s stock.<ref name=":4" /> 

By 1922, the company also had facilities in Sugar Creek, Missouri; [[Wood River Refinery|Wood River]], Illinois; and Greybull, and Laramie in Wyoming.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=June 1922 |title=Standard Oil Company (Indiana) |url=https://indianamemory.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p16066coll50/id/14603 |journal=Stanolind Record |volume=3 |issue=8 |pages=2 |via=Indiana State Library}}</ref> The Casper facility was the largest volume gasoline refinery in the world by this time, turning 1.35 million barrels of crude oil per month into 615,000 barrels of gasoline.<ref name=":4" /> In the 1920s and 1930s, Indiana Standard opened up dozens more refining and oil-drilling facilities. Combined with a new oil-refining process, Indiana Standard created its exploration and production business, Stanolind, in 1931.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Percefull |first=Gary |date=1989-04-23 |title=Amoco Changes, But Retains Ties to Oil Capital |url=https://tulsaworld.com/archive/amoco-changes-but-retains-ties-to-oil-capital/article_1e8e45c2-d855-5170-8c3a-c747cefce729.html |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Tulsa World |language=en}}</ref> In the following years, a period of intense exploration and search for oil-rich fields ensued; the company drilled over 1,000 wells in 1937 alone.

===Purchase of American Oil Company===
After working for Standard Oil, Blaustein eventually saved enough capital<ref name="JTAObituary">{{Cite web |date=2015-03-20 |title=Louis Blaustein, Oil Magnate, Philanthropist, Dead at 68 |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/louis-blaustein-oil-magnate-philanthropist-dead-at-68 |access-date=2024-10-23 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en-US}}</ref> to found his own oil company with his son in 1910. They called it the American Oil Company (AMOCO).<ref name="Radermarcus">{{Cite book |last=Marcus |first=Jacob Rader |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HHNrnexojzYC&q=Amoco+&pg=PA264E |title=United States Jewry, 1776-1985 |date=1989 |publisher=[[Wayne State University Press]]|isbn=978-0-8143-2186-7 |pages=276 |language=en}}</ref> Blaustein incorporated his business in 1922.<ref name=":1" /> 

In 1923, the Blausteins sold a half interest in American Oil to the [[Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company]] in exchange for a guaranteed supply of oil. Before this deal, Amoco was forced to depend on [[Standard Oil of New Jersey]], a competitor, for its supplies. Standard Oil of Indiana acquired Pan American in 1925, beginning [[John D. Rockefeller]]'s association with the Amoco name.<ref name=":1">{{cite news|url=http://www.webshells.com/crown/pages/history.htm |title=A Corporate History Rooted Deeply in Baltimore |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]|date=1999-02-01 |first=Martha |last=Hamilton |access-date=2010-06-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101201190120/https://webshells.com/crown/pages/history.htm |archive-date=2010-12-01 }}</ref> 

In the wake of the infamous [[Teapot Dome scandal]], it was discovered that [[Harry Ford Sinclair|Harry Sinclair]], Robert Stewart, Albert Fall, and others, had been laundering money through a shell company called Continental Trading Company and using the funds to buy more than $3 million in [[liberty bond]]s during [[World War I]].<ref>{{Cite report |last=United States Congress |title=Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of the ... Congress |date=1930 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington, D.C. |pages=317 |language=en}}</ref> Though Stewart was never charged with a crime, [[John D. Rockefeller Jr.|John D. Rockefeller, Jr.]] demanded his resignation. After a lengthy proxy fight between the two, Stewart was eventually ousted in March 1929.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Banik |first=Jerry |date=October 2010 |title="Battle of the Century" In Whiting |url=https://www.wrhistoricalsociety.com/standard-oils-battle-of-the-century |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Whiting-Robertsdale Historical Society |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Pipelines and oil transport ===
In 1921, Indiana Standard bought a half interest in the Sinclair Pipeline Company, a subsidiary of [[Sinclair Oil Corporation]],<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=During Depression Years Canny Sale, Purchases Double Sinclair in Size |url=http://sinclairoil.com/history/history_p29.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128052929/http://sinclairoil.com/history/history_p29.htm |archive-date=November 28, 2010 |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=Sinclair Oil}}</ref> which owned a network of crude oil pipelines in the midwestern United States. Indiana Standard made a  $36.7 million stake in the [[Pan American Petroleum and Transport Company]] gave the company interest in the American Oil Company, which marketed half of PAT's oil in the United States. Indiana Standard raised its stake in PAT to 81 percent by 1929.<ref name=":10" /> The two companies officially merged in 1954.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 10, 1954 |title=TWO OIL CONCERNS MOVE FOR MERGER |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/02/10/archives/two-oil-concerns-move-for-merger-stanolind-and-pan-american-holders.html |access-date=October 24, 2024 |website=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> 

