Editing Atrebates (section)

== Name ==
They are mentioned as ''Atrebates'' by [[Julius Caesar|Caesar]] (mid-1st c. BC) and [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] (1st c. AD),<ref>[[Julius Caesar|Caesar]]. ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', 2:4; [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]]. ''Naturalis Historia,'' 4:106.</ref> ''Atrebátioi'' (Ἀτρεβάτιοι) by [[Strabo]] (early 1st c. AD),<ref>[[Strabo]]. ''Geōgraphiká'', 4:3:5.</ref> ''Atribátioi'' (Ἀτριβάτιοι) by [[Ptolemy]] (2nd c. AD),<ref>[[Ptolemy]]. ''Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis,'' 2:9:4.</ref> ''Atrébas'' (Ἀτρέβας) by [[Cassius Dio]] (3rd c. AD),<ref>[[Cassius Dio]]. ''Rhōmaïkḕ Historía'', 40:43.</ref> and as ''Atrabatis'' in the ''[[Notitia Dignitatum]]'' (5th c. AD).<ref>''[[Notitia Dignitatum]]'', oc 42:40.</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Falileyev|2010}}, s.v. ''Atrebates''.</ref>

The [[ethnonym]] ''Atrebates'' is a latinized form of the [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] *''Atrebatis'' (<small>sing.</small> ''Atrebas''), which literally means 'dwellers, land-owners, possessors of the soil'. It derives from the [[Proto-Celtic language|Proto-Celtic]] stem ''*attreb-'' ('settlement') attached to the suffix ''-atis'' ('belonging to'), the former descending, as a result of an [[Assimilation (phonology)|assimilation]] from an earlier *''ad-treb''-, from the [[Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]] root for 'settlement', ''*treb-'' (cf. [[Oscan language|Osc.]] ''trííbúm'', [[Proto-Germanic language|Germ.]] ''*Þurpa'', [[Lithuanian language|Lith.]] ''trobà'' 'house'). The ethnic name is [[cognate]] with the [[Old Irish]] ''ad-treba'' ('he dwells, cultivates') and ''attrab'' ('possession, the act of occupying, a dwelling'), the [[Modern Irish]] ''áitreabhach'' ('inhabitant'), and the [[Middle Welsh]] ''athref'' ('dwelling-place, abode').<ref>{{harvnb|Lambert|1994|p=35}}; {{harvnb|Delamarre|2003|pp=59, 301–302}}; {{harvnb|Busse|2006|p=198}}; {{harvnb|Matasović|2009|pp=46, 388}}; see {{harvnb|Lambert|1997|p=398}} for ''Atrebas''/''Atrebatis''.</ref>

The city of [[Arras]], attested ca. 400 AD as ''civitas Atrabatum'' ('[[civitas]] of the Atrebates'; ''Atrebatis'' in 881, ''Arras'' in 1137), the region of [[Artois]], attested in 799 as ''pago Atratinse'' ('[[pagus]] of the Abrates'; ''Atrebatense castrum'' in 899, later ''Arteis''), and the {{Ill|Forêt d'Arrouaise|lt=Arrouaise Forest|fr}}, attested ca. 1050 as ''Atravasia silva'' ('forest of the Atrebates'; ''Arwasia'' in 1202), are all named after the Belgic tribe.{{sfn|Nègre|1990|pp=152, 424}}