Editing Apollo (section)

==Etymology==
[[File:Palestra grande di pompei, affreschi di Moregine, terzo triclinio, IV stile, epoca neroniana, 05 apollo.jpg|thumb|upright|Apollo, fresco from [[Pompeii]], 1st century AD]]
Apollo ([[Attic Greek|Attic]], [[Ionic Greek|Ionic]], and [[Homeric Greek]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀπόλλων}}, {{transliteration|grc|Apollōn}} ({{small|[[Genitive|GEN]]}} {{lang|grc|Ἀπόλλωνος}}); [[Doric Greek|Doric]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}, {{transliteration|grc|Apellōn}}; [[Arcadocypriot Greek|Arcadocypriot]]: {{lang|grc|Ἀπείλων}}, {{transliteration|grc|Apeilōn}}; [[Aeolic Greek|Aeolic]]: {{lang|grc|Ἄπλουν}}, {{transliteration|grc|Aploun}}; {{langx|la|Apollō}})

The name ''Apollo''—unlike the related [[List of Mycenaean deities|older name]] ''[[Paean (god)|Paean]]''—is generally not found in the [[Linear B]] ([[Mycenean Greek]]) texts, although there is a possible attestation in the [[Lacuna (manuscripts)|lacunose]] form '']pe-rjo-['' (Linear B: ]{{lang|gmy|{{script|Linb|𐀟𐁊}}}}-[) on the [[Knossos|KN]] E 842 tablet,<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 118.</ref><ref>{{cite journal |journal=Internationale Archäologie|title=Apollon Delphinios – Apollon Didymeus: Zwei Gesichter eines milesischen Gottes und ihr Bezug zur Kolonisation Milets in archaischer Zeit|first=Alexander|last=Herda|url=https://www.academia.edu/515462|page=16|date=2008|volume=Arbeitsgemeinschaft, Symposium, Tagung, Kongress. Band 11: Kult(ur)kontakte. Apollon in Milet/Didyma, Histria, Myus, Naukratis und auf Zypern. Akten des Table Ronde in Mainz vom 11.–12. März 2004|language=de|isbn=978-3-89646-441-5}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=DĀMOS: Database of Mycenaean at Oslo|url=http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/|publisher=[[University of Oslo]]. Department of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas|chapter=KN 842 E|chapter-url=https://www2.hf.uio.no/damos/Index/item/chosen_item_id/775|access-date=15 December 2014|archive-date=15 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161215135205/http://www.hf.uio.no/ifikk/english/research/projects/damos/|url-status=dead}}</ref> though it has also been suggested that the name might actually read "[[Hyperion (Titan)|Hyperion]]" ([u]-pe-rjo-[ne]).<ref>{{cite book |first1=Felicia |last1=Logozzo |first2=Paolo |last2=Poccetti |title=Ancient Greek Linguistics: New Approaches, Insights, Perspectives |date=7 November 2017 |publisher=Walter de Gruyter |pages=644 |isbn=9783110551754 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llA_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA644}}</ref>

