Editing Archelon (section)

==Research history==
[[File:Archelon skeleton.jpg|upright|thumb|left|Holotype (YPM 3000) at the [[Yale Peabody Museum]]|alt=A black and white photo of the turtle skeleton and a man standing next to it for scale. The man appears to be about half the size of the display]]
The [[holotype specimen]], [[Peabody Museum of Natural History|YPM]] 3000, was collected from the [[Late Campanian]]-age [[Pierre Shale]] of [[South Dakota]] along the [[Cheyenne River]] in [[Custer County, South Dakota|Custer County]] by American paleontologist [[George Reber Wieland]] in 1895, and described by him the following year based on a mostly complete skeleton excluding the skull. He named it ''Archelon ischyros'',<ref name=wieland1896>{{cite journal|last=Wieland|first=G. R.|year=1896|title=''Archelon ischyros'': a new gigantic cryptodire testudinate from the Fort Pierre Cretaceous of South Dakota|journal=American Journal of Science|series=4th series|volume=2|issue=12|pages=399–412|url=https://archive.org/details/americanjournal56unkngoog/page/n414|doi=10.2475/ajs.s4-2.12.399|bibcode=1896AmJS....2..399W}}</ref> genus name from the [[Ancient Greek]] {{lang|grc|ἀρχη}}- ({{transliteration|grc|arkhe}}-) 'first/early',{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1980|pp=106–107}} {{lang|grc|χελώνη}} ({{transliteration|grc|chelone}}) 'turtle',{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1980|p=781}} and species name from {{lang|grc|ἰσχυρός}} ({{transliteration|grc|ischyros}}) 'mighty' or 'powerful'.{{sfn|Liddell|Scott|1980|p=336}} A second specimen, a skull, was discovered in 1897 in the same region.<ref name=wieland1900/>
[[File:Archelon.png|thumb|1914 restoration by American paleontologist [[Samuel Wendell Williston]]|alt=Pencil drawing of the left-side view on the left and the top-side view on the right, with some fish in the background]]
In 1900, Wieland described a second species, ''A. marshii'', from remains collected in 1898 by American paleontologist [[Othniel Charles Marsh]], to whom the [[species name]] refers, on the basis that the shell underside ([[plastron]]) was thicker and the [[Humerus|humeri]] were straighter.<ref name=wieland1900/> However, in 1909, Wieland reclassified it as ''Protostega marshii''. In 1902, a third, mostly complete specimen was collected also along the Cheyenne River. In the same study, ''Protostega copei'' from [[Kansas]], which was first described by Wieland in 1909 and named in honor of [[Edward Drinker Cope]] who first erected the family Protostegidae,<ref name=wieland1909>{{cite journal|last=Wieland|first=G. R.|year=1909|title=Revision of the Protostegidae|journal=American Journal of Science|series=4th series|volume=27|issue=158|pages=101–130|url={{google books|plainurl=yes|id=8BBHAQAAMAAJ|page=101}}|doi=10.2475/ajs.s4-27.158.101|bibcode=1909AmJS...27..101W}}</ref> was moved to the genus ''Archelon'' as ''A. copei''.<ref name=zangerl>{{cite book|url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/25267#page/34|first=R.|last=Zangerl|year=1953|title=The Vertebrate Fauna of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part III: The Turtles of the Family Protostegidae|series=Fieldiana: Geology Memoirs|volume=3|number=3|publisher=Chicago Natural History Museum|pages=78–79, 128–130}}</ref> In 1998, ''A. copei'' was moved to the new genus (originally named ''Microstega'', but subsequently renamed ''Kansastega'') as ''K. copei''.<ref name=hooks>{{cite journal|first=G. E.|last=Hooks III|year=1998|title=Systematic Revision of the Protostegidae, with a Redescription of ''Calcarichelys gemma'' Zangerl, 1953|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=18|issue=1|pages=85–98|doi=10.1080/02724634.1998.10011036|bibcode=1998JVPal..18...85H }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=McDavid |first1=S. N. |last2=Hooks |first2=G. E. |year=2023 |title=''Kansastega'', nom. nov., a replacement name for ''Microstega'' Hooks, preoccupied by Meyrick |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=43 |issue=1 |at=e2252648 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2252648 |s2cid=261927100 |doi-access=free }}</ref> In 1992, a fourth and the largest specimen to date, nicknamed "Brigitta", was discovered in [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota]] and resides in the [[Natural History Museum Vienna]].<ref name=derstler/> In 2002, a fifth specimen, a partial skeleton, was discovered from the Pierre Shale of [[North Dakota]] along the [[Sheyenne River]] near [[Cooperstown, North Dakota|Cooperstown]].<ref name=hoganson/>