Editing April 9 (section)

==Events==
===Pre-1600===
* [[193]] &ndash; The distinguished soldier [[Septimius Severus]] is proclaimed emperor by the army in [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Jacques|last=Legrand|title=Chronicle of the World|publisher=Ecam Publication|year=1989|page=236|isbn=0-13-133463-8}}</ref> 
* [[475]] &ndash; [[Byzantine Emperor]] [[Basiliscus]] issues a circular letter (''Enkyklikon'') to the bishops of his empire, supporting the [[Monophysitism|Monophysite]] [[christological]] position.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fontaine|first=Petrus F.M.|title=The Light and the Dark: A Cultural History of Dualism. Volume 15: Imperialism in Medieval History I. Dualism in Byzantine History 476-638 and Dualism in Islam 572-732|location=Amsterdam|publisher=J.C. Gieben|date=1986|oclc=15535828|page=196}}</ref>
* [[537]] &ndash; [[Siege of Rome (537–538)|Siege of Rome]]: The Byzantine general [[Belisarius]] receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of [[Huns|Hunnic]] or [[Slavs|Slavic]] origin and expert [[Archery|bowmen]]. Despite shortages, he starts raids against the [[Ostrogoths|Gothic]] camps and [[Vitiges]] but is forced into a stalemate.
*[[1241]] &ndash; [[Battle of Legnica|Battle of Liegnitz]]: [[Mongol Empire|Mongol]] forces defeat the Polish and German armies.<ref>{{cite book|last=Grant|first=R.G.|title=1001 Battles That Changed the Course of World History|location=New York|publisher=Chartwell Books|date=2017|isbn=9780785835530|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZNADwAAQBAJ|page=168}}</ref>
*[[1288]] &ndash; [[Mongol invasions of Vietnam]]: [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] forces are defeated by [[Trần dynasty|Trần]] forces in the [[Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)|Battle of Bach Dang]] in present-day northern Vietnam.<ref>{{cite book|editor-last=Embree|editor-first=Ainslie T.|title=Encyclopedia of Asian History. Volume 4: Sri—Zuny|location=New York|publisher=Scribner|date=1988|isbn=9780684189017|page=128}}</ref>
*[[1388]] &ndash; Despite being outnumbered 16:1, forces of the [[Old Swiss Confederacy]] are victorious over the [[Archduchy of Austria]] in the [[Battle of Näfels]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Widmer|first=Marie|title=Three Decisive Battles in Swiss History|journal=The American Educational Review|date=October 1914|page=18|accessdate=April 15, 2022|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5SgAAAAMAAJ}}</ref>
*[[1454]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Lodi]] is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirshner|first=Julius|title=The Origins of the State in Italy, 1300-1600|location=Chicago|publisher=University of Chicago Press|date=1996|isbn=9780226437699|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAvk-MkzVNsC|page=183}}</ref>

===1601–1900===
*[[1609]] &ndash; [[Eighty Years' War]]: [[Spanish Empire|Spain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]] sign the [[Treaty of Antwerp (1609)|Treaty of Antwerp]] to initiate twelve years of truce.
*  1609   &ndash; [[Philip III of Spain]] issues [[Expulsion of the Moriscos|the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos"]].
*[[1682]] &ndash; [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|Robert Cavelier de La Salle]] discovers the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]], claims it for France and names it [[Louisiana (New France)|Louisiana]].
*[[1784]] &ndash; The [[Treaty of Paris (1783)|Treaty of Paris]], ratified by the [[United States Congress]] on January 14, 1784, is ratified by [[George III of the United Kingdom|King George III]] of the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]], ending the [[American Revolutionary War]]. Copies of the ratified documents are exchanged on May 12, 1784.<ref>{{cite book|last=Powers|first=Dave|title=Important Documents in American History: A Collection of the Important Documents Throughout America's History|location=Fallbrook, Calif.|publisher=Harvest Publishers|date=2010|isbn=978-0-557-79841-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HG9yAgAAQBAJ|page=35|postscript=none}}<br />{{cite book|last=Renehan|first=Edward|title=The Treaty of Paris: The Precursor to a New Nation|location=New York|publisher=Chelsea House|date=2007|isbn=9780791093528|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=77SN_7zebb8C|page=105}}</ref>
*[[1860]] &ndash; On his [[phonautograph]] machine, [[Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville]] makes the [[history of sound recording|first known recording]] of an audible human voice.
*[[1865]] &ndash; [[American Civil War]]: [[Robert E. Lee]] [[Battle of Appomattox Court House#Surrender|surrenders]] the [[Army of Northern Virginia]] (26,765 troops) to [[Ulysses S. Grant]] at [[Appomattox Court House National Historical Park|Appomattox Court House, Virginia]], effectively ending the war.

===1901–present===
*[[1909]] &ndash; The [[United States Congress|U.S. Congress]] passes the [[Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act]].
*[[1917]] &ndash; [[World War I]]: The [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]]: The battle begins with [[Canadian Corps]] executing a [[battle of Vimy Ridge|massive assault on Vimy Ridge]].
