Editing Analysis (section)

==Science and technology==

===Chemistry===
[[File:Clinical Chemistry Analyzer , Клинички биохемиски анализатор 3.jpg|thumb|A clinical chemistry analyzer]]
{{See also|Analytical chemistry|List of chemical analysis methods|Chemical synthesis}}
The field of [[chemistry]] uses analysis in three ways: to identify the components of a particular [[chemical compound]] (qualitative analysis),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qualitative Analysis |url=https://www.lahc.edu/classes/chemistry/arias/Lab1QualAnaF11.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.lahc.edu/classes/chemistry/arias/Lab1QualAnaF11.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> to identify the proportions of components in a [[mixture]] (quantitative analysis),<ref>{{cite book|publisher=OpenStaxCollege |title=Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions|chapter=Quantitative Chemical Analysis |date=October 2014 |url=https://pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu/chemistry/chapter/quantitative-chemical-analysis/ |language=en}}</ref> and to break down [[chemical process]]es and examine [[chemical reaction]]s between [[chemical element|elements]] of [[chemical matter|matter]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=Spring 2018 |title=CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING |url=https://axs.berkeley.edu/classdes/CBE%20140.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://axs.berkeley.edu/classdes/CBE%20140.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live}}</ref> For an example of its use, analysis of the concentration of elements is important in managing a [[nuclear reactor]], so [[nuclear scientist]]s will analyze [[neutron activation analysis|neutron activation]] to develop discrete measurements within vast samples. A [[matrix (chemical analysis)|matrix]] can have a considerable effect on the way a chemical analysis is conducted and the quality of its results. Analysis can be done manually or with a [[analyzer|device]].

==== Types of Analysis ====
; Qualitative Analysis: It is concerned with which components are in a given sample or compound.
: Example: Precipitation reaction
; Quantitative Analysis : It is to determine the quantity of individual component present in a given sample or compound.
: Example: To find concentration by uv-spectrophotometer.

====Isotopes====
{{See also|Isotope analysis|Isotope geochemistry}}
Chemists can use [[isotope analysis]] to assist analysts with issues in [[anthropology]], [[archeology]], [[food chemistry]], [[forensics]], [[geology]], and a host of other questions of [[physical science]]. Analysts can discern the origins of natural and man-made isotopes in the study of [[environmental radioactivity]].

===Computer science===
* [[Requirements analysis]] – encompasses those tasks that go into determining the needs or conditions to meet for a new or altered product, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, such as beneficiaries or users.
* [[Competitive analysis (online algorithm)]] – shows how online algorithms perform and demonstrates the power of randomization in algorithms
* [[Lexical analysis]] – the process of processing an input sequence of characters and producing as output a sequence of symbols
* [[Object-oriented analysis and design]]&nbsp;– à la [[Booch method|Booch]]
* [[Program analysis (computer science)]]&nbsp;– the process of automatically analysing the behavior of computer programs
* [[Semantic analysis (computer science)]]&nbsp;– a pass by a compiler that adds semantical information to the parse tree and performs certain checks
* [[Static code analysis]]&nbsp;– the analysis of computer software that is performed without actually executing programs built from that
* [[Structured systems analysis and design methodology]]&nbsp;– à la [[Yourdon]]
* [[Syntax analysis]]&nbsp;– a process in compilers that recognizes the structure of programming languages, also known as parsing
* [[Worst-case execution time]]&nbsp;– determines the longest time that a piece of software can take to run

===Engineering===
{{See also|Engineering analysis|Systems analysis}}

Analysts in the field of [[engineering]] look at [[Requirement analysis|requirements]], [[structural analysis|structures]], mechanisms, [[systems analysis|systems]] and [[dimensional analysis|dimensions]]. [[Electrical engineering|Electrical engineers]] analyse [[system analysis|systems]] in [[electronics]]. [[Whole-life cost|Life cycles]] and [[Accident analysis|system failures]] are broken down and studied by engineers. It is also looking at different factors incorporated within the design.

===Mathematics===
{{Main|Mathematical analysis}}

Modern mathematical analysis is the study of infinite processes. It is the branch of mathematics that includes calculus.  It can be applied in the study of classical concepts of mathematics, such as [[real analysis|real numbers]], [[complex analysis|complex variables]], [[Fourier analysis|trigonometric functions]], and [[numerical analysis|algorithms]], or of [[non-classical analysis|non-classical]] concepts like [[constructivist analysis|constructivism]], [[harmonic analysis|harmonics]], [[non-standard analysis|infinity]], and [[functional analysis|vectors]].

