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Animals in space
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==Background== Animals had been used in aeronautic exploration since 1783 when the [[Montgolfier brothers]] sent a sheep, a duck, and a rooster aloft in a [[hot air balloon]] to see if ground-dwelling animals can survive (the duck serving as the [[experimental control]]). The limited supply of captured German [[V-2]] rockets led to the U.S. use of high-altitude balloon launches carrying fruit flies, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, frogs, goldfish and monkeys to heights of up to {{convert|44000|m|ft mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Beischer1962>{{cite journal |author1=Beischer, DE |author2=Fregly, AR |title=Animals and man in space. A chronology and annotated bibliography through the year 1960. |journal=US Naval School of Aviation Medicine |volume=ONR TR ACR-64 |issue=AD0272581 |year=1962 |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/9288 |access-date=14 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150811085105/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/handle/123456789/9288 |archive-date=11 August 2015 |url-status=usurped }}</ref> These [[high-altitude balloon]] flights from 1947 to 1960 tested [[radiation exposure]], physiological response, life support and recovery systems. The U.S. high-altitude manned balloon flights occurred in the same time frame, one of which also carried fruit flies.
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