In 1930, Stanolind completed its acquisition of Sinclair Pipeline<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=January 19, 1964 |title=PIPELINE's CHIEF RECEIVES AWARD |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/01/19/archives/pipelines-chief-receives-award-industry-is-recognized-as-a-leading.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> and also acquired half of Sinclair Crude Oil Purchasing Company.<ref name=":2" /> All of the pipeline companies were consolidated into the newly formed Stanolind Pipeline Company.<ref name=":3" /> The crude oil purchasing operations became Stanolind Crude Oil Purchasing Company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 2, 1930 |title=NEW SLASHES MADE IN CRUDE OIL PRICES |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/11/02/archives/new-slashes-made-in-crude-oil-prices-stanolind-announces-second-cut.html |access-date=October 23, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> The pipeline company headquarters were located in the Philcade building in [[Tulsa, Oklahoma]]. In 1950, all of the corporation's pipeline activities were merged into a single entity, which was named Service Pipeline Company.<ref name=":3" /> By 1964, the company operated 14,500 miles of pipelines located in the central part of the country. It gathered crude oil from 34,300 wells and carried it to 59 refineries, delivering 900,000 to 950,000 barrels a day.<ref name=":3" />

=== Lead-free gasoline ===
[[File:1935 - Amoco Station 9th and Walnut Streets.jpg|thumb|Amoco gas station in Pennsylvania, 1935]]
While most oil companies were switching to leaded [[gasoline]]s en masse during the mid-to-late 1920s, American Oil chose to continue marketing its premium-grade "Amoco-Gas" (later Amoco Super-Premium)<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal |last=Oudijk |first=Gil |date=March 17, 2010 |title=The Rise and Fall of Organometallic Additives in Automotive Gasoline |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249050811 |journal=Environmental Forensics |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=17–49 |doi=10.1080/15275920903346794 |bibcode=2010EnvFo..11...17O |via=Research Gate}}</ref> as a lead-free gasoline by using aromatics rather than [[tetraethyllead]] to increase [[octane]] levels. This was decades before the environmental movement of the early 1970s that led to more stringent auto-emission controls, which ultimately mandated the [[tetraethyllead#Phaseout and ban|universal phase out of leaded gasoline]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=PrintMag |date=2010-07-28 |title=BP: Branding Petroleum |url=https://www.printmag.com/daily-heller/bp-2b-branding-problem/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=PRINT Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> 

The "Amoco" lead-free gasoline was sold at American's stations in the eastern and southern U.S. alongside American Regular gasoline, which was a leaded fuel. By 1970, lead-free Amoco was introduced in the Indiana Standard marketing area in 1970.<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1368&dat=19770510&id=38UVAAAAIBAJ&pg=2435,1651315 |title=Introducing Amoco Premium Lead-Free |newspaper=The Milwaukee Sentinel |date=1977-05-10 |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> The Red Crown Regular and White Crown Premium (later Gold Crown Super Premium) gasolines marketed by parent company Standard Oil (Indiana) in its prime marketing area in the Midwest before 1961, also contained lead.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henderson |first=Scott Benjamin Wayne |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4CnIcaH6YAC&dq=standard+++%22gold+crown%22+++premium&pg=PA62 |title=Gas Pump Collector's Guide |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=978-1-61060-635-6 |language=en}}</ref> By 1978, Amoco had phased out premium lead gas.<ref name=":6" /> 

In November 1986, amid pressures from the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|EPA]] to cut down on the usage of lead in gasoline, Amoco became the first major oil company to say it would quit all retail sales of leaded gasoline. In its place, Amoco began selling a mid-grade 89 octane unleaded gasoline (the same number as its leaded regular gasoline), along with its unleaded regular and unleaded premium offerings.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=Chicago |date=1987-06-15 |title=LEADED FUEL RUNNING OUT OF GAS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/06/15/leaded-fuel-running-out-of-gas/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== World War II ===
[[World War II]] followed this period of exploration; Indiana Standard participated in the war effort, discovering new means of refinement and even a way of producing [[trinitrotoluene|TNT]] more quickly and easily. In addition, Indiana Standard significantly contributed to the aviation and land gasoline needed for the [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] armies. Also, during the war Indiana Standard created its [[chemical]] division, formed from the merger of the Pan American Chemicals Company and the Indoil Chemical Company.

