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Angling
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== Tackles == === Rod === [[File:Combat Fly Fishing in Baghdad DVIDS162856.jpg|thumb|Fishing rods]] {{main|Fishing rod}} A fishing rod is a long, thin stick/pole that acts as an extended lever and allows the angler to amplify line movements while luring and pulling the fish. It also enhances [[casting (fishing)|casting]] distance by lengthening the swing [[radius]] (compared to that of a [[human arm]]) and increasing the [[projectile motion#Velocity|launch speed]] of the [[terminal tackle]]s (the hook, bait/lure, and other co-launched attachments such as [[fishing float|float]] and [[fishing sinker|sinker]]/[[groundbait#Method feeder|feeder]]). Traditional fishing rods are made from single piece of [[hardwood]] (e.g. [[Fraxinus|ash]] and [[hickory]]) or [[bamboo]], while contemporary rods are usually made from [[alloy]]s (e.g. [[aluminium alloy|aluminium]]) or more often [[tensile strength|high-tensile]] [[composite material]]s such as [[fibreglass]] or [[carbon fiber]], and newer rod designs are often constructed from hollow [[substrate (materials science)|blank]]s to increase the [[specific strength]] and reduce the overall weight. Modern rods also may come in multi-piece or [[telescoping (mechanics)|telescoping]] forms, which are more portable and storage-friendly. ==== Types of Rods ==== Fishing rods are categorized based on the rod's intended use. The type of reel and/or the fishing technique being utilized will determine which type of rod a fisherman selects. The design and ergonomics of each rod type optimize them for the intended method of use. Types of fishing rods include: * Spinning Rods * Casting Rods * Fly Rods * Cane Pole Rods * Ice Fishing Rods * Auto-Setting Rods === Reel === [[File:Carretes de Pesca.jpg|thumb|A collection of fishing reels]] {{main|Fishing reel}} Fishing reels are manually [[Crank (mechanism)|cranked]] [[Reel|reels]] typically mounted onto a fishing rod, used to wind and stow fishing line<ref>[Shorter OED 1993]</ref> when a long casting distance or a prolonged retrieval is expected. Traditional fishing reels are essentially compact [[Windlass|windlasses]] with a "[[direct-drive]]" design, while modern reels since the [[Industrial Revolution]] typically are "multiplier" reels that use internal [[Gear train|gear trains]] to gain a higher [[rotational speed]]. Most reels made from the latter half of the 20th century onwards have smoother line guides, [[Pawl|anti-reverse]] designs, [[Clutch|gear disengagement]] mechanisms and sophisticated [[Fishing reel#Drag mechanisms|drag]] and braking adjustments to help casting farther, more accurately and reliably, and to provide optimal pulling forces when retrieving the line. === Hook === [[File:Fishhook.jpg|thumb|right|A [[fish hook]]]] {{main|Fish hook}} The use of the hook in angling is descended, historically, from what would today be called a ''gorge''. The word "gorge", in this context, comes from the French word meaning "throat". Gorges were used by ancient peoples to capture fish and animals like seal, walrus and birds. A gorge was a long, thin piece of bone or stone attached by its midpoint to a thin line. The gorge would be baited so that it would rest parallel to the lay of the line. When the game would swallow the bait, a tug on the line would cause the gorge to orient itself at right angles to the line, thereby sticking in the fish or animal's throat or [[esophagus|gullet]]. Gorges evolved into the modern fishing hook which is J-shaped with a loop on one end and a sharp point on the other. Most hooks have a barb near the point to better anchor the point and prevent a fish from unhooking itself while being reeled in. Some laws and regulations require hooks to be barbless, typically to facilitate [[catch and release]]. This rule is commonly implemented to protect populations of certain species, as a barbed hook could cause significant collateral lacerations (especially when it penetrates the gill) that can kill a fish even after released alive. === Line === [[File:Clear Fishing Line.jpg|thumb|A collection of fishing line stored on [[bobbin|spool]]s]] {{main|Fishing line}} Fishing lines are long, ultra-thin, flexible cords that may come in [[monofilament fishing line|monofilament]] or [[braided fishing line|braided]] [[multifilament fishing line|multifilament]] forms. Traditional fishing lines are made of silk, while most modern fishing lines are made from [[synthetic polymer]]s such as nylon, [[polyethylene]], [[polyvinylidene fluoride]] ("[[fluorocarbon]]") or [[copolymer]] materials.