[[Florian Cajori]] explains in [[wikiquote:A History of Mathematics|''A History of Mathematics'']] (1893) the difference between modern and ancient mathematical analysis, as distinct from logical analysis, as follows:
<blockquote>
The terms ''synthesis'' and ''analysis'' are used in mathematics in a more special sense than in logic. In ancient mathematics they had a different meaning from what they now have. The oldest definition of mathematical analysis as opposed to synthesis is that given in [appended to] [[Euclid's Elements|Euclid]], XIII. 5, which in all probability was framed by [[Eudoxus of Cnidus|Eudoxus]]: "Analysis is the obtaining of the thing sought by assuming it and so reasoning up to an admitted truth; synthesis is the obtaining of the thing sought by reasoning up to the inference and proof of it." 
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The analytic method is not conclusive, unless all operations involved in it are known to be reversible. To remove all doubt, the Greeks, as a rule, added to the analytic process a synthetic one, consisting of a reversion of all operations occurring in the analysis. Thus the aim of analysis was to aid in the discovery of synthetic proofs or solutions.
</blockquote>

James Gow uses a similar argument as Cajori, with the following clarification, in his [https://books.google.com/books?id=KSe_ZEmHaXEC& ''A Short History of Greek Mathematics''] (1884):

<blockquote>
The synthetic proof proceeds by shewing that the proposed new truth involves certain admitted truths. An analytic proof begins by an assumption, upon which a synthetic reasoning is founded. The Greeks distinguished ''theoretic'' from ''problematic'' analysis. A theoretic analysis is of the following kind. To ''prove'' that A is B, ''assume'' first that A is B. If so, then, since B is C and C is D and D is E, therefore A is E. If this be known a falsity, A is not B. But if this be a known truth and all the intermediate propositions be [[wiktionary:convertible#Adjective|convertible]], then the reverse process, A is E, E is D, D is C, C is B, therefore A is B, constitutes a synthetic proof of the original theorem. Problematic analysis is applied in all cases where it is proposed to construct a figure which is assumed to satisfy a given condition. The problem is then converted into some theorem which is involved in the condition and which is proved synthetically, and the steps of this synthetic proof taken backwards are a synthetic solution of the problem.
</blockquote>

===Psychotherapy===
* [[Psychoanalysis]]&nbsp;– seeks to elucidate connections among unconscious components of patients' mental processes
* [[Transactional analysis]]
** Transactional analysis is used by therapists to try to gain a better understanding of the unconscious.  It focuses on understanding and intervening human behavior.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hargaden |first1=Helena |title=Transactional Analysis |last2=Sills |first2=Charlotte |date=2014-04-23 |isbn=9781315820279 |doi=10.4324/9781315820279}}</ref>

===Signal processing===
* [[Finite element analysis]]&nbsp;– a computer simulation technique used in engineering analysis
* [[Independent component analysis]]
* [[Link quality analysis]]&nbsp;– the analysis of signal quality
* [[Path quality analysis]]
* [[Fourier analysis]]

===Statistics===
In [[statistics]], the term ''analysis'' may refer to any method used
for [[data analysis]]. Among the many such methods, some are:
* [[Analysis of variance]] (ANOVA)&nbsp;– a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures which compare means by splitting the overall observed variance into different parts
* [[Boolean analysis]]&nbsp;– a method to find deterministic dependencies between variables in a sample, mostly used in exploratory data analysis
* [[Cluster analysis]]&nbsp;– techniques for finding groups (called clusters), based on some measure of proximity or similarity
* [[Factor analysis]]&nbsp;– a method to construct models describing a data set of observed variables in terms of a smaller set of unobserved variables (called factors)
* [[Meta-analysis]]&nbsp;– combines the results of several studies that address a set of related research hypotheses
* [[Multivariate analysis]]&nbsp;– analysis of data involving several variables, such as by factor analysis, regression analysis, or principal component analysis
* [[Principal component analysis]]&nbsp;– transformation of a sample of correlated variables into uncorrelated variables (called principal components), mostly used in exploratory data analysis
* [[Regression analysis]]&nbsp;– techniques for analysing the relationships between several predictive variables and one or more outcomes in the data
* [[Scale analysis (statistics)]]&nbsp;– methods to analyse survey data by scoring responses on a numeric scale
* [[Sensitivity analysis]]&nbsp;– the study of how the variation in the output of a model depends on variations in the inputs
* [[Sequential analysis]]&nbsp;– evaluation of sampled data as it is collected, until the criterion of a stopping rule is met
* [[Spatial analysis]]&nbsp;– the study of entities using geometric or geographic properties
* [[Time-series analysis]]&nbsp;– methods that attempt to understand a sequence of data points spaced apart at uniform time intervals