=== Post-war ===
In the late 1940s, after World War II, Indiana Standard returned to focusing on domestic oil refinement and advancement. In 1947, Indiana Standard was the first company to drill off-shore, in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], and in 1948, Stanolind Oil invented [[Hydraulic fracturing|Hydrafrac]], a hydraulic well fracturing process that increased oil production worldwide. Initially the Hydrafrac process was licensed exclusively to [[Halliburton]].

[[File:Unidentified, Richmond (2898497119).jpg|thumb|Amoco station in Richmond, 1954]]
By the early 1950s, Standard Oil of Indiana was ranked as the second-largest American oil company with annual gross sales of $1.5 billion.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |last=Doyle |first=Jack |date=August 21, 2015 |title="Inferno at Whiting" Standard Oil: 1955 {{!}} The Pop History Dig |url=https://pophistorydig.com/topics/whiting-refinery-fire-1955/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=pophistorydig.com}}</ref> It had 12 refineries in the United States, marketed its products in 41 states, owned {{convert|12,000|mi|km}} of crude oil pipelines, {{convert|10,000 |mi|km}} of trunk lines, and {{convert|1,700|mi|km}} of product pipelines.<ref name="Ask-Amoco">[http://www.answers.com/topic/amoco Ask.com "Amoco Corporation."]</ref> 

In October 1954, Standard Indiana opened its [[Mandan Refinery|Mandan refinery]] in North Dakota under its American Oil Company subsidiary.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carmical |first=J.h. |date=October 3, 1954 |title=Indiana Standard Dedicates First Major Facility of Its Kind in North Dakota |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1954/10/03/archives/refinery-is-ready-for-williston-oil-indiana-standard-dedicates.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> 

=== Business expansion ===
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Indiana Standard began to diversify its assets. It again led the way with scientific and technological discoveries.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} Indiana Standard discovered [[Terephthalic acid|PTA]], a chemical for [[polyester]] fiber production.<ref>{{Cite web |title=STANDARD OIL of INDIANA - History in short |url=https://www.aukevisser.nl/others/id880.htm |access-date=2022-04-25 |website=www.aukevisser.nl}}</ref> In 1968, following that discovery, Indiana Standard acquired the Avisun Corporation and Patchogue-Plymouth, forming the Amoco Fabrics and Fibers Company.<ref>{{Cite journal |date=August 2, 1968 |title=FTC News Summary |journal=FTC News Summary |issue=31}}</ref> By 1992, the company was trying to sell off its yarn factories in Alabama and Georgia.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 20, 1992 |title=AMOCO WILL SELL SOME ASPHALT LINES TO CITGO |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/20/business/company-news-amoco-will-sell-some-asphalt-lines-to-citgo.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

The company's Amoco Foam Products subsidiary made polystyrene cups, plates, carrying trays and other products. The division was sold to [[Tenneco]] in June 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 1996 |title=$310 MILLION FOR AMOCO CONTAINER UNIT |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/06/27/business/company-news-310-million-for-amoco-container-unit.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

=== Amoco ===
In 1956, the Pan-Am stations in the southeastern U.S. were rebranded as Amoco stations. In 1961, Indiana Standard reorganized its marketing giving its American Oil Company unit responsibility for its retail operations nationwide under the Standard name inside the Indiana Standard marketing area (Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming) and under the American name outside that region. Both brands shared the same redesigned torch and oval logo for easy identification nationwide. The Utoco name used in Indiana Standard's southwestern region was replaced by the American name. The Amoco name continued to be used outside the U.S. and as a brand on certain American Oil products.

Soon after, the company began to expand. With an exploration office in [[Canada]], Indiana Standard was now an international gas company. Indiana Standard created several new plants and claimed various new oil fields in this time period, as the company prospered in the post-war boom. 

By 1971, all the divisions of Indiana Standard bore the Amoco name including American Oil which was renamed Amoco Oil with American stations renamed Amoco stations. By 1975, Amoco began phasing in the Amoco name in the old Indiana Standard sales territory. Standard Oil Company (Indiana) was officially renamed Amoco Corporation in 1985.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/amoco |title=Amoco |publisher=Answers.com |access-date=2010-06-02}}</ref> Facilities, like the one in Casper, were renamed using the new branding.<ref name=":4" />

[[Phillips Petroleum]]'s assets in the General American Oil Company, acquired in 1983, were later taken over by Amoco.