The [[etymology]] of the name is uncertain. The spelling {{lang|grc|Ἀπόλλων}} ({{IPA|el|a.pól.lɔːn|pron}} in [[Attic Greek|Classical Attic]]) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the [[common era]], but the [[Dorians|Doric]] form, {{transliteration|grc|Apellon}} ({{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}), is more archaic, as it is derived from an earlier {{lang|grc|*Ἀπέλjων}}. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month ''Apellaios'' ({{lang|grc|Ἀπελλαῖος}}),<ref name="DDD">{{cite book |last1=van der Toorn |first1=Karel |last2=Becking |first2=Bob |last3=van der Horst |first3=Pieter Willem |title=Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PHgUAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA73 |year=1999 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-11119-6 |page=73}}</ref> and the offerings {{transliteration|grc|[[apellaia]]}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπελλαῖα}}) at the initiation of the young men during the family-festival {{transliteration|grc|apellai}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}}).<ref>"The young men became grown-up {{transliteration|grc|[[kouros|kouroi]]}}, and Apollon was the {{transliteration|grc|megistos kouros}} (The Great Kouros) : Jane Ellen Harrison (2010): ''Themis: A study to the Social origins of Greek Religion'' Cambridge University Press. pp. 439–441, {{ISBN|1108009492}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Leiden |first1=E. J. |title=Visible Religion. Volume IV–V. Approaches to Iconology |date=1985 |publisher=Brill |pages=143 |isbn=9004077723 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UesUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA143}}</ref> According to some scholars, the words are derived from the Doric word {{transliteration|grc|apella}} ({{lang|grc|ἀπέλλα}}), which originally meant "wall", "fence for animals" and later "assembly within the limits of the square".<ref name=Nilsson556>The word usually appears in plural: [[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychius]]: {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}} ({{transliteration|grc|apellai}}), {{lang|grc|σηκοί}} ("folds"), {{lang|grc|ἐκκλησίαι}} ("assemblies"), {{lang|grc|ἀρχαιρεσίαι}} ("elections"): Nilsson, Vol. I, p. 556</ref><ref>Doric Greek verb: {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλάζειν}} ("to assemble"), and the festival {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλαι}} {{transliteration|grc|apellai}}), which surely belonged to Apollo. Nilsson, Vol I, p. 556.</ref> [[Apella]] ({{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλα}}) is the name of the popular assembly in Sparta,<ref name=Nilsson556/> corresponding to the {{transliteration|grc|[[Ecclesia (ancient Athens)|ecclesia]]}} ({{lang|grc|ἐκκλησία}}). [[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]] rejected the connection of the theonym with the noun {{transliteration|grc|apellai}} and suggested a [[Pre-Greek]] proto-form *''Apal<sup>y</sup>un''.<ref>Beekes, 2009, pp. 115, 118–119.</ref>

Several instances of [[popular etymology]] are attested by ancient authors. Thus, the Greeks most often associated Apollo's name with the Greek verb {{lang|grc|ἀπόλλυμι}} ({{transliteration|grc|apollymi}}), "to destroy".<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike |last=Campbell |url=http://www.behindthename.com/php/view.php?name=apollo |title=Meaning, Origin and History of the Name Apollo |publisher=Behind the Name |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref> [[Plato]] in ''[[Cratylus]]'' connects the name with {{lang|grc|ἀπόλυσις}} ({{transliteration|grc| apolysis}}), "redemption", with {{lang|grc|ἀπόλουσις}} (''apolousis''), "purification", and with {{lang|grc|ἁπλοῦν}} ({{transliteration|grc|[h]aploun}}), "simple",<ref>The {{lang|grc|ἁπλοῦν}} suggestion is repeated by [[Plutarch]] in ''[[Moralia]]'' in the sense of "[[1 (number)|unity]]".</ref> in particular in reference to the Thessalian form of the name, {{lang|grc|Ἄπλουν}}, and finally with {{lang|grc|Ἀειβάλλων}} ({{transliteration|grc|aeiballon}}), "ever-shooting". [[Hesychius of Alexandria|Hesychius]] connects the name Apollo with the Doric {{lang|grc|ἀπέλλα}} ({{transliteration|grc|apella}}), which means "assembly", so that Apollo would be the god of political life, and he also gives the explanation {{lang|grc|σηκός}} ({{transliteration|grc|sekos}}), "fold", in which case Apollo would be the god of flocks and herds.{{sfn|Freese|1911|p=184}} In the [[ancient Macedonian language]] {{lang|grc|πέλλα}} ({{transliteration|grc|pella}}) means "stone",<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 1168.</ref> and some [[toponyms]] may be derived from this word: {{lang|grc|Πέλλα}} ([[Pella]],<ref>{{LSJ|pe/lla|πέλλα|ref}}.</ref> the capital of [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|ancient Macedonia]]) and {{lang|grc|Πελλήνη}} (''Pellēnē''/''[[Pellene]]'').<ref>Nilsson Vol I, p. 558</ref>

