Editing Anti-English sentiment (section)

==Within the United Kingdom==
British statesman and Prime Minister [[Benjamin Disraeli]] said that the proud English were sprung from "a horde of Baltic pirates who were never heard of in the greater annals of the world."<ref>{{cite journal|title=Israel: The Anglo-Jewish origins of the nation|author-link=David S. Katz|journal=Marginalia: LA Review of Books|url=https://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/israel-the-anglo-jewish-origins-of-the-nation/|access-date=16 June 2021|archive-date=24 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024163418/https://marginalia.lareviewofbooks.org/israel-the-anglo-jewish-origins-of-the-nation/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In his essay "[[Notes on Nationalism]]", written in May 1945 and published in the first issue of the intellectual magazine ''[[Polemic (magazine)|Polemic]]'' (October 1945), [[George Orwell]] wrote that "Welsh, Irish and Scottish nationalism have points of difference but are alike in their anti-English orientation".<ref name="Orwell 1">{{cite web
|title=George Orwell - Notes on Nationalism - Essay (see: Positive Nationalism (ii) Celtic Nationalism)
|url=http://www.george-orwell.org/Notes_on_Nationalism/0.html
|access-date=22 May 2009
|publisher=George-Orwell.org
|year=2003
|work=George Orwell - the complete works website
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807071204/http://www.george-orwell.org/Notes_on_Nationalism/0.html
|archive-date=7 August 2013
}}</ref>

===Scotland===
{{See also|Scottish national identity|Category:England–Scotland relations}}
In 1998, 19 year-old apprentice mechanic Mark Ayton was punched to the ground and kicked to death by three youths. Ayton's father explicitly cited his English accent as a factor contributing to the attack.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/gang-kicked-boy-to-death-because-he-had-an-english-accent-1160642.html | title=Gang kicked boy to death 'because he had an English accent' | website=[[Independent.co.uk]] | date=7 May 1998 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/30th-may-1998/12/a-very-scottish-death | title=A VERY SCOTTISH DEATH » 30 May 1998 » the Spectator Archive }}</ref> Court proceedings recorded that immediately before the attack, the attackers were singing ''[[Flower of Scotland]]'', which includes the lines "And sent them homeward, Tae think again": an allusion to ridding Scotland of the English.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/search-judgments/judgment?id=d34c87a6-8980-69d2-b500-ff0000d74aa7 | title=THE LORD ADVOCATE v. IAN ADAM WHELSON GRAHAM, JOHN PURVES AND ROSS GRAVESTOCK }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/533084.stm | title=BBC News &#124; SCOTLAND &#124; Killers freed on death anniversary }}</ref>

In 1999, an inspector and race relations officer with [[Lothian and Borders Police]] said that a correlation had been noticed between the establishment of the [[Scottish Parliament]] and anti-English incidents.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/antienglish-taunts-drive-family-over-the-border-1071347.html |title=Anti-English taunts drive family over the border |work=The Independent |date=17 February 1999 |access-date=21 May 2009 | location=London | first=Stephen | last=Goodwin|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102065217/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/antienglish-taunts-drive-family-over-the-border-1071347.html |archive-date=2 November 2012 }}</ref>

A 2005 study by Hussain and Millar of the Department of Politics at the [[University of Glasgow]] examined the prevalence of Anglophobia in relation to [[Islamophobia]] in Scotland. One finding of the report suggested that national "phobias" have common roots, independent of the nations towards whom they are directed. The study states that:

{{blockquote|Scottish identity comes close to rivalling low levels of education as an influence towards Anglophobia. Beyond that, having an English friend reduces Anglophobia by about as much as having a Muslim friend reduces Islamophobia. And lack of knowledge about Islam probably indicates a broader rejection of the 'other', for it has as much impact on Anglophobia as on Islamophobia.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.devolution.ac.uk/pdfdata/Briefing%2024%20-%20Hussain-Miller.pdf| title=Towards a Multicultural Nationalism? Anglophobia and Islamophobia in Scotland| last=Hussain| first=Asifa |author2=Miller, William| date=March 2005| work=Devolution Briefings: Briefing No. 24| publisher=Economic & Social Research Council| page=4| access-date=20 July 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603080246/http://www.devolution.ac.uk/pdfdata/Briefing%2024%20-%20Hussain-Miller.pdf| archive-date=2013-06-03}}</ref>}}

