Editing Arctic (section)

== Definition and etymology ==
The word Arctic comes from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word {{Wikt-lang|el|ἀρκτικός}} ''arktikos'' "near the Bear, northern"<ref>Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315193 "Arktikos."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630102053/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315193&redirect=true |date=30 June 2023 }} ''A Greek-English Lexicon''. Perseus Digital Library.</ref> and from the word {{Wikt-lang|el|ἄρκτος}} ''arktos'' meaning "bear" for either to the [[constellation]] known as [[Ursa Major]], the "Great Bear", which is prominent in the northern portion of the [[celestial sphere]],<ref>Liddell, Henry George and Scott, Robert. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315199 "Arktos."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630102051/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2315199&redirect=true |date=30 June 2023 }} ''A Greek-English Lexicon''. Perseus Digital Library.</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Ridpath |first=Ian |year=2018 |title=Star Tales |url=https://www.google.com.my/books/edition/Star_Tales/7dXYDwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=arktos+ursa&pg=PA172&printsec=frontcover  |location=Cambridge, England, UK  |publisher=James Clarke & Company |isbn=978-0-7188-4781-4 |pages=172-176 }}</ref> or the constellation [[Ursa Minor]], the "Little Bear", which contains the [[Celestial pole|celestial north pole]] (currently very near [[Polaris]], the current north Pole Star, or North Star).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.souledout.org/nightsky/ursamandm/ursamajorandminor.html |title=The Great Bear Constellation Ursa Major |access-date=10 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130031637/http://souledout.org/nightsky/ursamandm/ursamajorandminor.html |archive-date=30 November 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref>

There are several definitions of what area is contained within the Arctic. The area can be defined as north of the [[Arctic Circle]] (about 66° 34'N), the approximate southern limit of the [[midnight sun]] and the [[polar night]]. Another definition of the Arctic, which is popular with [[ecology|ecologists]], is the region in the [[Northern Hemisphere]] where the average temperature for the warmest month (July) is below {{convert|10|C}}; the northernmost [[tree line]] roughly follows the [[Contour line#Temperature and related subjects|isotherm]] at the boundary of this region.<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/arctic "arctic."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100314115954/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Arctic |date=14 March 2010 }} ''Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1).'' Random House, Inc. Retrieved 2 May 2009.</ref><ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lJX9fdU4NvkC&pg=RA1-PA482 |title=Fundamentals of the physical environment |last=Addison |first=Kenneth |publisher=Routledge |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-415-23293-7 |page=482 |access-date=15 November 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630102124/https://books.google.com/books?id=lJX9fdU4NvkC&pg=RA1-PA482 |url-status=live}}</ref>