The [[Hittite language|Hittite]] form ''[[Apaliunas]]'' (''<sup>d</sup>''{{lang|hit-Latn|x-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš}}) is attested in the [[Manapa-Tarhunta letter]].<ref>The reading of ''Apaliunas'' and the possible identification with Apollo is due to [[Emil Forrer]] (1931). It was doubted by [[Paul Kretschmer|Kretschmer]], ''Glotta'' XXIV, p. 250. Martin Nilsson (1967), Vol I, p. 559</ref> The [[Hittite language|Hittite]] testimony reflects an early form ''{{lang|grc-Latn|*Apeljōn}}'', which may also be surmised from the comparison of Cypriot {{lang|grc|Ἀπείλων}} with Doric {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλλων}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Angel |first1=John L. |last2=Mellink |first2=Machteld Johanna | title = Troy and the Trojan War: A Symposium Held at Bryn Mawr College, October 1984| year = 1986| publisher = Bryn Mawr Commentaries| isbn = 978-0-929524-59-7| page = 42 }}</ref> The name of the Lydian god ''Qλdãns'' /{{IPA|kʷʎðãns}}/ may reflect an earlier /{{IPA|kʷalyán}}-/ before palatalization, syncope, and the pre-Lydian sound change *{{IPA|y}} ''>'' {{IPA|d}}.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pgQowuFZeLUC&pg=PA338|title=Anatolian Historical Phonology|last=Melchert|first=Harold Craig|date=1994|publisher=Rodopi|isbn=978-9051836974|language=en}}</ref> Note the labiovelar in place of the labial /{{IPA|p}}/ found in pre-Doric {{lang|grc|Ἀπέλjων}} and Hittite ''Apaliunas''. A [[Luwian language|Luwian]] etymology suggested for ''Apaliunas'' makes Apollo "The One of Entrapment", perhaps in the sense of "Hunter".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Immerwahr |first1=Sara Anderson |last2=Chapin |first2=Anne Proctor | title = Charis: Essays in Honor of Sara A. Immerwahr|url=https://archive.org/details/charisessayshono00chap |url-access=limited | year = 2004| publisher = Amer School of Classical| isbn = 978-0-87661-533-1| page = [https://archive.org/details/charisessayshono00chap/page/n291 254] }}</ref>

===Greco-Roman epithets===
Apollo's chief [[epithet]] was '''Phoebus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|b|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Phoebus.wav}} {{respell|FEE|bəs}}; {{lang|grc|Φοῖβος}}, ''Phoibos'' {{IPA|el|pʰó͜i.bos}}), literally "bright".<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 1582.</ref> It was very commonly used by both the Greeks and Romans for Apollo's role as the god of light. Like other Greek deities, he had a number of others applied to him, reflecting the variety of roles, duties, and aspects ascribed to the god. However, while Apollo has a great number of appellations in Greek myth, only a few occur in [[Latin literature]].

====Sun====
*'''Aegletes''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|ɡ|l|iː|t|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Aegletes.wav}} {{respell|ə|GLEE|teez}}; {{lang|grc|Αἰγλήτης}}, ''Aiglētēs''), from {{lang|grc|αἴγλη}}, "light of the Sun"<ref>[[Apollonius of Rhodes]], 2.1730;''[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]]'', [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D9%3Asection%3D26 1.9.26].</ref> 
*'''Helius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|iː|l|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Helius.wav}} {{respell|HEE|lee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἥλιος}}, ''[[Helios]]''), literally "Sun"<ref name="simbolismo">{{cite book| last = Álvaro Jr., Santos| first = Allan| title = Simbolismo divino| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=uAiConL3xyYC| publisher = Allan Álvaro, Jr., Santos }}</ref> 
*'''[[Apollo Lyceus|Lyceus]]''' ({{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|s|iː|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Lyceus.wav}} {{respell|ly|SEE|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Λύκειος}}, ''Lykeios'', from [[Proto-Greek language|Proto-Greek]] *{{lang|grc|λύκη}}), "light". The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother [[Leto]], who was the patron goddess of [[Lycia]] ({{lang|grc|Λυκία}}) and who was identified with the wolf ({{lang|grc|λύκος}}).<ref>Aelian, ''On the Nature of Animals'' 4. 4 (A.F. Scholfield, tr.)</ref>
*'''Phanaeus''' ({{IPAc-en|f|ə|ˈ|n|iː|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Phanaeus.wav}} {{respell|fə|NEE|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Φαναῖος}}, ''Phanaios''), literally "giving or bringing light"
*'''Phoebus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|iː|b|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Phoebus.wav}} {{respell|FEE|bəs}}; {{lang|grc|Φοῖβος}}, ''Phoibos''), literally "bright", his most commonly used epithet by both the Greeks and Romans
*'''[[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]]''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|s|ɒ|l|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Sol.wav}}), "Sun" in Latin

