Editing Arthrogryposis (section)

==Signs and symptoms==
Often, every joint in a patient with arthrogryposis is  affected; in 84% all limbs are involved, in 11% only the legs, and in 4% only the arms are involved.<ref name=Bevan>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bevan WP, Hall JG, Bamshad M, Staheli LT, Jaffe KM, Song K | title = Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (amyoplasia): an orthopaedic perspective | journal = Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics | volume = 27 | issue = 5 | pages = 594–600 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17585274 | doi = 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318070cc76 }}</ref> Every joint in the body, when affected, displays typical signs and symptoms:  for example, the shoulder (internal rotation); wrist (volar and ulnar); hand (fingers in fixed flexion and thumb in palm); hip (flexed, abducted and externally rotated, frequently dislocated); elbow (extension and pronation) and foot [[clubfoot]] and less commonly [[rocker bottom foot|congenital vertical talus]].<ref name=Kalampokas/><ref name=Miller>{{cite journal | vauthors = Miller M, Dobbs MB | title = Congenital Vertical Talus: Etiology and Management | journal = The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons | volume = 23 | issue = 10 | pages = 604–11 | date = October 2015 | pmid = 26337950 | doi = 10.5435/JAAOS-D-14-00034 | s2cid = 2282828 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

Range of motion can be different between joints because of the different deviations.<ref name=Fassier>{{cite journal | vauthors = Fassier A, Wicart P, Dubousset J, Seringe R | title = Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. Long-term follow-up from birth until skeletal maturity | journal = [[Journal of Children's Orthopaedics]] | volume = 3 | issue = 5 | pages = 383–90 | date = October 2009 | pmid = 19669823 | pmc = 2758174 | doi = 10.1007/s11832-009-0187-4 }}</ref> Some types of arthrogryposis like amyoplasia have a symmetrical joint/limb involvement, with normal sensations.<ref name=Bevan /><ref name=Fassier /> The contractures in the joints can result in delayed walking development in the first five years, but severity of contractures do not necessarily predict eventual walking ability or inability.<ref name=Fassier />

Intelligence is normal to above normal in children with amyoplasia,<ref name=Bevan /> but it is not known how many of these children have an above-normal intelligence, and there is no literature available about the cause of this syndrome. There are a few syndromes like the [[Freeman–Sheldon syndrome|Freeman–Sheldon]] and Gordon syndrome, which have craniofacial involvement.<ref name=Bevan /> The amyoplasia form of arthrogryposis is sometimes accompanied with a midline facial [[hemangioma]].<ref name=Bevan />
Arthrogryposis is not a diagnosis but a clinical finding, so this disease is often accompanied with other syndromes or diseases. These other diagnoses could affect any organ in a patient. There are a few slightly more common diagnoses such as [[pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[cryptorchidism]], [[congenital heart defects]], [[tracheoesophageal fistula]]s, [[inguinal hernia]]s, [[cleft palate]], and eye abnormalities.<ref name=Brooks>{{cite journal | vauthors = Brooks JG, Coster DJ | title = Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita: a report of two cases | journal = Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 127–32 | date = May 1994 | pmid = 7917267 | doi = 10.1111/j.1442-9071.1994.tb00780.x | doi-access = free }}</ref>