The study goes on to say (of the English living in Scotland): "Few of the English (only 16 per cent) see the conflict between Scots and English as even 'fairly serious'." The study found that Anglophobia was slightly less prevalent than Islamophobia but that, unlike Islamophobia, Anglophobia correlated with a strong sense of Scottish identity.

Hussain and Millar's research suggested that Anglophobia had fallen slightly since the introduction of [[Devolution in the United Kingdom|devolution]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.devolution.ac.uk/pdfdata/Briefing%2024%20-%20Hussain-Miller.pdf| title=Towards a Multicultural Nationalism? Anglophobia and Islamophobia in Scotland| last=Hussain| first=Asifa |author2=Miller, William| date=March 2005| work=Devolution Briefings: Briefing No. 24| publisher=Economic & Social Research Council| page=4| access-date=20 July 2008| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130603080246/http://www.devolution.ac.uk/pdfdata/Briefing%2024%20-%20Hussain-Miller.pdf| archive-date=2013-06-03}}</ref>

In 2009, a woman originally from England was assaulted in an allegedly anti-English racially motivated attack.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7826264.stm |title='Anti-English' punch hurts woman |work=BBC News |date=13 January 2009 |access-date=21 May 2009| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215061115/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/7826264.stm |archive-date=15 February 2009 }}</ref> Similar cases have been connected with football matches and tournaments, particularly international tournaments, in which the English and Scottish football teams often compete with each other.<ref>{{cite news | last=Urquhart |first=Frank |url=http://sport.scotsman.com/worldcupallegiance/Aberdeen-leaders-condemn-antiEnglish-attacks.2789878.jp |title=Aberdeen leaders condemn anti-English attacks in city - Scotsman.com Sport |publisher=Sport.scotsman.com |access-date=21 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Horne |first=Marc |url=http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Moderator-says-antiEnglish-bigotry-is.3786145.jp |title=Moderator says anti-English bigotry is 'like sectarianism' |work=Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com |access-date=21 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728085023/http://scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com/latestnews/Moderator-says-antiEnglish-bigotry-is.3786145.jp |archive-date=28 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/5139054.stm |title=England fan assaulted in Aberdeen |work=BBC News |date=3 July 2006 |access-date=21 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090121135410/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/5139054.stm |archive-date=21 January 2009 }}</ref> There was a spate of anti-English attacks in 2006 during the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|FIFA World Cup]].<ref>{{cite news| newspaper=[[The Times]]| title=Woman attacked in Scotland 'because she sounded English'| url=https://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article5512401.ece| author=Reid, Melanie| date=14 January 2009| access-date=16 April 2011| location=London| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110920181122/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article5512401.ece| archive-date=20 September 2011}}</ref> In one incident a 7-year-old boy wearing an England shirt was punched in the head in an Edinburgh park.<ref>{{cite news |title=Park disgrace as boy, 7, in England top punched by yob |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/park-disgrace-as-boy-7-in-england-top-punched-by-yob-1-989646 |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=4 August 2019 |work=The Scotsman}}</ref>

In 2017 Kevin McKenna, former Scottish Journalist of the Year, penned an article in ''The National'' labelling English people living in Scotland as "colonising wankers".<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/15045023.kevin-mckenna-were-colonised-by-wrs-time-for-scotland-to-show-self-respect/ | title=Kevin McKenna: We're colonised by w*****rs ... Time for Scotland to show self-respect | work=The National | date=25 January 2017 }}</ref>