====Wolf====
*'''Lycegenes''' ({{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɛ|dʒ|ən|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Lycegenes.wav}} {{respell|ly|SEJ|ən|eez}}; {{lang|grc|Λυκηγενής}}, ''Lukēgenēs''), literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia"
*'''Lycoctonus''' ({{IPAc-en|l|aɪ|ˈ|k|ɒ|k|t|ə|n|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Lycoctonus.wav}} {{respell|ly|KOK|tə|nəs}}; {{lang|grc|Λυκοκτόνος}}, ''Lykoktonos''), from {{lang|grc|λύκος}}, "wolf", and {{lang|grc|κτείνειν}}, "to kill"

====Origin and birth====
Apollo's birthplace was [[Cynthus|Mount Cynthus]] on the island of [[Delos]].

*'''Cynthius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|θ|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Cynthius.wav}} {{respell|SIN|thee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Κύνθιος}}, ''Kunthios''), literally "Cynthian"
*'''Cynthogenes''' ({{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|n|ˈ|θ|ɒ|dʒ|ᵻ|n|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Cynthogenes.wav}} {{respell|sin|THOJ|in|eez}}; {{lang|grc|Κυνθογενής}}, ''Kynthogenēs''), literally "born of Cynthus"
*'''Delius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|iː|l|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Delius.wav}} {{respell|DEE|lee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Δήλιος}}, ''Delios''), literally "Delian"
*'''Didymaeus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|ɪ|d|ᵻ|ˈ|m|iː|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Didymaeus.wav}} {{respell|DID|im|EE|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Διδυμαῖος}}, ''Didymaios'') from δίδυμος, "twin", as the twin of [[Artemis]]

====Place of worship====
[[Delphi]] and [[Actium]] were his primary places of worship.<ref>[[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D13%3Acard%3D705 13.715].</ref><ref>[[Strabo]], x. p. 451</ref>

*'''Acraephius''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|k|r|iː|f|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Acraephius.wav}} {{respell|ə|KREE|fee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀκραίφιος}}, ''Akraiphios'', literally "Acraephian") or '''Acraephiaeus''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˌ|k|r|iː|f|i|ˈ|iː|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Acraephiaeus.wav}} {{respell|ə|KREE|fee|EE|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀκραιφιαίος}}, ''Akraiphiaios''), "Acraephian", from the [[Boeotia]]n town of [[Acraephia (Boeotia)|Acraephia]] ({{lang|grc|Ἀκραιφία}}), reputedly founded by his son [[Acraepheus]].<ref>Wiliam Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology [http://quod.lib.umich.edu/m/moa/acl3129.0001.001/29?page=root;rgn=full+text;size=100;view=image Acraepheus ]</ref>
*'''Actiacus''' ({{IPAc-en|æ|k|ˈ|t|aɪ|ə|k|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Actiacus.wav}} {{respell|ak|TY|ə|kəs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἄκτιακός}}, ''Aktiakos''), literally "Actian", after Actium ({{lang|grc|Ἄκτιον}})
*'''Delphinius''' ({{IPAc-en|d|ɛ|l|ˈ|f|ɪ|n|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Delphinius.wav}} {{respell|del|FIN|ee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Δελφίνιος}}, ''Delphinios''), literally "Delphic", after Delphi (Δελφοί). An [[etiology]] in the ''[[Homeric Hymns]]'' associated this with dolphins.
*'''[[Epactaeus]]''', meaning "god worshipped on the coast", in [[Samos]].<ref>{{Cite DGRBM|first=Leonhard|last=Schmitz| title=Epactaeus|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=epactaeus-bio-1&highlight=epactaeus|short=}}</ref>
*'''Pythius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɪ|θ|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Pythius.wav}} {{respell|PITH|ee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Πύθιος}}, ''Puthios'', from Πυθώ, ''Pythō''), from the region around Delphi
*'''[[Apollo Smintheus|Smintheus]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|m|ɪ|n|θj|uː|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Smintheus.wav}} {{respell|SMIN|thewss}}; {{lang|grc|Σμινθεύς}}, ''Smintheus''), "Sminthian"—that is, "of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe"<ref name="LSJsmintheus">{{LSJ|*sminqeu/s|Σμινθεύς|shortref}}.</ref> near the [[Troad]] town of [[Hamaxitus]]<ref>The epithet "Smintheus" has historically been confused with {{lang|grc|σμίνθος}}, "mouse", in association with Apollo's role as a god of disease</ref>
*'''Napaian Apollo''' ({{lang|grc|Ἀπόλλων Ναπαῖος}}), from the city of [[Nape (Lesbos)|Nape]] at the island of [[Lesbos]]<ref>[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/nu/31 Suda, nu, 31]</ref>
*'''Eutresites''', from the city of [[Eutresis (Boeotia)|Eutresis]].<ref name="Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities"/>
[[File:Praxiteles - Apollo the Python-Slayer - 2004.30 - Cleveland Museum of Art.jpg|thumb|upright|Statue of [[Apollo Sauroctonus]] attributed to [[Praxiteles]] c. 340 BC, [[Cleveland Museum of Art]]]]
*'''Ixios''' (Ἴξιος), derived from a district in [[Rhodes]] called Ixiae or Ixia.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0062%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DI%3Aentry+group%3D9%3Aentry%3Dixios-harpers Harry Thurston Peck, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities (1898), Ixios]</ref>