*[[1918]] &ndash; World War I: The [[Battle of the Lys (1918)|Battle of the Lys]]: The [[Portuguese Expeditionary Corps]] is crushed by the German forces during what is called the [[German spring offensive|Spring Offensive]] on the Belgian region of [[Flanders]].
*[[1937]] &ndash; The ''[[Kamikaze (aircraft)|Kamikaze]]'' arrives at [[Croydon Airport]] in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.
*[[1939]] &ndash; African-American singer [[Marian Anderson]] gives a concert at the [[Lincoln Memorial]] after being denied the use of [[Constitution Hall]] by the [[Daughters of the American Revolution]].
*[[1940]] &ndash; [[World War II]]: [[Operation Weserübung]]: [[Nazi Germany|Germany]] invades [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|Denmark]] and [[Norwegian campaign|Norway]].
*  1940   &ndash; [[Vidkun Quisling]] seizes power in Norway.
*[[1942]] &ndash; World War II: The [[Battle of Bataan]] ends and the [[Bataan Death March]] begins.
*1942 &ndash; World War II: An [[Indian Ocean raid]] by Japan's [[1st Air Fleet]] sinks the British aircraft carrier {{HMS|Hermes|95|6}} and the Australian destroyer {{HMAS|Vampire|D68|6}}.
*[[1945]] &ndash; [[Dietrich Bonhoeffer]], Lutheran pastor and anti-Nazi dissident, is executed by the Nazi regime.
*  1945   &ndash; World War II: The German heavy cruiser [[German cruiser Admiral Scheer|''Admiral Scheer'']] is sunk by the [[Royal Air Force]].
*  1945   &ndash; World War II: The [[Battle of Königsberg]], in [[East Prussia]], ends.
*  1945   &ndash; The [[United States Atomic Energy Commission]] is formed.
*[[1947]] &ndash; The [[Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes]] kill 181 and injure 970 in [[Texas]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Kansas]].
* 1946  &ndash; About 500 postal workers in [[Tel Aviv]] and [[Jaffa]] went [[1946 Palestine general strike|on strike]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Currivan |first=Gene Currivan |date=1946-04-17 |title=PALESTINE TIED UP BY STRIKE OF 50,000; 15 Jews End Hunger Protest on Official Pledge to Admit 1,200 Detained in Italy |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1946/04/17/archives/palestine-tied-up-by-strike-of-50000-15-jews-end-hunger-protest-on.html |access-date=2024-07-04 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*  1947   &ndash; The [[Journey of Reconciliation]], the first interracial [[Freedom Riders|Freedom Ride]] begins through the upper [[Southern United States|South]] in violation of [[Jim Crow laws]]. The riders wanted enforcement of the [[United States Supreme Court]]'s [[1946]] [[Irene Morgan]] decision that banned [[racial segregation]] in interstate travel.
*  1947   &ndash; [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 22]] relating to [[Corfu Channel incident]] is adopted.
*[[1948]] &ndash; [[Jorge Eliécer Gaitán]]'s assassination provokes a violent riot in [[Bogotá]] (the ''[[Bogotazo]]''), and a further [[La Violencia|ten years of violence]] in [[Colombia]].
*  1948   &ndash; Fighters from the [[Irgun]] and [[Lehi (militant group)|Lehi]] [[Zionist]] terror groups attacked [[Deir Yassin]] near [[Jerusalem]], [[Deir Yassin massacre|killing over 100]] Palestinians.
*[[1952]] &ndash; [[Hugo Ballivián]]'s government is overthrown by the [[History of Bolivia (1920–64)|Bolivian National Revolution]], starting a period of [[agrarian reform]], [[universal suffrage]] and the [[nationalization]] of tin mines
*  1952   &ndash; [[Japan Air Lines Flight 301]] crashes into [[Mount Mihara]], [[Izu Ōshima]], Japan, killing 37.<ref name="TSM">{{cite web |date=1996 |title=Accident Description |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19520409-0 |access-date=4 December 2022 |publisher=aviation-safety.net}}</ref>
*[[1957]] &ndash; The [[Suez Canal]] in [[Egypt]] is cleared and opens to shipping following the [[Suez Crisis]].
*[[1959]] &ndash; [[Project Mercury]]: [[NASA]] announces the selection of the United States' first seven [[astronaut]]s, whom the news media quickly dub the "[[Mercury Seven]]".
*[[1960]] &ndash; [[Hendrik Verwoerd|Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd]], [[Prime Minister of South Africa]] and architect of [[apartheid]], narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer, [[David Pratt (assassin)|David Pratt]] in [[Johannesburg]].
*[[1967]] &ndash; The first [[Boeing 737]] (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.
*[[1969]] &ndash; The first British-built ''[[Concorde]]'' 002 makes its maiden flight from [[Filton]] to [[RAF Fairford]] with [[Brian Trubshaw]] as the test pilot.
*[[1980]] &ndash; The [[Iraq]]i regime of [[Saddam Hussein]] kills philosopher [[Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] and his sister [[Bint al-Huda]] after three days of torture.