[[Carlin's Amoco Station]] was built at [[Roanoke, Virginia]], around 1947; it was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2012.<ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/listings/20121130.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2012-11-30|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref><ref name=VAnom>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Roanoke/128-6389_Carlins_Amoco_Station_2012_NRHP_FINAL.pdf|title=National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination: Carlin's Amoco Station|author=Alison S. Blanton|date=June 2012|publisher=Virginia Department of Historic Resources|access-date=2014-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201022809/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Roanoke/128-6389_Carlins_Amoco_Station_2012_NRHP_FINAL.pdf|archive-date=2014-02-01|url-status=dead}} and [http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Roanoke/128-6389.CarlinsAmoco.photos.html ''Accompanying six photo''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201022814/http://www.dhr.virginia.gov/registers/Cities/Roanoke/128-6389.CarlinsAmoco.photos.html |date=2014-02-01 }}</ref>

=== Global expansion ===
[[File:ON HYLAN BOULEVARD, STATEN ISLAND - NARA - 547866.jpg|thumb|170px|American station on Hylan Boulevard, NY City, 1973]]
Standard of Indiana established operations in Venezuela during the 1920s under dictator [[Juan Vicente Gómez|Juan Vicente Gomez]]. However, by 1932, during the worst of the Great Depression, the company sold its interests to [[Standard Oil of New Jersey]].<ref name=":7" /> 

In 1958, Indiana again went overseas by signing a deal with Iran to develop oil interests in the Middle Eastern country, this marked the company's first expansion into the Middle East.<ref name=":7" /> However, during the [[Iranian revolution|1978 Iranian Revolution]], Indiana faced significant challenges as political unrest escalated. The company swiftly shut down its Iranian operations and evacuated all American employees after they received death threats. This marked Amoco's complete withdrawal from Iran. <ref name=":10" /> 

In the following decades, Amoco expanded globally, creating plants, [[oil wells]], or markets in over 30 countries, including [[Italy]], [[Australia]] (acquired by BP in 1984), [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Belgium]], [[Brazil]], [[Argentina]], [[South Korea]], [[Taiwan]], [[Pakistan]], [[Norway]], [[Venezuela]], [[Russia]], [[China]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Egypt]], [[West Germany]]. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1983-05-10 |title=Amoco Italia Sale (Published 1983) |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/05/10/business/amoco-italia-sale.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite book |last1=Grant |first1=Tina |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D4ARAQAAMAAJ |title=International Directory of Company Histories |last2=Derdak |first2=Thomas |date=1996 |publisher=St. James Press |isbn=978-1-55862-342-2 |language=en}}</ref> In addition, the company also acquired a division of [[Tenneco Oil Company]] and [[Dome Petroleum Limited]] becoming one of the world's largest oil companies. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Archives |first=L. A. Times |date=1988-09-02 |title=The Canadian subsidiary of Amoco Corp. completed... |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-02-fi-2147-story.html |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US}}</ref>  

In April 1981, reorganized Amoco Production, Amoco Oil, Amoco Chemicals, and Amoco Minerals—its four main units into worldwide operating concerns—into worldwide operating concerns. The Amoco International Oil Company was also merged into Amoco Production, with its refining and marketing operations transferred to Amoco Oil and its marine transportation operations made part of Indiana Standard's supply and technology department.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 1981 |title=Indiana Standard Reorganizing Units |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/10/business/company-news-indiana-standard-reorganizing-units.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

In July 1988, Amoco acquired [[Dome Petroleum]], a Canadian company.<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 15, 1988 |title=Amoco Purchase |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/15/business/company-news-amoco-purchase.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> By 1989, Amoco was the fifth-largest gasoline seller in the United States with more than 14,000 stations in 30 states.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tribune |first=Chicago |date=1987-06-15 |title=LEADED FUEL RUNNING OUT OF GAS |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/06/15/leaded-fuel-running-out-of-gas/ |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=Chicago Tribune |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 1994 Amoco was involved in a consortium with nine other companies that signed an agreement with the government of [[Azerbaijan]] for exclusive rights to develop oil fields in the [[Caspian Sea]]. Also in 1994 Amoco combined with competitors [[Shell plc|Shell Oil]] and [[ExxonMobil|Exxon]] to construct a $1 billion offshore oil platform in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], the deepest in the world at the time. <ref name=":10" />