====Healing and disease====
[[File:Apollo, torso of cult statue, ivory, gold, 550 BC, AM Delphi, 060068.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Chryselephantine statues at Delphi|Chryselephantine statue]] of Apollo in Delphi, mid-6th century B.C.]]
*'''Acesius''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|iː|ʒ|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Acesius.wav}} {{respell|ə|SEE|zhəs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀκέσιος}}, ''Akesios''), from {{lang|grc|ἄκεσις}}, "healing". Acesius was the epithet of Apollo worshipped in [[Elis (city)|Elis]], where he had a temple in the [[agora]].<ref name="Smith">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DA%3Aentry+group%3D2%3Aentry%3Dacesius-bio-1|chapter=Acesius|last=Smith|first=William|title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology|year=1873 |via=Perseus Digital Library at Tufts University}}</ref>
*'''[[Acestor]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|s|ɛ|s|t|ər|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Acestor.wav}} {{respell|ə|SESS|tər}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀκέστωρ}}, ''Akestōr''), literally "healer"
*'''Culicarius''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|j|uː|l|ᵻ|ˈ|k|ær|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Culicarius.wav}} {{respell|KEW|lih|KARR|ee|əs}}), from Latin ''culicārius'', "of midges"
*'''Iatrus''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|æ|t|r|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Iatrus.wav}} {{respell|eye|AT|rəs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἰατρός}}, ''Iātros''), literally "physician"<ref>[[Euripides]], ''[[Andromache (play)|Andromache]]'' 901</ref>
*'''Medicus''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛ|d|ᵻ|k|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Medicus.wav}} {{respell|MED|ik|əs}}), "physician" in Latin. A [[Roman temple|temple]] was dedicated to ''Apollo Medicus'' in Rome, probably next to the temple of [[Bellona (goddess)|Bellona]].
*'''[[Paean (god)|Paean]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|iː|ə|n|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Paean.wav}} {{respell|PEE|ən}}; {{lang|grc|Παιάν}}, ''Paiān''), physician, healer<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*paia%2Fn παιών ]</ref>
*'''Parnopius''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɑːr|ˈ|n|oʊ|p|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Parnopius.wav}} {{respell|par|NOH|pee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Παρνόπιος}}, ''Parnopios''), from {{lang|grc|πάρνοψ}}, "locust"

