Editing Assassination (section)

==Etymology==
{{Main|Hashshashin}}
[[File:Schauman shoots Bobrikov.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Nikolay Bobrikov]], the Russian [[Governor-General of Finland]], [[assassination of Nikolay Bobrikov|assassinated]] by [[Eugen Schauman]] on June 16, 1904, in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite journal | first1 = George B. | last1 = Kauffman | first2 = Lauri | last2 = Niinistö | author-link1 = George B. Kauffman |url = http://chemeducator.org/bibs/0003003/00030208.htm | title = Chemistry and Politics: Edvard Immanuel Hjelt (1855–1921) | journal = The Chemical Educator | year = 1998 | volume =3 | issue = 5 | doi = 10.1007/s00897980247a | pages = 1–15| s2cid = 97163876 }}</ref> The author of the drawing is unknown.]]
[[File:Lee Harvey Oswald arrest card 1963.jpg|thumb|upright=.90|Mugshot of [[Lee Harvey Oswald]], who was deemed [[Assassination of John F. Kennedy|responsible for the assassination]] of U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]] on November 22, 1963. Oswald was assassinated two days later by [[Jack Ruby]], the first such event to occur during live television coverage.|left]]

''Assassin'' comes from the Italian and French Assissini, believed to derive from the word ''[[hashshashin]]'' ({{langx|ar|حشّاشين|ḥaššāšīyīn}}),<ref>''American Speech'' – McCarthy, Kevin M. Volume 48, pp. 77–83</ref>  and shares its etymological roots with ''[[hashish]]'' ({{IPAc-en|h|æ|ˈ|ʃ|iː|ʃ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hashish.wav}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|æ|ʃ|iː|ʃ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Naomi Persephone Amethyst (NaomiAmethyst)-hashish (alt).wav}}; from {{lang|ar|حشيش}} ''{{transliteration|ar|DIN|ḥašīš}}'').<ref name="OED">{{cite web |title=assassinate |url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/assassinate |publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=28 February 2024}}</ref><ref name="The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam">''The Assassins: a radical sect in Islam'' – Bernard Lewis, pp. 11–12</ref> It referred to a group of [[Nizari Isma'ilism|Nizari Ismailis]] known as the [[Order of Assassins]] who worked against various political targets.<ref name=":1" />

Founded by [[Hassan-i Sabbah]], the Assassins were active in the [[Near East]] from the 11th to the 13th centuries. The group killed members of the [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]], [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]], [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimid]], and Christian [[Crusades|Crusader]] elite for political and religious reasons.<ref name=":1">Secret Societies Handbook, Michael Bradley, Altair Cassell Illustrated, 2005. {{ISBN|978-1-84403-416-1}}</ref>

Although it is commonly believed that members of the Order of Assassins were under the influence of [[hashish]] during their killings or during their indoctrination, there is debate as to whether these claims have merit, with many Eastern writers and an increasing number of Western academics coming to believe that drug-taking was not the key feature behind the name.<ref name="C:AH">{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=O7AoY6ljSygC&q=hashishiyya | author= Martin Booth | title= Cannabis: A History |year= 2004 | publisher= Macmillan| isbn = 978-0-312-42494-7}}</ref>

The term "assassinare" (assassin) was used in [[Medieval Latin]] from the mid 13th century.<ref name="OED"/>

The earliest known use of the verb "to assassinate" in printed English was by [[Matthew Sutcliffe]] in ''A Briefe Replie to a Certaine Odious and Slanderous Libel, Lately Published by a Seditious Jesuite'', a pamphlet printed in 1600, five years before it was used in ''[[Macbeth]]'' by [[William Shakespeare]] (1605).<ref>''A briefe replie to a certaine odious and slanderous libel, lately published by a seditious Iesuite.'' Imprinted at London: By Arn. Hatfield, 1600 (STC 23453) p.  103</ref><ref>"assassinate, v." OED Online. Oxford University Press, June 2016. Web. August 11, 2016.</ref>