In 2020, groups of Scottish nationalists picketed the English border, airports and railway stations sporting hazmat suits and dogs, intent on stopping English people from crossing the England-Scotland border.<ref>[https://www.scotsman.com/health/coronavirus/stay-the-fk-away-convoy-of-scottish-nationalists-attempt-blockade-on-english-border-2904148 Health. Coronavirus]</ref> The Scottish Secretary [[Alistair Jack]] accused Scotland's First Minister [[Nicola Sturgeon]] of having incited the incident by inaccurately using COVID statistics to stoke anti-English sentiment <ref>{{cite web | url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/alister-jack-nicola-sturgeon-coronavirus-133454980.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAEZAF2BQzXYwc97qrtoUCp3MNwH69TSDOjfmVqpyzoplGK0lomvjxN_AG_QHgIT0l9xZM7zrWbqKodp_J6cr-NTbuGf-gWCtq65qc7FWUQ8gTY2JVttfE23iQr158ze4mt7Ji8tylzeqOuVma1DyAt4HLCuz2eW6-XGIJtQU-vz9 | title=Minister accuses Nicola Sturgeon of inflaming tensions at English-Scottish border | date=17 September 2020 }}</ref>

===Wales===
{{See also|Cultural relationship between the Welsh and the English}}
The [[Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542]], also known as the "Acts of Union", passed by the [[Parliament of England]], annexed Wales to the [[Kingdom of England]] and replaced the [[Welsh language]] and [[Welsh law]] with the [[English language]] and [[English law]].<ref name="Deddf Uno 1536">{{cite web| title=Laws in Wales Act 1535 (repealed 21.12.1993) (c.26) |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1517920&versionNumber=1 |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information]] |year=2010 |work=[[UK Statute Law Database]] website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080102012041/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=1517920&versionNumber=1 |archive-date=2 January 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Deddf Uno 1543">{{cite web|title=Laws in Wales Act 1542 (repealed) (c.26) |url=http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=Laws+In+Wales&Year=1542&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1518015&ActiveTextDocId=1518015&filesize=1403 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121223221425/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?LegType=All+Legislation&title=Laws+In+Wales&Year=1542&searchEnacted=0&extentMatchOnly=0&confersPower=0&blanketAmendment=0&sortAlpha=0&TYPE=QS&PageNumber=1&NavFrom=0&parentActiveTextDocId=1518015&ActiveTextDocId=1518015&filesize=1403 |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 December 2012 |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information]] |year=2010 |work=[[UK Statute Law Database|The UK Statute Law Database]] website }}</ref> Section 20 of the 1535 Act made English the only language of the [[law courts]] and stated that those who used Welsh would not be appointed to any [[public office]] in Wales.<ref name="Deddf Uno 1536"/> The Welsh language was supplanted in many public spheres. Much later, the [[Welsh Not]] was used in some schools to suppress the use of the Welsh language. This was never government policy, and was later described as a symbol of English cultural oppression.<ref name="Welsh not BBC">{{cite web| title= The Welsh language in 19th century education |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/language_education.shtml |access-date=11 November 2010 |publisher=[[BBC Cymru Wales]] |year=2010 |work=[[BBC Cymru Wales|BBC Cymru Wales history]] website |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140428073446/http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/society/language_education.shtml |archive-date=28 April 2014 }}</ref>

Since the [[Glyndŵr Rising]] of the early 15th century, Welsh nationalism has been primarily non-violent.<ref name="Kivisto, P. 2002 p.129">Kivisto, P. (2002). Multiculturalism in a global society. Oxford. p.129</ref> The Welsh militant group [[Meibion Glyndŵr]] ({{langx|en|Sons of [[Owain Glyndŵr|[Owain] Glyndŵr]]}}) were responsible for arson attacks on English-owned second homes in Wales from 1979 to 1994, motivated by cultural anti-English sentiment.<ref name="Kivisto, P. 2002 p.129"/> Meibion Glyndŵr also attempted arson against several estate agents in Wales and England and against the offices of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] in London.<ref name="guardian1">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/Archive/Article/0,4273,4365404,00.html |title=Wales swamped by tide of English settlers |first=David |last=Ward |work=The Guardian|date=1 March 2002 |access-date=21 May 2009 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040923193755/http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0%2C4273%2C4365404%2C00.html |archive-date=23 September 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=H7T-f_QiVHkC&pg=PA129 | title = Multiculturalism in a global society | first = Peter | last = Kivisto | publisher = Wiley-Blackwell | year = 2002 | access-date =21 May 2009 | isbn = 978-0-631-22194-4 }}</ref>