====Founder and protector====
*'''[[Agyieus]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|dʒ|aɪ|ᵻ|j|uː|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Agyieus.wav}} {{respell|ə|JUY|ih|yooss}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀγυιεύς}}, ''Aguīeus''), from {{lang|grc|ἄγυια}}, "street", for his role in protecting roads and homes
*'''[[Alexicacus]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˌ|l|ɛ|k|s|ᵻ|ˈ|k|eɪ|k|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Alexicacus.wav}} {{respell|ə|LEK|sih|KAY|kəs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀλεξίκακος}}, ''Alexikakos''), literally "warding off evil"
*'''Apotropaeus''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˌ|p|ɒ|t|r|ə|ˈ|p|iː|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Apotropaeus.wav}} {{respell|ə|POT|rə|PEE|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀποτρόπαιος}}, ''Apotropaios''), from {{lang|grc|ἀποτρέπειν}}, "to avert"
*'''[[Archegetes]]''' ({{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|k|ɛ|dʒ|ə|t|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Archegetes.wav}} {{respell|ar|KEJ|ə|teez}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀρχηγέτης}}, ''Arkhēgetēs''), literally "founder"
*'''Averruncus''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|v|ə|ˈ|r|ʌ|ŋ|k|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Averruncus.wav}} {{respell|AV|ə|RUNG|kəs}}; from Latin ''āverruncare''), "to avert"
*'''Clarius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|ær|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Clarius.wav}} {{respell|KLARR|ee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Κλάριος}}, ''Klārios''), from [[Doric Greek|Doric]] {{lang|grc|κλάρος}}, "allotted lot"<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dklh%3Dros1 κλάρος ]</ref>
*'''Epicurius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛ|p|ᵻ|ˈ|k|j|ʊər|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Epicurius.wav}} {{respell|EP|ih|KURE|ee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἐπικούριος}}, ''Epikourios''), from {{lang|grc|ἐπικουρέειν}}, "to aid"<ref name="simbolismo" />
*'''Genetor''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|n|ᵻ|t|ər|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Genetor.wav}} {{respell|JEN|ih|tər}}; {{lang|grc|Γενέτωρ}}, ''Genetōr''), literally "ancestor"<ref name="simbolismo" />
*'''Nomius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|oʊ|m|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Nomius.wav}} {{respell|NOH|mee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Νόμιος}}, ''Nomios''), literally "pastoral"
*'''Nymphegetes''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ɪ|m|ˈ|f|ɛ|dʒ|ᵻ|t|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Nymphegetes.wav}} {{respell|nim|FEJ|ih|teez}}; {{lang|grc|Νυμφηγέτης}}, ''Numphēgetēs''), from {{lang|grc|Νύμφη}}, "Nymph", and {{lang|grc|ἡγέτης}}, "leader", for his role as a protector of shepherds and pastoral life
*'''Patroos''' ({{lang|grc|Πατρῷος}}, ''Patrōios'') from {{lang|grc|πατρῷος}}, "related to one's father", for his role as father of [[Ion (mythology)|Ion]] and founder of the [[Ionians]], as worshipped at the [[Temple of Apollo Patroos]] in Athens
*[[Apollo Sauroctonos|'''Sauroctonus''']] ({{lang|grc|Σαυροκτόνος}}, ''Sauroctonos''), "lizard-killer", possibly a reference to his killing of [[Python (mythology)|Python]]

====Prophecy and truth====
*'''Coelispex''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɛ|l|ᵻ|s|p|ɛ|k|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Coelispex.wav}} {{respell|SEL|isp|eks}}), from Latin ''coelum'', "sky", and ''specere'' "to look at"
*'''Iatromantis''' ({{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˌ|æ|t|r|ə|ˈ|m|æ|n|t|ᵻ|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Iatromantis.wav}} {{respell|eye|AT|rə|MAN|tis}}; {{lang|grc|Ἰατρομάντις}}, ''Iātromantis'',) from {{lang|grc|ἰατρός}}, "physician", and {{lang|grc|μάντις}}, "prophet", referring to his role as a god both of healing and of prophecy
*'''Leschenorius''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|l|ɛ|s|k|ᵻ|ˈ|n|ɔr|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Leschenorius.wav}} {{respell|LESS|kin|OR|ee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Λεσχηνόριος}}, ''Leskhēnorios''), from {{lang|grc|λεσχήνωρ}}, "converser"
*'''Loxias''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɒ|k|s|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Loxias.wav}} {{respell|LOK|see|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Λοξίας}}, ''Loxias''), from {{lang|grc|λέγειν}}, "to say",<ref name="simbolismo" /> historically associated with {{lang|grc|λοξός}}, "ambiguous"
*'''Manticus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|æ|n|t|ᵻ|k|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Manticus.wav}} {{respell|MAN|tik|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Μαντικός}}, ''Mantikos''), literally "prophetic"
*'''Proopsios''' ({{lang|grc|Προόψιος}}), meaning "foreseer" or "first seen"<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-grc1:1.32.2 Pausanias, Description of Greece, 1.32.2]</ref>

