Editing Antispasmodic (section)

==Smooth muscle spasm==
One type of antispasmodics is used for [[smooth muscle]] relaxation, especially in tubular organs of the [[gastrointestinal tract]]. The effect is to prevent spasms of the [[stomach]], [[intestine]] or [[urinary bladder]].
Both [[dicyclomine]] and [[hyoscyamine]] are antispasmodic due to their [[anticholinergic]] action.{{medcn|date=January 2024}} Both of these drugs have side effects common to anticholinergics and can worsen [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] (GERD).<ref>{{cite journal |pmid=16370407 |url=http://www.aafp.org/link_out?pmid=16370407 |year=2005 |last1=Hadley |first1=S. K. |title=Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome |journal=American Family Physician |volume=72 |issue=12 |pages=2501–6 |last2=Gaarder |first2=S. M. }}</ref>

[[Papaverine]] is an [[opium]] [[alkaloid]] used to treat [[visceral]] spasms, particularly those of the intestines.<ref name=PMID16159054>{{cite journal | vauthors = Liu JK, Couldwell WT | title = Intra-arterial papaverine infusions for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm induced by aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage | journal = Neurocritical Care | volume = 2 | issue = 2 | pages = 124–132 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16159054 | doi = 10.1385/NCC:2:2:124 | s2cid = 35400205 }}</ref> [[Mebeverine]] is a papaverine analog and spasmolytic with a strong and selective action on the smooth muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, particularly of the colon. Despite being anticholinergic, it does not have the systemic anticholinergic side effects seen in other such drugs.<ref name=UKlabel2016>{{cite web|title=Colofac Tablets 135mg - Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/2067|publisher=UK Electronic Medicines Compendium|access-date=21 July 2017|language=en|date=26 August 2016}}</ref>

[[Peppermint oil]] has been traditionally used as an antispasmodic, and a review of studies on the topic found that it "could be efficacious for symptom relief in [[irritable bowel syndrome|IBS]]"<ref name="pmid9672344">{{cite journal |pmid=9672344 |title=Peppermint oil for irritable bowel syndrome: A critical review and metaanalysis |journal=The American Journal of Gastroenterology |volume=93 |issue=7 |pages=1131–5 |year=1998 |last1=Pittler |first1=M.H. |last2=Ernst |first2=E. }}</ref> (as an antispasmodic) although more carefully controlled studies are needed. A later study showed it is an effective antispasmodic when test-applied topically to the intestine during [[endoscopy]].<ref name="pmid12665756">{{cite journal |doi=10.1067/mge.2003.156 |pmid=12665756 |title=Peppermint oil reduces gastric spasm during upper endoscopy: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled trial |journal=Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |volume=57 |issue=4 |pages=475–82 |year=2003 |last1=Hiki |first1=Naki |last2=Kurosaka |first2=Hanzou |last3=Tatsutomi |first3=Yusuke |last4=Shimoyama |first4=Shouji |last5=Tsuji |first5=Eiichi |last6=Kojima |first6=Junichi |last7=Shimizu |first7=Nobuyuki |last8=Ono |first8=Hitoshi |last9=Hirooka |first9=Tatsuo |last10=Noguchi |first10=Chiaki |last11=Mafune |first11=Ken-Ichi |last12=Kaminishi |first12=Michio }}</ref>

Bamboo shoots have been used for gastrointestinal and antispasmodic symptoms.{{medcn|date=January 2024}}

[[Anisotropine]], [[atropine]], [[clidinium bromide]] are also the most commonly used modern antispasmodics.{{CN|date=June 2019}}