In 2000, the Chairman of [[Swansea]] Bay Race Equality Council said that "Devolution has brought a definite increase in anti-English behaviour", citing three women who believed that they were being discriminated against in their careers because they could not speak Welsh.<ref>{{cite news| last=Milmo |first=Cahal |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/english-the-victims-of-racism-in-wales-710971.html |title=English the victims of racism in Wales - This Britain, UK |work=The Independent|date=4 August 2000 |access-date=21 May 2009 | location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140312225340/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/english-the-victims-of-racism-in-wales-710971.html |archive-date=12 March 2014 }}</ref> In 2001 [[Dafydd Elis-Thomas]], a former leader of [[Plaid Cymru]], said that there was an anti-English strand to Welsh nationalism.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1716615.stm | work=BBC News | title=Attack on '19th century' nationalism | date=18 December 2001 | access-date=30 March 2010| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021083951/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/1716615.stm | archive-date=21 October 2007 }}</ref>

On 21 April 2023, it was reported that [[Plaid Cymru]] councillor, Terry Davies had been suspended for a rant of discriminatory xenophobia. Davies referred to two colleagues as "outsiders" after telling them that "Wales is for  Welsh people."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-65353057|title=Councillor suspended for 'Wales is for Welsh people' rant|work=BBC News, BBC|date=21 April 2023|accessdate=22 April 2023}}</ref>

On 11 January 2024, It was reported that a note had been sent to an address in [[Aberystwyth]], in [[Ceredigion]], with racial slurs about English people from [[Birmingham]]. The note called for [[Brummie dialect|Brummie]]s to "go back home to Brummyland". It also called the [[West Midlands English|West Midlands accent]] "vomit-inducing", and urged the occupant to "take a few thousand other people back with them". [[Dyfed-Powys Police]] treated the note as a [[hate crime]]. It read: "Iorwerth Ave was once a nice, quiet, pleasant residential area until a load of [people] from the [[Midlands]] hit", and "Low-life like you should be forced to live in fenced in sites, preferably back where you came from."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-67935426|title=Aberystwyth: 'Go back to Brummyland' note a hate crime - police|first=Paul|last=Pigott|work=BBC News, BBC Wales|date=11 January 2024|accessdate=11 January 2023}}</ref>

===Northern Ireland===
During [[the Troubles]], the [[Irish Republican Army]] (IRA) mainly attacked targets in Northern Ireland and England, not Scotland or Wales, although the IRA planted a bomb at [[Sullom Voe Terminal]] in [[Shetland]] during a visit by the Queen in May 1981.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1201738.stm | work=BBC News | title=The IRA campaigns in England | date=4 March 2001| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090129121311/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1201738.stm | archive-date=29 January 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.shetlandtimes.co.uk/2009/10/27/mi5-blamed-bp-for-security-lapse-before-ira-bomb-attack-on-queen-at-sullom-voe|title=MI5 blamed BP for security lapse before IRA bomb attack on Queen at Sullom Voe|date=27 October 2009}}</ref> The ancestry of most people in the Loyalist and Unionist communities is [[Ulster Scots people|Scottish]] rather than English.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}} In the [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestant]] community, the English are identified with British politicians and are sometimes resented for their perceived abandonment of loyalist communities.<ref>Bruce, S. (1994). ''The Edge of the Union: The Ulster Loyalist Political Vision.'' Oxford, Oxford Univ. Press.</ref>