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Arthur Rubinstein
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== Early life == [[File:SM Łódź Piotrkowska 78 2017 (0) ID 613239.jpg|thumb|Childhood home of Artur Rubinstein at [[Piotrkowska Street]], [[Łódź]], Poland]] Arthur Rubinstein was born in [[Łódź]], [[Congress Poland]] (part of the [[Russian Empire]] for the entire time Rubinstein resided there) on 28 January 1887, to a Jewish family. He was the youngest of seven children of Felicja Blima Fajga (née Heiman) and Izaak Rubinstein. His father owned a small textile factory.<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907361,00.html "Intoxicated with Romance."] ''Time'' 101, no. 23 (4 June 1973): 73.</ref><ref>[http://www.geni.com/people/Artur-Rubinstein/6000000004707085011 Artur Rubinstein]. geni.com</ref> Rubinstein's birth name was to be ''Leo'', but his eight-year-old brother claimed that "His name must be Artur. Since Artur X (a neighbour's son) plays the violin so nicely, the baby may also become a great musician!"<ref name="Rubinstein, Artur 1973">{{harvnb|Rubinstein|1973|p=[https://archive.org/details/myyoungyears00rubi/page/4/mode/2up 4].}}</ref> Thus, he was called Artur, although in English-speaking countries, he preferred to be known as ''Arthur Rubinstein''. His United States [[impresario]] [[Sol Hurok]], however, insisted he be billed as ''Artur'', and records were released in the West under both versions of his name.<ref>{{harvnb|Rubinstein|1973|p=[https://archive.org/details/myyoungyears00rubi/page/4/mode/2up 4]}}: "In later years, my manager Sol Hurok used the h-less 'Artur' for my publicity, but I sign 'Arthur' in countries where it is common practice, 'Arturo' in Spain and Italy, and 'Artur' in the Slav countries".</ref> At age two, Rubinstein demonstrated [[absolute pitch]] and a fascination with the piano, watching his elder sister's piano lessons. By the age of four, he was recognised as a [[child prodigy]]. His father had a predilection for the violin and offered Rubinstein a violin; but Rubinstein rejected it because he thought his instinct was for harmony and polyphony. The Hungarian violinist [[Joseph Joachim]], on hearing the four-year-old child play the piano, was greatly impressed, telling Arthur's family, "This boy may become a very great musician—he certainly has the talent for it... When the time comes for serious study, bring him to me, and I shall be glad to supervise his artistic education." On 14 December 1894, seven-year-old Arthur Rubinstein had his debut with pieces by [[Mozart]], [[Schubert]] and [[Mendelssohn]].<ref name="Rubinstein, Artur 1973"/><ref name="Sachs 1997"/> When he turned ten, Rubinstein moved to [[Berlin]] to continue his studies, and gave his first performance with the [[Berlin Philharmonic]] in 1900, at the age of 13.<ref name="nytimes.com"/> Joachim entrusted Rubinstein to [[Karl Heinrich Barth]] as his piano teacher. As a student of Barth, Rubinstein inherited a renowned pedagogical lineage: Barth was himself a pupil of [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]], who had been taught by [[Carl Czerny|Czerny]], who had in turn been a pupil of [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]].<ref name="nytimes.com"/>
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