=== Merger with BP ===
By the end of the 1990s, worldwide oil prices had slumped to their lowest point in over a decade. Amoco, the fourth largest US oil producer at the time, reported a 50% fall in earnings in second quarter of 1998. Analysts believed Amoco was hurt by its lack of international refining. On August 11, 1998, Amoco announced it would merge with [[BP]] in the world's largest industrial merger.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=August 11, 1998 |title=BP and Amoco in oil mega-merger |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/149139.stm |access-date=2024-10-24 |website=BBC}}</ref>  

Though billed as a merger of equals, BP held control of the new entity. Shareholder control was split 60/40 in favor of BP shareholders. The new company was also based on London, where BP was based, with BP chief executive Sir [[John Browne, Baron Browne of Madingley|John Browne]] running the company. BP chairman Peter Sutherland and Amoco chairman Larry Fuller served as co-chairs. The consolidated company would also cut 6,000 jobs worldwide.<ref name=":9" />  

The new company made efforts to further consolidate by announcing the acquisition of [[ARCO|Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO)]] for $26.8 billion in April 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=1999-04-01 |title=BP Amoco Acquires Arco - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bp-amoco-acquires-arco/ |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> However, it wasn't until BP Amoco agreed to divest ARCO's Alaska holdings that the FTC approved the deal a year later. The company then cut 2,000 jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 13, 2000 |title=FTC approves BP Amoco, Arco mega-merger - Apr. 13, 2000 |url=https://money.cnn.com/2000/04/13/deals/bpamoco/# |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=money.cnn.com}}</ref> 

In August 1999, BP Amoco sold its western Canadian oil properties for $1.1 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pritchard |first=Timothy |date=August 6, 1999 |title=CANADIANS BUY BP AMOCO ASSETS |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/06/business/world-business-briefing-americas-canadians-buy-bp-amoco-assets.html |access-date=October 25, 2024 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> In September 2001, BP Amoco sold its refineries in Salt Lake City and Mandan, North Dakota to [[Tesoro Corporation|Tesoro Petroleum]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2001-09-07 |title=Tesoro finishes purchase of BP refineries at Mandan, Salt Lake City |url=https://www.ogj.com/refining-processing/article/17261570/tesoro-finishes-purchase-of-bp-refineries-at-mandan-salt-lake-city |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=[[Oil & Gas Journal]]|language=en}}</ref> 

Originally, the plan was for all US BP service stations to be converted to Amoco while all overseas Amoco service stations were to be converted to BP.{{clarification needed|date=April 2021|reason=Where and when did Amoco Corporation had service stations outside of the United States?}} But by 2004, BP announced that all Amoco service stations would either be closed or renamed to BP service stations, including the remaining stations still bearing the "Standard" name.{{citation needed|date=April 2021}} BP also chose to rename its gasolines with the Amoco name, changing its midgrade and premium offerings to the Silver and Ultimate brandings that Amoco used. By 2008, the "Amoco Fuels" name had been mostly discontinued in favor of "BP Gasoline with Invigorate". The Amoco name, however, lives on as BP continues to sell Silver and Ultimate under the BP name.

In addition, a few BP stations continued operation under the Amoco name. Most were either converted to BP, demolished and replaced with BP-style stations, abandoned, or switched to competitor brands. On April 1, 2010, in Mississippi, [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron]] purchased some [[BP]] gas stations, which had been Amoco, to convert them to the [[Texaco]] brand.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-08-01 |title=US BP distributors consider reverting to Amoco brand |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-oil-spill-branding-idUKTRE6701XQ20100801 |access-date=2022-04-25}}</ref>

In the aftermath of the [[Deepwater Horizon oil spill|''Deepwater Horizon'' oil spill]] in the Gulf of Mexico, there were reports in the press that [[BP]] was reconsidering rebranding itself as Amoco in the US.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5grAyJY6qXqNgoXq-ml1UqPx4WqdgD9H9JODO0 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806002805/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5grAyJY6qXqNgoXq-ml1UqPx4WqdgD9H9JODO0 |archive-date=August 6, 2010 |url-status=dead |title=Time to scrap BP brand? Gas-station owners divided |first=Harry R. |last=Weber |agency=[[Associated Press]] |date=July 31, 2010}}</ref> Some independently owned BP stations, including former Amoco stations, switched to a different brand due to the public relations fallout as a result of the oil spill.<ref>{{cite news|author=Joshua Trujillo / Seattlepi.com via AP |url=http://www.nola.com/news/gulf-oil-spill/index.ssf/2010/07/some_bp_gas_station_owners_swi.html |title=Some BP gas station owners switching brands because of Gulf oil spill |newspaper=[[The Times-Picayune/The New Orleans Advocate]] |access-date=2012-11-30 }}</ref>