Editing Ancient Greek mathematics (section)

==Etymology==
The Greek word {{tlit|grc|mathēmatikē}} ({{lang|grc|μαθηματική}}) derives from {{tlit|grc|máthēma}} ({{lang|grc|μάθημα}} 'lesson'), and ultimately from the verb {{tlit|grc|manthánō}} ({{lang|grc|μανθάνω}} 'I learn'). Strictly speaking, a {{tlit|grc|máthēma}} could be any branch of learning, or anything learnt; however, since antiquity certain {{tlit|grc|mathēmatá}} were granted special status: [[arithmetic]], [[geometry]], [[astronomy]], and [[harmonics]].{{NoteTag|Arithmetic, which dealt with numbers, included not only basic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, but also what we would now consider algebra and number theory. Geometry ({{lit.|land mensuration}}) included not only plane and solid geometry and the theory of conic sections, but also optics. Astronomy dealt with phenomena related to the stars and the five planets, and fostered the development of astronomical models and trigonometry. Harmonics dealt primarily with the theory of music scales using means and ratios.}} These four {{tlit|grc|mathēmatá}}, which appear listed together around the time of Archytas and Plato, would later become the medieval [[quadrivium]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Heath |year=1931 |title=A Manual of Greek Mathematics |journal=Nature |volume=128 |issue=3235 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=_HZNr_mGFzQC&pg=PA5 5] |bibcode=1931Natur.128..739T |doi=10.1038/128739a0 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Furner |first=J. |date=2020 |title=Classification of the sciences in Greco-Roman antiquity |url=https://www.isko.org/cyclo/greco-roman.htm |access-date=2023-01-09 |website=www.isko.org}}</ref>