====Music and arts====
*'''Musagetes''' ({{IPAc-en|m|j|uː|ˈ|s|æ|dʒ|ᵻ|t|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Musagetes.wav}} {{respell|mew|SAJ|ih|teez}}; [[Doric Greek|Doric]] {{lang|grc|Μουσαγέτας}}, ''Mousāgetās''), from {{lang|grc|Μούσα}}, "[[Muse]]", and {{lang|grc|ἡγέτης}} "leader"<ref>{{LSJ|*mousage/tas|Μουσαγέτας|shortref}}.</ref> 
*'''Musegetes''' ({{IPAc-en|m|j|uː|ˈ|s|ɛ|dʒ|ᵻ|t|iː|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Musegetes.wav}} {{respell|mew|SEJ|ih|teez}}; {{lang|grc|Μουσηγέτης}}, ''Mousēgetēs''), as the preceding

====Archery====
*'''Aphetor''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|f|iː|t|ər|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Aphetor.wav}} {{respell|ə|FEE|tər}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀφήτωρ}}, ''Aphētōr''), from {{lang|grc|ἀφίημι}}, "to let loose"
*'''Aphetorus''' ({{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|f|ɛ|t|ər|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Aphetorus.wav}} {{respell|ə|FET|ər|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀφητόρος}}, ''Aphētoros''), as the preceding
*'''Arcitenens''' (Roman) ({{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|t|ɪ|s|ᵻ|n|ə|n|z|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Arcitenens.wav}} {{respell|ar|TISS|in|ənz}}), literally "bow-carrying"
*'''Argyrotoxus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|dʒ|ər|ə|ˈ|t|ɒ|k|s|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Argyrotoxus.wav}} {{respell|AR|jər|ə|TOK|səs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἀργυρότοξος}}, ''Argyrotoxos''), literally "with silver bow"
*'''Clytotoxus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|l|aɪ|t|ɒ|ˈ|t|ɒ|k|s|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Clytotoxus.wav}} {{respell|KLY|toh|TOK|səs}}; {{lang|grc|Κλυτότοξος}}, ''Klytótoxos''), "he who is famous for his bow", the renowned archer.<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Odyssey]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135%3Abook%3D17%3Acard%3D462 17.494]</ref>
*'''Hecaërgus''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɛ|k|i|ˈ|ɜːr|ɡ|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Hecaërgus.wav}} {{respell|HEK|ee|UR|gəs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἑκάεργος}}, ''Hekaergos''), literally "far-shooting"
*'''Hecebolus''' ({{IPAc-en|h|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɛ|b|əl|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Hecebolus.wav}} {{respell|hiss|EB|əl|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἑκηβόλος}}, ''Hekēbolos''), "far-shooting"
*'''Ismenius''' ({{IPAc-en|ɪ|z|ˈ|m|iː|n|i|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Ismenius.wav}} {{respell|iz|MEE|nee|əs}}; {{lang|grc|Ἰσμηνιός}}, ''Ismēnios''), literally "of Ismenus", after Ismenus, the son of [[Amphion]] and [[Niobe]], whom he struck with an arrow

==== Appearance ====
* '''Acersecomes''' ({{lang|grc|Ακερσεκόμης}}, ''Akersekómēs''), "he who has unshorn hair", the eternal ephebe.<ref>See [https://greek_greek.en-academic.com/11211/ακερσεκόμης ἀκερσεκόμης]</ref>
* '''Chrysocomes''' ({{IPAc-en|k|r|aɪ|ˈ|s|ɒ|k|oʊ|m|ə|s|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-Chrysocomes.wav}} {{respell|cry|SOH|koh|miss}}; {{lang|grc|Χρυσοκόμης}}, ''Khrusokómēs''), literally "he who has golden hair".

====Amazons====
*'''[[Amazonius]]''' ({{lang|grc|Ἀμαζόνιος}}), [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] at the [[Description of Greece]] writes that near [[Pyrrhichus]] there was a sanctuary of Apollo, called Amazonius ({{langx|grc|Ἀμαζόνιος}}) with an image of the god said to have been dedicated by the [[Amazons]].<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0525.tlg001.perseus-grc1:3.25.3 Pausanias, Description of Greece, § 3.25.3]</ref>