*[[1981]] &ndash; The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine {{USS|George Washington|SSBN-598|6}} accidentally collides with the ''Nissho Maru'', a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it and killing two Japanese sailors.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-04-09|title=1981: USS George Washington Sank a Japanese Ship after Surfacing|url=https://history.info/wars/1981-uss-george-washington-sank-a-japanese-ship-after-surfacing/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=History.info|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[1989]] &ndash; [[April 9 tragedy|Tbilisi massacre]]: An [[Anti-Sovietism|anti-Soviet]] peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in [[Tbilisi]], demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is [[April 9 tragedy|dispersed by the Soviet Army]], resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Rereading Russian Classics in the Shadow of the Ukraine War |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/01/30/rereading-russian-classics-in-the-shadow-of-the-ukraine-war |date=23 January 2023 |access-date=23 January 2023 |first1=Elif |last1=Batuman |page=44 |volume=98 |issue=47 |issn=0028-792X |magazine=The New Yorker}}</ref>
*[[1990]] &ndash; An [[Irish Republican Army|IRA]] bombing in County Down, [[Northern Ireland]], [[1990 Downpatrick roadside bomb|kills]] three members of the [[Ulster Defence Regiment|UDR]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/cgi-bin/dyndeaths.pl?querytype=date&day=9&month=04&year=1990 |title=CAIN: Sutton Index of Deaths |publisher=Cain.ulst.ac.uk |date=1990-04-09 |access-date=2016-12-31}}</ref>
*  1990   &ndash; The [[Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement]] is signed for {{Convert|180,000|km2|mi2}} in the [[Mackenzie Valley]] of the western [[Arctic]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BIsNAQAAMAAJ|title=The Native North American Almanac: A Reference Work on Native North Americans in the United States and Canada|last=Champagne|first=Duane|date=2001|publisher=Gale Research|isbn=978-0-7876-1655-7|language=en}}</ref>
*  1990   &ndash; An [[Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia]] [[Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2254|collides]] in mid-air with a [[Cessna 172]] over [[Gadsden, Alabama]], killing both of the Cessna's occupants.<ref name="NTSB Final Report ATL90FA095A">{{cite web |date=March 5, 1993 |title=Aviation Accident Final Report |url=https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20001212X22846-20170725-91135&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211222214258/https://app.ntsb.gov/pdfgenerator/ReportGeneratorFile.ashx?EventID=20001212X22846-20170725-91135&AKey=1&RType=Final&IType=FA |archive-date=December 22, 2021 |access-date=January 24, 2020 |publisher=[[National Transportation Safety Board]] |id=ATL90FA095A}}</ref>
*[[1991]] &ndash; [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] declares independence from the [[Soviet Union]].
*[[1992]] &ndash; A [[United States federal courts|U.S. Federal Court]] finds former [[Panama]]nian dictator [[Manuel Noriega]] guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.
*[[1994]] &ndash; [[Space Shuttle program]]: [[Space Shuttle Endeavour|Space Shuttle ''Endeavour'']] is launched on [[STS-59]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=STS-59 |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission/sts-59/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=NASA}}</ref>
*[[2003]] &ndash; [[Iraq War]]: [[Battle of Baghdad (2003)|Baghdad falls]] to American forces.
*[[2009]] &ndash; In [[Tbilisi]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], up to 60,000 people [[2009 Georgian demonstrations|protest]] against the government of [[Mikheil Saakashvili]].
*[[2011]] &ndash; Six people and the perpetrator are killed and 17 injured in [[Alphen aan den Rijn shopping mall shooting|a mass shooting]] at a shopping mall in [[Alphen aan den Rijn|Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dutch town in shock after shooting rampage |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/world/dutch-town-in-shock-after-shooting-rampage-idUSTRE73925W/ |website=Reuters |access-date=9 April 2025}}</ref>
*[[2013]] &ndash; A 6.1–magnitude [[2013 Bushehr earthquake|earthquake]] strikes [[Iran]] killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people.
*  2013   &ndash; At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a [[Velika Ivanča shooting|spree shooting]] in the Serbian village of [[Velika Ivanča]].
*[[2014]] &ndash; A student [[Franklin Regional High School stabbing|stabs]] 20 people at [[Franklin Regional High School]] in [[Murrysville, Pennsylvania]].
*[[2017]] &ndash; The [[Palm Sunday church bombings]] at Coptic churches in [[Tanta]] and [[Alexandria]], Egypt, take place.
*  2017   &ndash; After refusing to give up his seat on an overbooked [[United Express]] flight, Dr. David Dao Duy Anh is [[2017 United Express passenger removal|forcibly dragged off]] the flight by aviation security officers, leading to major criticism of [[United Airlines]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/10/business/united-flight-passenger-dragged.html|title=United Airlines Passenger Is Dragged From an Overbooked Flight|last1=Victor|first1=Daniel|date=2017-04-10|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-04-08|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
*[[2021]] &ndash; [[Tatmadaw|Burmese military]] and security forces commit the [[Bago massacre]], during which at least 82 civilians are killed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-10 |title=Myanmar coup: 'Dozens killed' in military crackdown in Bago |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-56703416 |access-date=2021-04-11}}</ref>