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The World Book Encyclopedia Volume 7|publisher=Field Enterprises Educational Corp.|year=1968}}</ref><ref>{{Citation | last = McNally | first = Bob | title = How to Pick the Right Kind of Fishing Line | date = 2 August 2019 | publisher = Outdoor World | publication-date = August 2, 2019 | url = https://www.outdoorlife.com/how-to-pick-right-kind-fishing-line/ }}</ref> Important specifications for a fishing line include its material and forms, [[breaking strength|test weight]], diameter, [[elastic deformation|stretch]], [[plastic deformation|memory]], abrasion resistance, UV resistance, and reflective and/or [[refractive]] visibility. === Bite indicator === [[File:Bite Alarms.jpg|thumb|Electronic bite alarms in the form of a rod holder rack]] {{main|Bite indicator|Fishing float|Quiver tip}} A bite indicator is any device that can help to notify the angler that the hook has been swallowed by a fish. There are many types of bite indicators, the oldest and most ubiquitously used being the [[fishing float]], a lightweight [[buoy#Marker buoys|marker buoy]] that floats at the water surface with the hook and bait suspended below it. When the fish swallows the hook, the leader line between the hook and the float pulls the float deeper into the water, causing it to oscillates in and out of water in a [[bobbing (boxing)|bobbing]]-like fashion (hence its [[American English]] name, the "bobber").<ref name="Float fishing">{{cite book | last = Lane| first = Billy| title = Float fishing: tackle and techniques for still and running water| publisher = Cassell | year = 1976| location = London|isbn = 0304294667}}</ref> Other bite indicators used in angling include: * Fishing bell β an (often plastic) [[bulldog clip]] attached to a pair of small [[jingle bell]]s, used often in [[surf fishing]] and [[bank fishing]] involving rod holders. When clipped onto the fishing rod, the bells will rattle when vibrations are transmitted onto the rod from the fishing line, and the sound can alert the angler.<ref name="bell alarm">{{cite web|url=https://www.fishingoutlet.com.au/what-you-should-know-about-fishing-bells-bite-alarms/#:~:text=To%20use%20your%20fishing%20bells,the%20fish%20nibbling%20your%20bait.|title=What You Should Know About Fishing Bells/Bite Alarms|date=2020-10-08|publisher=Fishing Outlet Blog|accessdate=2022-11-27}}</ref> * [[Quiver tip]] β a (typically removable) elastic extension to the distal end of the fishing rod, used in [[bottom fishing]] (which does not use floats) and often in conjunction with fishing bells. As the name suggests, the more flexible tip extension will amplify any vibration transmitted from the line to the rod, allowing the angler to see the tip "quiver" and be alerted to any changes along the line.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fish-uk.com/tackle-leger-fishing-guide-to-legering.htm|title=A Guide to Basic Legering, Leger Fishing|last=Boswell|first=Jim|publisher=Fish-UK.com|accessdate=2022-11-27}}</ref> * Bite alarm β an [[electronics|electronic]] [[alarm device]] comprising a [[buzzer]] and a [[piezoelectric sensor|vibration sensor]] that is placed in close contact with the fishing rod and/or line, designed to give off a [[bleep sound]] each time the line is tugged.<ref>[http://www.carp.net/faq/cfaq_3.htm#c3_5 Bite indicators]</ref> Bite alarms come in different sizes and forms, from compact devices that clips onto the rod like a fishing bell, to large multi-rod holder racks with different bleep tone and sound quality settings. Some bite alarms also incorporate [[LED]] lighting that can visually indicate in addition to the sound alert, in case the angler happens to temporarily wander away from the rod and cannot hear the sound clearly.<ref name="bell alarm"/>
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