====Other====
*'''Boedromius''' ({{lang|grc|Βοηδρόμιος}}), was a surname of Apollo in Athens, with varying explanations for its origin. Some claim that the reason the god was given this name was because he had helped the Athenians overcome the Amazons in their battle, which took place on the seventh of [[Boedromion]], the day the [[Boedromia]] were later commemorated. Others claim that the term originated from the fact that, in the battle between Eumolpus and Erechtheus and Ion, Apollo had counselled the Athenians to charge the enemy with a war cry (Βοή) if they were going to win.<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DB%3Aentry+group%3D7%3Aentry%3Dboedromius-bio-1 A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology, Boedromius]</ref>

===Celtic epithets and cult titles===
Apollo was worshipped throughout the [[Roman Empire]]. In the traditionally [[Celtic nations|Celtic]] lands, he was most often seen as a healing and sun god. He was often equated with [[List of Celtic gods|Celtic gods]] of similar character.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Notes d'histoire des religions: 8. Introduction à une étude de l'Apollon gaulois |last=Le Roux |first=F. |date=1959 |page=216-226 |journal=Ogam |volume=11 |lang=FR}}</ref><ref>Miranda J. Green, ''Dictionary of Celtic Myth and Legend'', Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1997</ref>
* '''[[Apollo Atepomarus]]''' ("the great horseman" or "possessing a great horse"). Apollo was worshipped at [[Mauvières]] ([[Indre]]). Horses were, in the Celtic world, closely linked to the Sun.<ref>''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' XIII, 1863–1986; A. Ross, ''Pagan Celtic Britain'', 1967; M.J. Green, ''The Gods of the Celts'', 1986, London</ref>
* '''[[Apollo Belenus]]''' ("bright" or "brilliant"). This epithet was given to Apollo in parts of [[Gaul]], Northern Italy and [[Noricum]] (part of modern Austria). Apollo Belenus was a healing and sun god.<ref>J. Zwicker, ''Fontes Historiae Religionis Celticae'', 1934–36, Berlin; ''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' V, XI, XII, XIII; J. Gourcest, "Le culte de Belenos en Provence occidentale et en Gaule", ''Ogam'' '''6'''.6 (1954:257–262); E. Thevonot, "Le cheval sacre dans la Gaule de l'Est", ''Revue archeologique de l'Est et du Centre-Est'' (vol 2), 1951; [], "Temoignages du culte de l'Apollon gaulois dans l'Helvetie romaine"'', Revue celtique'' (vol 51), 1934.</ref>
* '''[[Apollo Cunomaglus]]''' ("hound lord"). A title given to Apollo at a shrine at [[Nettleton Scrubb|Nettleton Shrub]], Wiltshire. May have been a god of healing. Cunomaglus himself may originally have been an independent healing god.<ref>W.J. Wedlake, ''The Excavation of the Shrine of Apollo at Nettleton, Wiltshire, 1956–1971'', Society of Antiquaries of London, 1982.</ref>
* '''[[Apollo Grannus]]'''. Grannus was a healing spring god, later equated with Apollo.<ref>M. Szabo, ''The Celtic Heritage in Hungary'' (Budapest 1971)</ref><ref name="thevonat">Divinites et sanctuaires de la Gaule, E. Thevonat, 1968, Paris</ref><ref name="devries">La religion des Celtes, J. de Vries, 1963, Paris</ref>
* '''Apollo Maponus'''. A god known from inscriptions in Britain. This may be a local fusion of Apollo and [[Maponus]].
* '''[[Apollo Moritasgus]]''' ("masses of sea water").{{Clarify|reason=Opinions by Celticists and Xavier Delamarre translate "-tasgus" as the animal 'badger'; the book reference makes no mention of any meaning related to "sea water".|date=December 2024}} An epithet for Apollo at Alesia, where he was worshipped as the god of healing and, possibly, of physicians.<ref>J. Le Gall, ''Alesia, archeologie et histoire'' (Paris 1963).</ref>
* '''[[Apollo Vindonnus]]''' ("clear light"). Apollo Vindonnus had a temple at [[Essarois]], near [[Châtillon-sur-Seine]] in present-day [[Burgundy]]. He was a god of healing, especially of the eyes.<ref name="thevonat" />
* '''[[Apollo Virotutis]]''' ("benefactor of mankind"). Apollo Virotutis was worshipped, among other places, at Fins d'Annecy ([[Haute-Savoie]]) and at [[Jublains]] ([[Maine-et-Loire]]).<ref name="devries" /><ref>''Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum'' XIII</ref>