Editing Apokatastasis (section)

==Etymology and definition==
While apokatastasis is derived from the Greek verb ''apokathistemi'', which means "to restore", it first emerged as a doctrine in [[Zoroastrianism]] where it is the third time of creation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The New Encyclopedia of Islam|last1=Glassé|first1=Cyril|last2=Smith|first2=Huston|date=2003|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=0-7591-0190-6|location=Walnut Creek, California|pages=[https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/53 53]|url=https://archive.org/details/newencyclopediao0000glas/page/53}}</ref> This period was referred to as ''wizarishn'' or the end of history—the time of separation and resolution<ref>{{Cite book|title=Zoroastrianism: An Introduction|last=Rose|first=Jenny|date=2014|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-84885-087-3|location=London|page=111}}</ref> when evil is destroyed and the world is restored to its original state.<ref name=":0" /> The idea of apokatastasis may have been derived from the ancient concept of cosmic cycle, which involves the notion of celestial bodies returning to their original positions after a period of time.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Poetry of Weldon Kees: Vanishing as Presence|last=Irwin|first=John|date=2017|publisher=JHU Press|isbn=978-1-4214-2261-9|location=Baltimore, Maryland|page=40}}</ref>

The entry in ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]]'' (i.e. ''Liddell–Scott–Jones'', with expansion of definitions and references), gives the following examples of usage:

{{quote|'''ἀποκατάστᾰσις''', εως, ἡ, restoration, re-establishment;
* "τοῦ ἐνδεοῦς" [[Aristotle]] ''[[Magna Moralia|MM]]'', 1205a4; into its nature εἰς φύσιν id. 1204b 36, 1205b 11;
* return to a position, [[Epicurus]], ''Epistolae'', 1, p.8 U.;
* especially of military formations, reversal of a movement, [[Asclepiodotus (philosopher)|Asclepiodotus]], ''Tacticus'', 10.1, 10:6, etc.; generally
* of all things "πάντων" ''[[Acts of the Apostles]]'', 3.21;
* of souls, [[Proclus]], ''Institutio Theologica'', 199.
* of the body back into its old form "τῆς φύσιος ἐς τὸ ἀρχαῖον" [[Aretaeus of Cappadocia]] CD 1.5;  recovery from sickness, SA 1.10;
* "τῶν ὁμήρων εἰς τὰς πατρίδας" [[Polybius]] 3.99.6;  εἰς ἀ. ἐλθεῖν, into the restoration of the affairs of a city, 4.23.1;
Astrological uses:
* ἀ. ἄστρων return of the stars to the same place in the heavens as in the former year, [[Plutarch]] 2.937f, [[Diodorus Siculus]] 12.36, etc., particularly the restoration of the wandering [[Egyptian calendar|Egyptian New Year]] to the [[heliacal rising]] of [[Sirius]] at the completion of the [[Sothic cycle]];<ref>{{citation |last=Gautschy |first=Rita |title=The Star Sirius in Ancient Egypt and Babylonia |url=http://www.gautschy.ch/~rita/archast/sirius/siriuseng.htm |year=2012 }}.</ref>
* periodic return of the cosmic cycle, [[Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta]] 2.184,190; that is, completion of the c. 26,000 year cycle of the precession of the equinoxes, the so called "Great Year";
* of a planet, return to a place in the heavens occupied at a former epoch, [[Antiochus of Athens]] ap. Cat.Cod.Astr. 7.120,121; but, zodiacal revolution, [[Paulus Alexandrinus]] Paul.Al.T.1; opposite: '''antapocatastasis''' ἀνταπ. (q. v.), [[Dorotheus of Sidon]] Doroth. ap. Cat.Cod.Astr.2.196.9;
* restoration of sun and moon after eclipse, [[Plato]] ''[[Axiochus (dialogue)|Axiochus]]'' 370b.}}

The word is reasonably common in [[papyri]].<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/wordfreq?lang=greek&lookup=a%29pokata%2Fstasis Perseus database entries for ''apokatastasis''] listing as follows:{{poemquote|
1 [[Friedrich Preisigke]], ''Sammelbuch griechischer Urkunden aus Aegypten'';
7 P.Oxy., The [[Oxyrhynchus Papyri]];
7 [[Polybius]], Histories;
2 [[Josephus]], [[Antiquities of the Jews]];
2 [[Diodorus Siculus]], Library;
3 Stud.Pal., ''Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde'';
1 Acts 3:21 [[New Testament]];
1 PSI, ''Papiri greci e latini'';
1 [[Diogenes Laërtius]], ''[[Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers]]'';
2 P.Cair.Masp., ''Papyrus grecs d'époque byzantine'', Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire;
3 P.Ryl, [[Rylands Papyri]];
1 P.Col., Columbia Papyri;
2 P.Flor., Papiri greco-egizii, ''[[Papiri Fiorentini]]'';
3 [[Aretaeus of Cappadocia]], The Extant Works of Aretaeus, The Cappadocian;
1 UPZ, ''Urkunden der Ptolemäerzeit'' (ältere Funde);
1 P.Ross.Georg., Papyri russischer und georgischer Sammlungen;
1 P.Cair.Isid., The [[Archive of Aurelius Isidorus]] in the [[Egyptian Museum]], Cairo, and the University of Michigan;
1 P.Abinn., The [[Abinnaeus Archive]]: Papers of a Roman Officer in the Reign of Constantius II;
1 Pap.Choix, Choix de papyrus grecs: Essai de traitement automatique;
1 P.Athen.Xyla, P.Sta.Xyla: The Byzantine Papyri of the Greek Papyrological Society,;
1 O.Joach., Die Prinz-Joachim-Ostraka}}</ref>