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Aponeurosis
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==Anatomy== ===Anterior abdominal aponeuroses=== The anterior abdominal aponeuroses are located just superficial to the [[rectus abdominis muscle]]. It has for its borders the [[external oblique]], [[pectoralis muscle]]s, and the [[latissimus dorsi]]. ===Posterior lumbar aponeuroses=== The posterior lumbar aponeuroses are situated just on top of the epaxial muscles of the thorax, which are [[multifidus spinae]] and [[sacrospinalis]]. ===Palmar and plantar aponeuroses and extensor hood=== The [[Palmar aponeurosis|palmar aponeuroses]] occur on the palms of the hands. The [[extensor hood]]s are aponeuroses at the back of the fingers. <br />The [[Plantar fascia|plantar aponeuroses]] occur on the plantar aspect of the foot. They extend from the [[calcaneus|calcaneal tuberosity]] then diverge to connect to the bones, ligaments and the dermis of the skin around the distal part of the metatarsal bones. ===Anterior and posterior intercostal membranes=== The anterior and posterior intercostal membranes are aponeuroses located between the ribs and are continuations of the external and internal [[intercostal muscles]], respectively. ===Scalp aponeuroses=== The [[epicranial aponeurosis]], or galea aponeurotica, is a tough layer of [[dense fibrous tissue]] which runs from the [[frontalis muscle]] anteriorly to the [[occipitalis]] posteriorly. ===Pennate muscles and aponeuroses=== [[Pennate muscle]]s, in which the muscle fibers are oriented at an angle to the line of action, typically have two aponeuroses. Muscle fibers connect one to the other, and each aponeurosis thins into a [[tendon]] which attaches to bone at the origin or insertion site.
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