Editing Animal testing (section)

==Definitions==
The terms ''animal testing, animal experimentation, animal research'', ''[[in vivo]]'' testing, and [[vivisection]] have similar [[denotation]]s but different [[connotation]]s. Literally, "vivisection" means "live sectioning" of an animal, and historically referred only to experiments that involved the [[dissection]] of live animals. The term is occasionally used to refer pejoratively to any experiment using living animals; for example, the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' defines "vivisection" as: "Operation on a living animal for experimental rather than healing purposes; more broadly, all experimentation on live animals",<ref name=croce>Croce, Pietro (1999). ''Vivisection or Science? An Investigation into Testing Drugs and Safeguarding Health''. Zed Books, {{ISBN|1-85649-732-1}}.</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9382118?query=Vivisection&ct= |title=Vivisection |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080101153454/https://www.britannica.com/ebc/article-9382118?query=Vivisection&ct= |archive-date=1 January 2008 |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |year=2007}}</ref><ref name=buavfaq>{{cite web |url=http://www.buav.org/pdf/VivisectionFAQs.pdf |title=Vivisection FAQ |publisher=British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513021651/http://www.buav.org/pdf/VivisectionFAQs.pdf |archive-date=13 May 2015 }}</ref> although dictionaries point out that the broader definition is "used only by people who are opposed to such work".<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=Vivisection |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia.com |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/divisions-diagnostics-and-procedures/medicine/vivisection#vivisection |access-date=2023-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia |entry=Vivisection |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vivisection |access-date=2023-05-05 |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |language=en |title=Definition of VIVISECTION }}</ref> The word has a negative connotation, implying torture, suffering, and death.<ref name=Carbone22/> The word "vivisection" is preferred by those opposed to this research, whereas scientists typically use the term "animal experimentation".<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Paixão RL, Schramm FR | title = Ethics and animal experimentation: what is debated? | journal = Cadernos de Saúde Pública | volume = 15 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 99–110 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10089552 | doi=10.1590/s0102-311x1999000500011 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>Yarri, Donna (2005). ''The Ethics of Animal Experimentation'', Oxford University Press U.S., {{ISBN|0-19-518179-4}}.</ref>

The following text excludes as much as possible practices related to ''in vivo'' [[veterinary surgery]], which is left to the discussion of [[vivisection]].